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WorksheetsBiology Final Exam Review 4
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 24mins
Giraffes, camels, and horses share some traits, although they vary in other traits. Which statement accurately describes the evolution of these species?
Each species descended from an ancient common ancestor.
All three species evolved from three unrelated ancient ancestors.
Each species evolved uniquely, without any ancestors.
Two of the species descended from the other species.
Wolbachia pipentis is a species of bacteria that infect fruit flies. When the genome of the fruit fly was sequenced, it was found that most of the genome of the bacteria had been integrated into the fruit fly genome.
Describe what has happened between these two organisms.
This passing of genes between organisms of different species is caused by mutations. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation only, if it happens in the cells that produce eggs and sperm.
This passing of genes between organisms of different species is called gene recombination and happens during sexual reproduction. This type of gene transfer has no effect on genetic variation.
This passing of genes between organisms of different species is caused by gene duplications. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation, if the duplicated genes acquire new functions.
This passing of genes between organisms of different species is called lateral gene transfer. This type of gene transfer can increase genetic variation, and therefore diversity.
Which is an example of binomial nomenclature in the Linnaean system of taxonomy?
Felis catus
Kingdom Fungi
Longhorn beetle
phylum Chordata, class Aves
In the Linnaean system of classification, camels are members of the order Artiodactyla and the family Camilidae. Llamas are also members of the family Camilidae. Based on this information, are llamas members of the order Artiodactyla?
Yes, because all family members are classified together in the same order.
No, because every family member is classified into a different order.
Maybe, because some but not all family members are classified in the same order.
Maybe, because families and orders are separate and unrelated taxa.
Byron is observing organisms that are living in a patch of soil. He makes the following claim.
"I have observed 40 individual organisms. They are classified into 3 species, 1 phylum, and 2 kingdoms."
Which is the most accurate evaluation of Byron's statement?
The statement could be accurate because Byron organized the taxa correctly.
The statement cannot be accurate because 40 is much greater than 3 + 1 + 2.
The statement cannot be accurate because one phylum must be grouped into one kingdom.
The statement cannot be accurate because 3 species must be grouped into 3 phyla.
The domain is a relatively new taxonomic category. Which statement best explains why scientists added the domain to the Linnaean classification system?
A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus, while a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus.
The two groups of prokaryotes differ greatly from each other and from eukaryotes.
All prokaryotes are single celled, while many eukaryotes are multicellular.
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
An expert in phylogeny is working to construct a detailed cladogram for modern perissodactyls, a group that includes horses, zebras, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. How is knowledge of paleontology (the study of ancient life) helpful to this expert for completing the cladogram?
The cladogram will show an evolutionary lineage that led to perissodactyls, and it will include many extinct species.
The cladogram will include the ancient ancestor of the perissodactyls and other species that shared its environment.
The cladogram will include only the extinct ancestors of perissodactyls, and not the modern species.
The cladogram will show many possible evolutionary lineages that represent multiple hypotheses, depending on the number of fossils cited.
All mammals have a spine, or backbone, made of vertebrae. Is the trait of a backbone made of vertebrae an example of a derived character in mammals?
Yes, because all mammals have this trait.
Yes, because the trait evolved in a mammal ancestor and was passed to its descendants.
No, because the presence of the trait is not explained by the theory of evolution.
No, because the trait evolved in a vertebrate ancestor and was passed to all vertebrates, and not mammals only.
What best describes the role of genes in evolutionary classification?
Differences in the transcription of genes are used to define clades.
Certain genes are derived characters that can be used to define clades.
The number of genes per organism helps scientists classify species in clades.
Gene comparisons are useful for excluding species from clades, but not for including them.
In the late 19th century, scientists began to classify bacteria based on phenotypic markers, such as the presence or absence of cilia. The distinction of prokaryotes and eukaryotes was introduced in the 1960s, but it wasn't until 1977 that the Archaea were classified as a group separate from Bacteria. Today's scientists use phenotypes, genotypes, and phylogenic trees to determine relationships between organisms in Bacteria and Archaea.
Which of the following best explains why Bacteria and Archaea were not recognized as separate groups until 1977?
Scientists were able to access the extreme environments in which Archaea thrive and were able to obtain better samples to study.
More powerful microscopes were developed, which were needed to identify archaea.
Scientists became able to analyze DNA and derive better understandings of evolutionary relationships.
New species of prokaryotes evolved during these years.
