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Middle Ages Test

Total questions: 142

Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by...
a)
The manor system and the importance of land ownership
b)
Absolute monarchies and strong central government
c)
Decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
d)
 Extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
2.
The person who first unified most of the Christian lands in western Europe after the fall of Rome was...
a)
 Henry VIII
b)
 Charlemagne
c)
 William the Conqueror
d)
Saladin
3.
Which group made up the largest part of the population in feudal society?
a)
   Nobles
b)
   The king
c)
 Knights
d)
 Peasants
4.
Which is a characteristic of feudal society?
a)
 Rapid social change
b)
   High literacy rates
c)
   Factory system and the industrial based economy
d)
   Rigid social class structure, social hierarchy
5.
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
a)
     Free market
b)
   Socialism
c)
     Manorialism
d)
     Command economy
6.
Europe became a feudal society because...
a)
the rarity of cash required land to be used as a payment for services.
b)
Europeans needed to defend themselves against constant raids and invasions.
c)
overpopulation required that a more efficient agricultural system be developed.
d)
skilled craftspeople had emerged as farming techniques improved.
7.
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in...
a)
   Lower living standards for industrial workers
b)
   Decreased economic rivalry between kings
c)
     Increased political power for the clergy
d)
 Development of towns and cities
8.
“All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.”  

Which European institution during the Middle Ages in best described by this statement?
a)
     The guild
b)
     The knighthood
c)
     The Church
d)
 The nation-state
9.

Vocabulary: A grant of land given to a vassal

a)

Fief

b)

Feudal Contract

c)

Chivalry

d)

Vassal

10.

Vocabulary: Social and Political system of the middle ages

a)

Fief

b)

Feudalism

c)

Feudal Contract

d)

Chivalry

11.

Vocabulary: A code of ethics all knights were expected to follow

a)

Fief

b)

Feudal contract

c)

Chivalry

d)

Vassal

12.

Charlemagne’s conquest and rule over Western Europe was important because:

a)

It led to a great empire that lasted 1000 years

b)

His empire spread Judaism across Europe

c)

His empire split after his son's death causing the fall of empires

d)

His empire merged with the Ottoman Empire

13.

Which of the following were NOT invaders of Western Europe during this time period?

a)

Japanese

b)

Magyars

c)

Vikings

d)

Muslims

14.

Which Church official was the highest authority in the Church?

a)

Bishop

b)

Archbishop

c)

Pope

d)

Abbott

15.

Land ruled by the Pope was called...

a)

The Church

b)

The Papal State

c)

The State of the Pope

d)

Jerusalem

16.

Feudalism began as

a)

a way for the military to secure its power over the peasants and landowners

b)

a contract in which land was granted to the peasants in exchange for military service to the nobles

c)

a demand by peasants for better living conditions and for a share in the economic prosperity of the middle ages

d)

a means for the church to collect more taxes for its support of the nobility

17.

Which of the following was NOT a king of the Franks?

a)

Pepin

b)

Francis

c)

Clovis

d)

Charles Martel

18.

The Franks were one of many different ____ that took over the ____ around 500.

a)

Muslim warriors, Byzantine Empire

b)

Germanic tribes, Byzantine Empire

c)

Germanic tribes, Roman Empire

d)

Muslim warriors, Romand

19.

Once Clovis converted to Christianity, the Franks established an alliance with

a)

the Patriarch in Constantinople

b)

The Umayyad rulers in Damascus

c)

The Abbasid rulers in Baghdad

d)

The Pope in Rome

20.

Why is the reign of Charles Martel significant in Western European history?

a)

He ended the Muslim advance into Western Europe.

b)

He was crowned Western Roman Emperor, continuing the legacy of Rome.

c)

He was the 1st Frank king to be recognized by the Pope.

d)

He led the Franks to overthrow the Roman Empire.

21.

All of the following are true of the government of Charlemagne EXCEPT

a)

He led efforts to revive Greek and Latin learning in Western Europe.

b)

He ended the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches.

c)

He revived the Western Roman Empire with the Pope's recognition.

d)

The Christian religion was enforced throughout his empire.

22.

