A 39-year-old woman presents with continuous pain and paresthesia

affecting her extremities. She states that these are triggered by innocuous

stimuli (a gentle breeze, for example), and is aggravated by emotional

stimuli. Which of the following thalamic nuclei might have been affected by a

stroke in this patient?

Patients that are seronegative for Anti-AchR but positive to MuSK will commonly present with (select all that apply).

Clinical cue identifying patients that are seropositive to MuSK and seronegative to anti-AchR

Which of the following is the most common pathological change in the thymus of patients with MG?

Done with MG patients to aid diagnosis; ptosis and/or diplopia improve after application of this object for 5 minutes in patients with MG

If a patient came out to be seronegative to AchR antibodies, which would be the sequence of the autoimmune testing?

A 20- year- old woman presents with double vision. On examination, she has ptosis that worsens with prolonged upgaze. Myasthenia gravis is suspected. What is the most sensitive test for myasthenia gravis?

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of pyridostigmine?

The clinical triad of LE typically consists of:

Why patients with LE have first arreflexia and then reflexes were elicited by the attending?

45-year-old male with chorea and cognitive difficulties has the head CT scan shown here. His mother died at a nursing home, from a progressive neurologic disease. His uncle is in a mental institution. Which neurotransmitters are diminished in this condition?

A 44-year-old male cab driver complains of increasingly tripping on his left foot

over the year. He now has to be careful when getting out of his cab and has fallen

over twice. He also has difficulty in ‘holding on’ to his urine in between fares. Otherwise

he feels well. You examine him and find a moderate asymmetrical spastic paraparesis,

with some distal reduction in sensation to the ankles. You also rather surprisingly

felt that the reflexes in his arms were pathologically brisk. Where is the symptomatic lesion in this patient?

A 68-year-old male presented with 42 wasted hands bilaterally, no sensory disturbances are found. You localize the lesion to

Diffuse pain of mild-to-moderate intensity and aching or squeezing quality that is not incapacitating or worsened by head movements;

pain often involves the neck and/or jaw. This symptoms are compatible with:

Which of the following might be the underlying pathophysiology for parkinsonian

symptoms?

A 20-year-old male presents with jaundice. History reveals that he had

jaundice ~9 months ago that was treated conservatively. Physical

examination reveals resting tremor involving all extremities. The tremor

started 3 months before with his right upper limb and has gradually

progressed to involve all limbs. His friends have reported severe mood

changes for him recently. Which of the following might be the underlying defect in this patient?

12-year-old boy is brought to the clinic with the apprehension that he is not gaining weight. His mother reports that he has absolutely no appetite for any food, even for which used to be his favorites. The only event she traces back is aa head injury sustained due to fall from a bike, ~6 months before, following which he was transiently unconscious. No significant neurological deficit was noted at that time, and physical findings are within normal limits at the present time as well. Which of the following, most likely, would have a lesion on an MRI scan for him?

A 48-year-old woman presents with truncal and limb ataxia, and nystagmus.

CT scan reveals evidence of hemorrhage in the left interposed and fastigial

nuclei. Which of the following vessels is most likely involved?

You are discussing with your partners a paragraph that states: "dentate neurons fire just before the onset of volitional movements", what would be the effect if these neurons are inactivated?

23-yo patient who had recently received the diagnosis of cerebellitis, started with nystagmus and he is unable to walk due to "weakness" most notable in the lower extremities, while trying to stand and during walking. You nostalgically remember you spend some nights learning the nuclei of the cerebellum to diagnose this patient at this precise moment. Which is the nuclei concerned with antigravity muscle synergies?

A patient was involved in a vehicle accident that left her unconciouss. You examine her in the ER and see the posture depicted in the image. Which motor tract and related structure have been injured

A 9-month-old boy is brought to the office for a well-child visit. Physical examination reveals eight flat, brown patches, all >5 mm in diameter, in different areas of his body, mainly the trunk. His parents first noticed these patches a few days after he was born. Physical examination is otherwise unremarkable. Which of the following additional findings is associated with this patient’s most likely diagnosis?

