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WorksheetsChapter 12 - 13
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Who among the following helped launch the scientific revolution by claiming that the sun, rather than the Earth, is the center of the universe?
Francis Bacon
Thomas Kuhn
Nicolaus Copernicus
Albert Einstein
Which of the following methods do scientists consider the only reliable one for obtaining knowledge?
Keeping a dream journal
Modus ponens
Careful Reflection
The empirical method
Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?
There are objects that must be studied.
The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists.
The Earth is the center of the universe.
The material universe is basically unpredictable.
Which of the following does science attempt to explain?
Measurable facts
Untestable explanations
Subjective reality
Assumptions
Which of the following positions has been adopted by most scientists and Western philosophers?
Science always trumps religion when there is a conflict.
Religion always trumps science when there is a conflict.
Science and religion operate in two separate and mutually exclusive realities.
Science and religion are concerned with the same reality and are compatible and complementary.
Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?
Developing a hypothesis
Identifying a problem
Testing a hypothesis
Gathering information about a problem
Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?
A hypothesis
An observation
An experiment
A formal fallacy
Which of the following is true of observations according to science?
Observations must be made without the aid of instruments.
Observations should, in general, be guided by hypotheses.
Observations cannot be trusted because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming.
Measuring devices cannot supplement direct observation.
Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?
It is unrelated to the studied problem.
It cannot possibly be refuted even by the most careful observations.
It is consistent with well-established theories.
It cannot guide observation.
Which of the following is an approach to scientific research that is carried out in controlled (or partially controlled) conditions and involves statistical reasoning?
Statistics
A research program
Experimentation
Telepathy
In an experiment, which of the following is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter?
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Coextensive variable
Objective variable
Which of the following best describes experimental material?
A variable that is not accounted for by experimental design
The set of objects studied in an experiment
A randomly assigned condition that serves as the independent variable of an experiment
Clothing worn by an experimenter that has not yet been approved by the FDA
Which of the following statements represents Thomas Kuhn's view of science?
Science is biased by social expectations of what an acceptable hypothesis is.
Science is free of professional norms that dictate what an acceptable hypothesis is.
Science is the only field that adopts new paradigms.
Science is the only field that follows an unchanging paradigm.
According to Thomas Kuhn, which of the following is true of scientific progress?
It is not influenced by professional norms.
It is not subject to cultural bias.
It does not proceed in a straight line.
It does not occur during a paradigm shift.
Four different experimenters use the same test on four different randomly selected samples at different times and obtain consistent results. This is an indicator of
the test's morality.
the test's reliability.
the test's inauthenticity.
the test's nonmaleficence.
Francis Bacon systematized the scientific method.
True
False
Science is not based on a worldview or set of assumptions.
True
False
Perfect objectivity is obtainable in science.
True
False
The existence of the physical world can be proven by science.
True
False
Scientific problems can only initially be identified by scientists.
True
False
Which of the following best describes the state of nature?
A condition in which people live without government
A condition in which government can only enforce laws approved by the people
A condition in which government is a part of the natural order
A state with strict environmental laws to protect nature
Who among the following believed that decisions in the state of nature would be based primarily on the fallacy of appeal to force or scare tactics?
JOhn Locke
David Bell
Thomas Hobbes
Plato
According to John Locke, what is the chief function of government?
To prevent a war of all against all
To force people to help each other
To protect the natural rights of its citizens
To ensure that all citizens are safe by forcing them to act morally
In a democracy, where does the authority of legitimate government come from?
The People
The executive branch of government
International laws
The judicial branch of government
Which of the following is a form of government in which the citizens make laws?
Monoarchy
Theocracy
Benevolent dictatorship
Direct democracy
Which of the following best describes populism?
A form of government in which representatives are elected to govern and make laws
Belief in the wisdom and equality of the people
Belief in the wisdom of a select group that should rule over the majority
A form of government based on pop culture
Which of the following best describes a liberal democracy?
A democracy in which the royalty has limited ceremonial powers
A democracy in which only Democrats are elected to office
A democracy in which few people determine the liberties granted to all citizens
A democracy that protects the rights of individuals
Which of the following is a member of the executive branch of government?
Congress
The Supreme Court
The Department of Education
None of these are correct
Which of the following best describes lobbying?
Standing in the lobby of Congress
Advocacy that seeks to influence government for someone's benefit
Seeking restitution from harms caused by unjust laws
Asking other nations to pressure your own nation into fairly enforcing its laws and respecting the rights of its citizens
Which of the following is a potential law proposed by citizens?
An Article
A referendum
An Amendment
An Initiative
Which of the following is the position that the government should place no restrictions on the actions of its citizens except that they not harm each other?
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Direct Democracy
Communism
Which of the following is a member of the judicial branch?
The police
The courts
The cabinent
The vice president
Which of the following is the set of legal precedents set by previous court decisions?
Common Law
Referenda
Rules of evidence
Case Briefs
Which of the following is a voluntary agreement among people to unite as a political community?
An initiative
A referendum
A social contract
Seperation of powers
Which of the following is a form of democracy in which people turn over their authority to govern to elected members of government?
Direct democracy
Representative democracy
Pure democracy
Totalitarian democracy
Which of the following forms of government embodies elitism?
Direct democracy
Anarchy
Utopian socialism
Monarchy
Which of the following is a system of government in which authority is divided between a central government and constituent state governments?
Direct democracy
Elitist monarchy
Federalism
Totalitarianism
The state of nature is an agreement among citizens to obey the laws of a selected government.
True
False
Sovereignty is the power of government to make and enforce laws.
True
False
International laws are not created by the legislatures of individual countries.
True
False