How were the wars of Charlemagne different than that of Clovis or Charles Martel, other Frank leaders?

a)

Charlemagne executed all his enemies leaders once they were defeated.

b)

Charlemagne fought wars to build a unified Christendom, empire of God.

c)

Charlemagne converted all those he conquered to Islam.

d)

Charlemagne allowed Muslims and Jews to practice their religions.

23.
 A medieval manor was 
a)
a self sufficient unit
b)
owned by the catholic church
c)
always located near a trade route
d)
protected by an army of serfs
24.
In a feudal system, lands called 'fiefs' are given to...
a)
Nobles, or Vassals
b)
Peasants
c)
Soldiers
d)
Priests
25.
Places where monks lived to preserve Greco-Roman cultural achievements
a)
Monostaries
b)
Churches
c)
Convents
d)
Cathedrals
26.
Charlemagne briefly united western Europe when he formed an empire reaching across parts of Italy, Germany, and
a)
Scandinavia
b)
Ireland
c)
Spain
d)
France
27.
Who was most likely to be educated during the Early Middle Ages?
a)
Priests
b)
Kings
c)
Nobles
d)
Peasants
28.
The _____________, a Germanic group led by Charlemagne became a force in Western Europe
a)
Franks
b)
Angels
c)
Saxons
d)
Vikings
29.

Who worked the land and was often treated unfairly under the feudal system?

a)

knight

b)

king

c)

serf

d)

lord

30.

In the feudal system, which group had the most power?

a)

Monarchs

b)

Nobles

c)

Knights

d)

The Pope/Church

31.
Most teaching took place where?
a)
town schools
b)
manors
c)
churches/cathedrals
d)
libraries
32.

Took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Attended 8 church services a day and cared for sick and poor, taught, copied text.

a)

Monks

b)

Bishops

c)

Cardinals

d)

Pope

33.

Who was Charlemagne's grandfather?

a)

Charles the Hammer

b)

Constantine the Great

c)

Leo IX

d)

Henry VIII

34.

What important battle did Charles the Hammer win?

a)

Battle of Rome

b)

Battle of Paris

c)

Battle of Tours

d)

Battle of Manzikert

35.

What was Charlemagne's capital?

a)

Rome

b)

Paris

c)

Aachen

d)

Poitier

36.
What was the goal of CLovis, the leader of the Franks?
a)
To make a great name for himself
b)
To provide food for all his family
c)
To unite all of Gaul into one empire
d)
To ward off evil spirits
37.
Charlemagne was a
a)
Carolingian
b)
Merovingian
c)
Longobard
d)
Saxon
38.
What do we call Clovis's empire today?
a)
France
b)
Germany
c)
Italy
d)
Spain
39.

Period in history between the collapse of Rome an the modern world.

a)

Bronze Age

b)

Classical Era

c)

Middle Ages

d)

Prehistory

40.

Invaders from Scandinavia who often raided Europe during the 800's and 900's and eventually settled in Russia.

a)

Magyars

b)

Angles

c)

Saxon

d)

Vikings

41.

Who conducted local church services, supervised moral and religious instruction, and administered most of the seven sacraments?

a)

Pope

b)

Parish Priests

c)

Cardinals

d)

Monks

42.

Which group held the most power under Feudalism?

a)

Serfs

b)

Knights

c)

Lords

d)

Vassals

43.

Church laws code based on religious teachings that governed all aspects of life during the Middle Ages.

a)

Common Law

b)

Canon Law

c)

Code of Hammurabi

d)

Feudalism

44.

Nomadic group from Central Asia that invaded Europe, captured slaves, and eventually settled in what is now Hungary.

a)

Angles

b)

Saxons

c)

Magyars

d)

Vikings

45.

Treaty that divided Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire into thirds.

a)

Treaty of Ghent

b)

Treaty of Verdun

c)

Treaty of Versailles

d)

Treaty of Paris

46.

The Byzantine Empire began as the eastern half of

a)

Athens

b)

The Persian Empire

c)

The Roman Empire

d)

Sparta

47.

The Goths, Vandals, Saxons, and Franks were among the __________________ tribes that conquered parts of the Roman Empire.

a)

Muslim

b)

Persian

c)

Byzantine

d)

Germanic

48.

As the Germanic tribes conquered parts of Western Europe they divided areas into ___________________.

a)

Kingdoms

b)

Republics

c)

Tribal councils

d)

Democracies

49.