While examining a sample of water under the microscope, Laura noticed two bacteria that appeared to be attached by a narrow tube. What is Laura observing?
The bacteria are undergoing binary fission.
One bacterium is about to engulf and consume the other.
The bacteria are in the process of conjugation.
One bacterium is forming an endospore, and then the other will do so.
A cell is infected by a virus, which injects its DNA into the host cell. The cell then produces messenger RNA (mRNA) from the viral genes. The mRNA produces proteins that destroy the host cell's DNA and turns the cell's molecular machinery to the job of making viral DNA and capsids. What is the name of this process?
a bacteriophage infection
a lytic infection
a prophage infection
a lysogenic infection
Enrique notices a sign saying that flu shots are available in the pharmacy. Enrique says, "I got a flu shot last year. I don't need another one. That shot made me immune to the flu forever."
Which statement is most useful for evaluating Enrique's statement?
Viruses constantly change and evolve, and the new shot will be effective against this year's viruses.
Viruses remain essentially the same from year to year, but a vaccine wears off over time.
Viruses are nonliving, so vaccinations against them have little value.
Viruses are nonliving, so vaccinations against them are especially powerful and long-lasting.
Which of the following plant parts is NOT a part of the leaf?
the stoma
the Casparian strip
the mesophyll
the cuticle
Where on a plant are apical meristems found?
In the centers of stems
at the tips of stems
in the centers of leaves
at the tips of roots
What is the primary function of ground tissue?
It appears both above and below the ground.
It produces and stores sugars.
It produces and transports sugars.
It transports water and nutrients.
Root systems are classified as fibrous root systems and taproot systems. Which property distinguishes the two types of root systems from each other?
the method of water absorption
the branching pattern of the roots
the presence of xylem and phloem
the growth rate of the roots
Which of the following groups include the world's four major food crops?
corn, rice, soybeans, potatoes, carrots
barley, corn, soybeans, hay, rice
peas, barley, rice, corn, wheat
hay, rice, corn, soybeans, wheat
The circulatory system consists of the heart and many blood vessels. Which identifies an example of a tissue that is part of the circulatory system?
the heart
a capillary in the lung and adjacent alveoli, which are parts of the lung
a group of muscle cells in the heart that work together
the set of all of the capillaries in the lungs
Organ systems of the human body include the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, along with several others. What best describes the relationships among these systems?
Each system functions independently of the other systems.
Each system depends on the function of one or two other systems at the most.
Each system generally depends on the functions of a few other systems, but sometimes functions independently.
Each system depends on the functions of the other systems, and could never function independently.
As food passes through the digestive system, where and how does chemical digestion begin?
in the mouth, where teeth act to cut or mash food pieces
in the mouth, where saliva acts to break apart food molecules
in the esophagus, where muscles act to churn food back and forth
in the stomach, where strong acids act to break apart proteins
Georgia is developing a diagram as a model of the excretory system. The diagram shows her first attempt at this model.
Georgia wants to revise the diagram to show how urine enters the system. Which revision would be MOST USEFUL for her to include?
Draw a duct, similar to a ureter, from the liver to the kidneys.
Draw thin blood vessels along the outside of the urinary bladder.
Draw thin blood vessels coursing through the kidneys.
Draw thick blood vessels from the kidneys, along the ureters, and into the urinary bladder.
When a person breathes, the nose and mouth take in oxygen-rich air, and they expel oxygen-poor air. Which statement explains the change in oxygen concentration of the inspired air?
The oxygen concentration decreases gradually as it passes through all organs of the respiratory system.
The oxygen concentration decreases gradually as it passes through all the airways of the lungs.
The oxygen concentration decreases quickly in the nose and mouth, and then remains constant as it passes through other organs of the respiratory system.
The oxygen concentration decreases only when the air reaches the alveoli, which are the terminal branches of the respiratory system.
Walter is comparing samples of muscle tissue that are taken from the body of a mouse. Which pair of sample muscle tissues can be expected to be most similar to each other?
tissue from heart muscle, and tissue from a neck muscle
tissue from a muscle that lines the small intestine, and tissue from heart muscle
tissue from a muscle that lines the stomach, and tissue from a muscle in the front leg
tissue from a muscle in the rear leg, and tissue from a muscle in the neck
Endocrine glands release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to regulate the actions of the kidneys. What pathway does the hormone follow?
Endocrine gland → kidneys
Endocrine gland → nerves → kidneys
Endocrine gland → blood → kidneys
Endocrine gland → blood → nerves → kidneys
