Қаріп өлшемі
Жұмыс парақтарыAP Psychology - Cognition #2
Total сұрақ: 41
Worksheet time: 23mins
retroactive interference
old information blocks new info
new information block old info
forgetting curve
recall decreases rapidly at first, then reaches a plateau after which little more is forgotten (EBBINGHAUS)
forget info b/c you never encoded it (paid attention to it) in the first place (which is the real penny)
the physical state you were in when learning is the way you should be when testing (study high, test high)
the more closely retrieval cues match the way we learned the info, the better we remember the info (like state dependent memory)
proactive interference
old information blocks new info
new information block old info
anterograde amnesia
you forget new information
you forget past memories
Representative Heuristic
relying on availability to judge the frequency of something
make inferences based on your experience
Babbling is the 1st stage of speech
true
false
Kids repeat what they hear – but they don’t do it perfectly
imitation
overregularization
operant conditioning
inborn universal grammar
retrograde amnesia
you forget new information
you forget past memories
grammar mistake where children over use certain morphemes (I go-ed to the park)
imitation
overregularization
operant conditioning
inborn universal grammar
language is innate; we are predisposed to learn it
imitation
overregularization
operant conditioning
inborn universal grammar
period of time where something must be learned or else it cannot ever happen (language must be learned young – Genie the Wild Child)
linguistic determinism
overregularization
critical period
inborn universal grammar
language influences the way we think (Hopi have no words for past, do not think about the past) developed by WHORF
linguistic determinism
overregularization
critical period
inborn universal grammar
megacognition
mental categories used to group objects, events, characteristics
thinking about and reflecting upon the way you think
all instances of a concept are compared to an ideal example (what you first think of)
step by step strategies that guarantee a solution (formula)
algorithms
mental categories used to group objects, events, characteristics
thinking about and reflecting upon the way you think
all instances of a concept are compared to an ideal example (what you first think of)
step by step strategies that guarantee a solution (formula)
concepts
mental categories used to group objects, events, characteristics
thinking about and reflecting upon the way you think
all instances of a concept are compared to an ideal example (what you first think of)
step by step strategies that guarantee a solution (formula)
prototypes
mental categories used to group objects, events, characteristics
thinking about and reflecting upon the way you think
all instances of a concept are compared to an ideal example (what you first think of)
step by step strategies that guarantee a solution (formula)
keep using one strategy – cannot think outside of the box
(a)
tendency of one’s preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning by making invalid conclusions
(a)
tendency to cling to our beliefs in the face on contrary evidence
(a)
look for evidence to support what we already believe
(a)
inductive reasoning
ability to think about many different things at once (Creative)
driven by logic, general to specific
limits creativity (one answer)
data driven decisions, specific to general
convergent thinking
ability to think about many different things at once (Creative)
driven by logic, general to specific
limits creativity (one answer)
data driven decisions, specific to general
Galton
said a general intelligence (g) underlies all mental abilities (typical IQ of today)
1st to suggest intelligence was inherited. Intelligence based on muscle strength, size of head, reaction time, etc.
2 clusters of mental abilities (crystalized intelligence & fluid intelligence)
multiple intelligences (8): linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (social), naturalist
Cattell
said a general intelligence (g) underlies all mental abilities (typical IQ of today)
1st to suggest intelligence was inherited. Intelligence based on muscle strength, size of head, reaction time, etc.
2 clusters of mental abilities (crystalized intelligence & fluid intelligence)
multiple intelligences (8): linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (social), naturalist
Spearman
said a general intelligence (g) underlies all mental abilities (typical IQ of today)
1st to suggest intelligence was inherited. Intelligence based on muscle strength, size of head, reaction time, etc.
2 clusters of mental abilities (crystalized intelligence & fluid intelligence)
multiple intelligences (8): linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (social), naturalist
Gardner
said a general intelligence (g) underlies all mental abilities (typical IQ of today)
1st to suggest intelligence was inherited. Intelligence based on muscle strength, size of head, reaction time, etc.
2 clusters of mental abilities (crystalized intelligence & fluid intelligence)
multiple intelligences (8): linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (self), interpersonal (social), naturalist
Spearman's g factor refers to
the genetic contribution to intelligence.
a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
the ability to understand and regulate emotions.
Gardner proposes that humans have multiple intelligences that are relatively independent of one another. Which of the following is one of the intelligences?
g factor
common sense intelligence
intrapersonal intelligence
fluid intelligence
Workplace managers who want to foster novel ideas and adaptive responses to new challenges should try to promote the ________ of their employees.
general intelligence
analytical intelligence
creative intelligence
emotional intelligence
According to Robert Sternberg's ________ theory, there are ________ intelligences.
six-factor; six
five-intelligences; five
quadratic; four
triarchic: three
When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates
factor analysis.
analytical intelligence
creative intelligence
emotional intelligence
A test designed to assess whether newly graduated medical students should be granted the legal right to practice medicine would most likely be considered a(n) ________ test.
WAIS
aptitude
IQ
achievement
Before publishing her test of musical aptitude, Professor Reed first administered the test to a representative sample of people. This was most clearly necessary for purposes of
standardization
reliability
predictive validity
content validity
When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of
reliability
content validity
standardization
predictive validity
If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, they are said to
be reliable
have content validity
be standardized
have predictive validity
Dr. Dawson is conducting a study with military veterans from the Vietnam and Gulf wars. He plans to evaluate them every year for 10 years to see if those with PTSD have a more pronounced decline in mental abilities and overall memory. This is a ________ study.
longitudinal
eugenic
cross-sectional
factor analytic
Because of his accumulated years of knowledge about psychology, Dr. Hernandez has decided that his fiftieth birthday would be the perfect time to begin writing an introductory psychology textbook. It would demonstrate his
factor analysis
fluid intelligence
predictive validity
crystallized intelligence
A person's ability to reason speedily and abstractly (for example, in solving novel logic problems) decreases slowly up to about age 75, then more rapidly, especially after age 85. This type of ability is also known as
factor analysis
factor analysis
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
intellectual and motivational processes that lead to novel solutions, idea, products
practical intelligence
creative intelligence
analytical intelligence
ability to size up new situations and adapt to real-life demands (street smarts)
practical intelligence
creative intelligence
analytical intelligence
mental components to solve problems, what IQ tests assess (book smarts)
practical intelligence
creative intelligence
analytical intelligence