As Christianity spread across Western Europe during the early Middle Ages there another religion that was spreading throughout the Middle East and Mediterranean regions. What was it?

a)

Buddhism

b)

Judaism

c)

Hinduism

d)

Islam

50.

Major Domo and son of Charles Martel, brokered a deal with the Pope to become king.

a)

Charlemagne

b)

Pepin the Short

c)

Louis the Pious

d)

Clovis

51.

Charlemagne's only son, was very religious but weak ruler. His three sons fought over the empire after his death.

a)

Charlemagne

b)

Pepin the Short

c)

Louis the Pious

d)

Clovis

52.

A person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty, protection & other services

a)

Peasant

b)

Lord

c)

Serf

d)

Vassal

53.

Which event was the main cause of the Middle Ages?

a)

Fall of the Roman Empire

b)

Rise of the Greeks under Alexander the Great

c)

Fall of the Merovingian Dynasty

d)

Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty

54.

It was important to Charlemagne that his people be:

a)

educated

b)

kind to animals

c)

well-dressed

d)

all of these

55.

Which of the following did Charlemagne create across his empire?

a)

schools

b)

hotels

c)

government buildings

d)

hospitals

56.

Which title did Charlemagne receive?

a)

Holy European Emperor

b)

Holy Roman Emperor

c)

Holy Christian Emperor

d)

Holy Byzantine Emperor

57.

Charlemagne was

a)

not tolerant of other religions.

b)

tolerant of other religions.

c)

open minded and wanted diversity in religion.

d)

polytheistic.

58.

messengers of the lord king

a)

missi dominici

b)

pony express

c)

chancelor of the exchequer

d)

sheriff

e)

knights

59.

Religious communities built by the church for women (nuns)

a)

Monasteries

b)

Holy Roman Empire

c)

Convents

60.

Worldly (involved in politics and other social matters/not religion)

a)

secular

b)

manor

c)

fief

61.

Church tax

a)

taxes

b)

tithe

c)

income

62.

Different ranks of Church leaders including priests, bishops, cardinals, and the Pope.

a)

Clergy

b)

Church people

c)

Papacy

63.
Serfs relied on the Lord and his manor for:
a)
education
b)
safety
c)
job improvement
d)
food and clothing
64.
A king was able to rule all of the land in his kingdom because ______________ were the local rulers.
a)
Serfs
b)
Monks
c)
Lords
d)
Queens
65.
The correct order of social classes (from highest to lowest) in the Feudal system is:
a)
Knights, Kings, Serfs, Peasants
b)
Kings, Lords, Peasants, Knights
c)
Kings, Lords, Knights, Serfs
d)
Serfs, Knights, Kings, Lords
66.
Who were the trained soldiers who kept the manor ad the people safe?
a)
Knights
b)
Ninjas
c)
Serfs
d)
Monks
67.
Land was to the feudal system as ________ is to modern society.
a)
Money
b)
Real estate
c)
Education
d)
Politics
68.

A stone wall, castle moat, and a knight's armor all have what in common?

a)

parts of a church's architecture

b)

features of a manor

c)

forms of military technology

d)

structures of medieval towns

69.

What made feudalism work was the idea of

a)

chivalry

b)

loyalty

c)

fiefs

d)

tallage

70.

Castles were ________________.

a)

dark

b)

damp

c)

dull

d)

all of the above

71.

A ________________, which was a dug-out area filled with water, made a circle around a castle.

a)

manor

b)

fief

c)

moat

d)

drawbridge

72.

What was the only unifying force in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?

a)

Feudal Lords

b)

Roman Catholic Church

c)

Buddhism

d)

Overseas Trade

73.
The second stage on the path to becoming a knight was the ___________ at the age of 14.
a)
page 
b)
squire
c)
pawn
d)
rook
74.
Traveling poet-musicians of the Middle Ages were called...
a)
minstrels
b)
jesters
c)
troubadours
d)
pages
75.
How did knights fail to live up to the ideals of chivalry?
a)
In their treatment of ladies of the court
b)
In their treatment of the lower classes
c)
In their treatment of other knights
d)
In their treatment of the clergy
76.
Women generally had little property because...
a)
they could not own land at all.
b)
land was passed on to sons.
c)
women did not work the land.
d)
most women were nobility.
77.
What is manorialism?
a)
A system based around self-sufficient farming estates, where the lord and the peasants lived off the land together
b)
A system where everyone is really polite to one another
c)
A system where people live in manor houses owned by the lord
d)
A system based off extensive trade, where each farm specializes in only one good or service
78.

