acarbose (Precose)

miglitol (Glyset)

Inhibits DPP-4, an enzyme that breaks incretins. Incretins are hormones secreted by the gastrointestinal system in response to food; they reduce glucagon secretion and increase insulin synthesis and release.

sitagliptin (Januvia)

saxagliptin (Onglyza)

linagliptin (Tradjenta)

Decreases glucose production by liver; increases glucose uptake by muscle.

metformin (Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Riomet, Glumetza)

Stimulate insulin secretion by pancreas and increase insulin receptor sensitivity.

glipizide (Glucotrol)

glimepiride (Amaryl)

glyburide (Micronase, Diabeta, Glynase Prestab)

Mimic natural incretins in the body to (1) stimulate insulin release and (2) reduce glucagon release in response to nutrients in the intestine

exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon)

liraglutide (Victoza)

dulaglutide (Trulicity)

Reduce reabsorption of glucose by kidneys, increasing glucose excretion in urine.

canagliflozin (Invokana)

empagliflozin (Jardiance)

dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

Which medication below would you withhold if the patient is getting a diagnostic test using contrast dye?

Administered as a subcutaneous injection.

Monitor for hypotension, hyperkalemia, urinary tract infection, and vaginal yeast infection

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

Blurred vision

Headache

Lethargy

Abdominal pain

Ketonuria

Coma

Hunger

Sweating

Tremor

Blurred vision

Headache

Irritability

Confusion

Seizures

Coma

Confirm with glucose meter; if patient is at risk, check urine for ketones and increase fluid intake.

Assess for cause, and teach prevention.

Return to prescribed treatment plan if applicable.

Call health care provider (HCP) for medication adjustment if indicated or if blood glucose exceeds 180 mg/dL for 2 days.

Call HCP if patient is ill or vomiting.

Confirm with glucose meter (if able).

Administer 15 g fast-acting carbohydrate.

Recheck glucose in 15 minutes. If needed, re-administer carbohydrate.

Continue cycle of checking glucose and administering fast sugar until condition subsides. If symptoms worsen, call HCP or emergency help.

Administer glucagon subcutaneously or dextrose 50% via intravenous route if ordered.

Assess cause and teach prevention.

Overeating; Stress; Illness; Too little insulin or medication are possible causes of:

Undereating; skipping a meal; Too much insulin or medication; Exercise are possible causes of:

If your patient becomes hypoglycemic, you are ordered to give 15-20 grams of carbohydrates. Which of the following would you choose:

Avoid the temptation to add sugar to orange juice to treat hypoglycemia

Although high in carbs chocolate is a bad choice for patients who are hypoglycemic

Which of the following are foot care tips for diabetics?