A 63-year-old woman presents with left shoulder pain and gait difficulty for the last 1 year. Her husband states that she does not swing her left arm when she walks and has had difficulty using this hand to manipulate buttons. The patient also reports constipation and falling out of bed during vivid dreams for 6 years before the onset of gait difficulty. She denies history of tremor. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is an example of declarative memory?

What is the first step in management of patient presenting w/ a suspected Traumatic Brain Injury?

State the findings seen in the study

Name the structure labelled A

A 65-year-old man with diabetes and poorly controlled hypertension

develops acute-onset right hemiparesis and a partial right facial droop.

The MRI is consistent with a left-sided ischemic stroke. At what level in the nervous system do the majority of the descending fibers of the corticospinal tract decussate to become contralateral?

Together, there are two nuclei that act as the “receiving portion” of the basal ganglia. They are known as the striatum.

38-year-old man is brought into your office by his family because he has

begun to behave somewhat strangely recently. He has been increasingly irritable,

and withdrawn from activities he normally enjoys. Additionally, he has

been having strange fidgeting movements of his hands and fingers nearly all

the time that he did not have in the past. Based on this history and your physical

examination findings, you perform an MRI, which is suggestive of

Huntington disease, a disorder that affects the basal ganglia. With which of the following processes are the basal ganglia most associated?

43-year-old woman describes lancinating pains radiating into the right side of her jaw. This

discomfort has been present for more than 3 years and has started occurring more than once a week. The pain is paroxysmal and routinely triggered by cold stimuli, such as ice cream and cold drinks. She has sought relief with multiple dental procedures and has already had two teeth extracted. Multiple neuroimaging studies reveal no structural lesions in her head. This is the description of a typical:

A 22-year-old woman reports a scotoma progressing across her left visual field over the course of 30 minutes, followed by left hemicranial throbbing pain, nausea, and photophobia. Her brother and mother have similar headaches. Which of the following is present in this patient’s condition but not in common migraine?

A 68-year-old male is sent for diagnostic radiology, which revealed atrophy within the area of the limbic system identified in the marked region of the following MRI-T1 image. Which of the following areas is atrophied in him?

A 58-year-old man presents with deviation of the tongue to the right on attempted protrusion and paralysis of the right lower face. MRI demonstrates a tumor affecting the internal capsule extending to the anterior part of the thalamus. Which of the following might be an associated finding in this patient?

A 66-year-old woman presents with mental retardation, seizures, stupor, and subnormal body temperature. Despite aggressive resuscitative measures, she suddenly collapses in the ER. Postmortem studies revealed hemorrhagic infarct involving the hypothalamus. Involvement of which of the following hypothalamic neurons, most likely, is the cause of death for her?

A 48-year-old man presented to the ER following a fall from the staircase consequent to binge drinking at his house-warming party. The next morning, he was conscious, ataxic, and apathetic. When asked about the previous day’s incident, he would not recall any drinking but had a spontaneous story of how he fell down while lifting weights. He also narrated how he had witnessed the death of his wife in a horrible accident 2 years ago, when, in reality, it was her who had brought him to the ER the previous day. Which of the following might show significant atrophy in a brain MRI for the patient?

A 26-year-old man presents with marked changes in emotional behavior, irritability, impulsivity, and rage. This has occurred a day after hehas regained consciousness following brain surgery for tumor resection. Which of the following structures, connecting medial amygdala to the medial hypothalamus, might have suffered from iatrogenic injury?

Following neurosurgery, a 42-year-old woman cannot stop eating. She

seems to be hungry all the time and her appetite is not satisfied regardless

of the size of her meals. Which of the presented structures might have

suffered from an iatrogenic injury?

Functioning of the hypothalamic nuclei has been related to greater arousal in men, with lesions of these having deleterious effects on copulation for males. Which of the presented structures is sexually dimorphic and is larger in males?