What is the first stage in becoming a Knight?

a)

page

b)

squire

c)

vassal

d)

fief

79.

At what age did boy's begin their training to become a knight?

a)

5

b)

7

c)

9

d)

10

80.

If a squire proved himself worthy, he could expect to become a knight by what age?

a)

18

b)

21

c)

25

d)

20

81.

As a thanks for their service, knights received:

a)

Nothing

b)

A horse

c)

A holiday

d)

Land

82.

Noble sons who were going to train as knights were sent to:

a)

The equivalent of "Knight School"

b)

To fend for themselves in the forest

c)

To live with a lord where they would train as a knight

d)

Stay home to help their family

83.

A knight's armour was...

a)

Cheap, after all people could not afford much

b)

Handed down from generation to generation

c)

Very expensive as it had to be tailor made to fit the man

d)

Didn't exist during Medieval times as it wasn't invented

84.
If the Pope did this to someone, that person would not be able to take part in any sacraments from the church. 
a)
excommunicated 
b)
executed 
c)
exiled 
d)
excluded
85.
Monks daily lives consisted of....
a)
traveling and preaching the word of God.
b)
work, church service and prayer.
c)
praying and advising the Pope on important church matters.
d)
None of these answers are correct. 
86.
A pope had the power to excommunicate an entire town/city/kingdom. This is also known as a(n)
a)
canon law
b)
excommunication
c)
interdict
d)
sacrament
87.
__________________ formed a new order of monks, known as the, Franciscan Friars. He also preached the gospels and gave up all of his worldly possessions. 
a)
St. Francis of Asissi
b)
St. Benedict 
c)
King Henry II
d)
Thomas Beckett 
88.
Sacraments 
a)
are sacred rites of the church.
b)
are something the church has the power to administer. 
c)
include important life events, such as; Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation, and Marriage)
d)
All of these answers are correct. 
89.
Monks daily lives consisted of....
a)
traveling and preaching the word of God.
b)
work, church service and prayer.
c)
praying and advising the Pope on important church matters.
d)
None of these answers are correct. 
90.
What are the three vows that monks had to take under Benedictine Rule?
a)
obedience, chastity, and poverty
b)
loyalty, obedience, and chastity
c)
honor, loyalty and chastity 
d)
None of these are correct. 
91.
Medieval Catholics believed that if they didn't receive the holy rites of the church (sacraments) , they would...
a)
be excommunicated. 
b)
go to hell. 
c)
go to prison.
d)
be placed in the stocks. 
92.

The Christian church was typically the _________________ of medieval villages.

a)

Economic center

b)

Forgotten place

c)

Smallest building

d)

Social center

93.

"The Catholic Church declared that war could not take place on church property, or on religious holidays. . . .”

-Medieval and Early Modern Times


This quotation implies that…

a)

the church had considerable political power during this time

b)

war was limited to religious holidays

c)

religion was dictated by feudal law

d)

landlords determined when warfare took place

94.

St. Patrick was born in ____________.

a)

Ireland

b)

United States

c)

England

d)

China

95.
St. Patrick then sailed back to Ireland where he traveled and talked to people about ________________. It was very difficult, but eventually people began to listen and Christiain churches were formed.
a)
shamrocks
b)
leprechuns
c)
Christianity
d)
St. Patrick
96.

What animal did St. Patrick supposedly drive out of Ireland?

a)

Bears

b)

Frogs

c)

Locusts

d)

Snakes

97.
What is the definition of heresy?
a)
Not following the temple. 
b)
Not liking religion. 
c)
Religous ideas that oppose to the church's.
d)
Religous ideas that go with the church's
98.

How many sacraments are there?

a)

1

b)

4

c)

6

d)

7

99.

We are cleansed from original sin in this sacrament

a)

Baptism

b)

Eucharist

c)

Confirmation

d)

Reconciliation

100.

We receive the Body and Blood of Jesus in this Sacrament

a)

Eucharist

b)

Baptism

c)

Confirmation

d)

Holy Orders

101.

This sacrament completes our initiation into the Church by sealing us with the Holy Spirit

a)

Baptism

b)

Eucharist

c)

Reconciliation

d)

Confirmation

102.

This sacraments strengthens our soul and sometimes our bodies

a)

Reconciliation

b)

Eucharist

c)

Anointing of the Sick

d)

Holy Orders

103.

This sacrament unites a man and woman making them one

a)

holy orders

b)

marriage

c)

confirmation

d)

baptism

104.

This sacrament creates priests

a)

marriage

b)

holy orders

c)

anointing

d)

confirmationb

105.

Why were monasteries so important in the Middle Ages?

a)

Monks kept reading and writing alive.

b)

Monks helped the sick and the poor.

c)

Monks preserved important manuscripts and copied the Bible

d)
all three are correct
106.
How did monks preserve (save) knowledge of the past?
a)
they copied books, and rare documents.
b)
they interviewed many politicians.
c)
they spent their days talking with community members.
d)
they kept journals.
107.
An Italian monk by the name of ______________ created a set of rules that most European monasteries followed. 
a)
St. Patrick
b)
St. Stephen
c)
Pope Leo III
d)

St. Benedict
108.

The Church taught that ______, or the saving of one's soul, would only come through the Churches teachings.

a)

salvation

b)

excommunication

c)

heresy

d)

learning

109.

How did new farming methods contribute to the growth of medieval towns?

a)

People who lived in towns could start to raise their own food.

b)

Towns became less crowded as families moved to the country.

c)

Enough crops were grown to sell to people who lived in towns.

d)

Factories were set up in towns to make agricultural equipment.

110.

If you were a customer who bought shoes from a cobbler, a guild might help you by making sure that

a)

the business was in a home.

b)

the members paid their dues.

c)

the workers were paid fairly.

d)

the shoes were of good quality.

111.
Which of the following is a main reason why the clergy were recorders and advisers to kings?
a)
They could read and write.
b)
They were honest and wise
c)
They owned most of the land.
d)
They made all the people obey.
112.
What is a guild?
a)
An association of craftspeople
b)
A social class
c)
A military unit
d)
The name for the special doctors during the Black Death
113.
People who worked with guilds to receive training were called:
a)
Apprentices
b)
Interns
c)
Masters
d)
Members
114.

What did a Journeyman get for his work that an Apprentice did not get?

a)

food

b)

clothing

c)

shelter

d)

salary

115.
What advantages did consumers get from the existence of guilds?
a)
quality products
b)
fair pricing
c)
all of the above
d)
none of the above
116.
What was the highest position that a craftsman could attain?
a)
Master
b)
Journeyman
c)
Apprentince
d)
Captain
117.

In the Middle Ages, towns were centers of _________.

a)

agriculture

b)

feudalism

c)

the manor system

d)

trade

118.

"The man should put his hands together as a sign of humility, and place them between the two hands of his lord as a token that he vows everything to him and promises faith to him; and the lord should receive him and promise to keep faith with him. The man should say: "Sir, I enter your honage and faith and become your man by mouth and hands, and I swear and promise to keep faith and loyalty to you against all others"

-A Source book for Medieval History

The excerpt above most likely represents which of the following aspects of medieval life?

a)

A feudal contract

b)

The code of chivalry

c)

The teachings of the Church

d)

A proclamation from the King

119.
What agricultural advancement  of the Middle Ages allowed farmers to grow crops successfully?
a)
Three field system/crop rotation
b)
Sharecropping
c)
Feudal System
d)
Slash and burn agriculture
120.

How did the wealth of the church influence European politics?

a)

it was used to help the poor, but had no political power

b)

it made the church more powerful than kings

c)

it made the church dependent on kings

d)

it made the clergy into ruling bodies

121.

What was the effect of the Treaty of Verdun on Charlemagne's empire?

a)

His three grandsons ruled as co-emperors

b)

Lothair, as emperor, ruled most of the territory

c)

The land was divided into three unequal sections

d)

A third of Charlemagne's territory went to the Church

122.
What was a peasant's job?
a)
Farming
b)
Building tools
c)
Cooking
d)
All of the above
123.
A manor house was most similar to:
a)
A hotel
b)
A mansion
c)
A cathedral
d)
A cottage
124.
Religious women who devote their lives to the Catholic Church.
a)
Priests
b)
Nuns
c)
Nurses
d)
Frairs
125.

How were feudalism and the manor system related?

a)

Feudalism was a social order, and the manor system was the economic arrangement that supported it

b)

Feudalism applied only to lords, while the manor system involved serfs

c)

The laws of feudalism were set by the king, and the laws of the manor were set by the Church

d)

Feudalism involved only war, while the manor system involved farming

126.

Did the status of women improve during the Middle Ages?

a)

They gained power by ruling when their husbands went on Crusade

b)

Their roles remained limited to the home and convent

c)

They gained power by running their own convents

d)

Their status improved because the Church held them in high esteem

127.
Which best describes the influence of the Church during the Middle Ages?
a)
A child from almost every family became a monk or nun in the Church
b)
The Church encouraged people of other religions to settle in Europe
c)
Church officials and kings worked separately to govern countries
d)
Daily life in villages and towns revolved around the Church
128.

Papal Supremacy means...

a)

the creator of the Franciscan Friars

b)

the establishment of church laws and courts

c)

to excommunicate a town, kingdom, or region

d)

to have authority over all secular rulers

129.

an English monk who wrote a history of England.

a)

Benedict

b)

Clovis

c)

Scholastica

d)

Venerable Bede

130.

The three grandsons of Charlemagne were:

a)

Charles the Bald

b)

Lothair

c)

Lothair the German

d)

Louis

e)

Louis the German

131.

An influential German abbess who composed a considerable body of mystical poetry and music.

a)

Mozart

b)

Hildegard of Bingen

c)

Charlemagne

d)

Peter Abelard

132.

How did Eleanor challenge traditional women's stereotypes of the time?

a)

She didn't, she accepted her role as a woman

b)

She was able to gain political influence and exert it as Queen

c)

She was a servant to her sons

d)

During the king's absence she ruled on their behalf

133.

The buying and selling of spiritual things, spiritual services, or Church offices

a)

simony

b)

Inquisition

c)

lay investiture

d)

heretics

134.

Two great orders of _____ that were begun during the High Middle Ages are the Franciscans and the Dominicans

a)

friars

b)

mendicant

c)

pilgrimages

d)

Crusades

135.

a grant by the Catholic Church, upon payment, that released a person from punishment for sins

a)

indulgences

b)

simony

c)

treaty

d)

thesis

136.

Most early European cities formed

a)

along the Black Sea.

b)

on the highland plains.

c)

along the North Sea.

d)

near major rivers.

137.
THE IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE WERE...
a)
The windmills and watermills, heavy plough, irrigation, two-field crop rotation.
b)
Irrigation, windmills and watermills, light plough, two- field crop rotation.
c)
Three- field crop rotation, heavy plough , spread of irrigation, windmills and watermills and more land could be farmed.
d)
All of them are correct
138.
THE INCREASE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION MEANT
a)
That more food became available and this reduced famine: more population.
b)
Agricultural innovations reduced the need for farm workers
c)
There were many uneployed farm workers in the countryside. Many of these went to the cities to look for work.
d)
All of them are correct.
139.
TRADE IMPROVED THANKS TO...
a)
POPULATION GROWTH
b)
TRADE FAIRS
c)
BANKING
d)
CREDIT
140.
A CHARTER IS
a)
A legal document that established self- government for a serf.
b)
A legal document that  established self-government for a city 
c)
A legal document that established self- government for a country
d)
A legal document that established the laws that the lord choose for a city.
141.
Cities
a)
Were composed of : High walls, cathedral, the city hall, palaces, hospitals, schools, parishes, quarters and the market square
b)
Cities were unhealthy places. People threw their rubbis in the street.
c)
There were religious quarters
d)
All of them are correct.
142.
Why were fairs important during the Middle Ages?
a)
Stimulated trade, barter, and exotic goods
b)
Stimulated economy, created banks, and opened trade routes. 
c)
People could come together and party. 
d)
Promoted economic growth, social activity, and communication