Which of the following European countries has a rather sharp division between Flemish speakers in the north and French speakers in the south?

While speakers of the English language form the largest share of Internet users, both the Chinese language and the _____ language have more speakers globally.

The French government has _____ to protect French language and culture.

Hawai’i is an example of state with

Which is NOT true of Quebec?

A(n) ____ is published, widely distributed, and purposely taught. The promotion of Irish (Celtic) in Ireland is an example.

Dialects are distinguished by differences in

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called

The most widely distributed language family is ______

The most widely used Indo-European language today is

Latin octo (eight) became Italian otto, Spanish ocho, and French huit. This is an example of a ______, which is a word that has the same linguistic derivation as another word.

The process of language divergence happened long ago between Spanish and Portuguese, and is now happening in

The language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends. These represent

The Proto-Indo-European language homeland lies somewhere south of the

The two theories of the Proto-Indo-European language dispersal are the conquest theory and

Nigeria predominantly teaches in ___ in many primary and secondary schools despite its linguistic diversity.

Which development helped with the rise of national languages beginning in the fourteenth century?

A language that is used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce is

English is to lingua franca as _____ is to pidgin language.

Over time a pidgin language may gain native speakers, becoming the first language children learn in the home. This is called a

The adoption of official languages such as English in India and Malaysia, along with the adoption of second official languages from among the indigenous languages spoken reflects

In practice, every country is___, meaning more that more than one language is spoken.

To deal with linguistic as well as cultural diversity, many former African colonies adopted an official language from

The systematic study of the origin and meaning of place names is called

Clusters of French toponyms in Louisiana, Dutch toponyms in Michigan and Welsh toponyms in Pennsylvania reflect

Leopoldville, Congo becomes Kinshasa and Salisbury, Zimbabwe becomes Harare. These are examples of

The greatest concentration of streets memorializing Martin Luther King is found in:

The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations (e.g., Petco Park, FedEx Field, Coors Field) is an example of

When African colonies became independent countries, one of the first acts of many of the new governments was to

The Yellow River, or Huang He River Valley, is to Chinese Philosophy as the Indus River Valley is to

Political conflicts often occur along ____ boundaries such as the Christian-Muslim boundary in Africa.

The roots of Hinduism are in the Indus River Valley of what is today part of

The belief that inanimate objects (e.g. trees, mountains, boulders) contain spirits is

Which of the following is not generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?

The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is

Islam is predominant in northern ____, while traditional religions are found more in the southern parts of the continent.

Hinduism arose in the _____ River valley.

One of the unique characteristics of Hinduism is that it

One of the unique characteristics of Hinduism is that it

The Indonesian island of Bali became a refuge for Hindu holy men, nobles and intellectuals during the sixteenth century because

Hinduism has not spread by expansion diffusion in modern times, but at one time it did spread by relocation diffusion as a result of

Buddhism has its source in

The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, who came to be known as the Buddha (enlightened one) was perhaps the first prominent Indian religious leader to

The teachings of Lao-Tsu form the tenants of

The Confucian Classics were the 13 texts that were the focus of education for 2,000 years in

The diaspora of the Jews resulted from

The ideology of Zionism has as its goal

The denomination of Christianity with the largest number of adherents is

Roman Catholic Christianity was spread to Middle and South America by

The youngest major religion is

The Hajj, one of the “pillars of Islam,” is

The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found in

The Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem marks the site of Christ’s

Jerusalem is a sacred place for

The pagoda is the style of building most often associated with

Which is NOT a feature of Islamic sacred architecture?

Which is an example of an intrafaith (boundary) conflict?

In 2007, Israel granted autonomy to

Northern Ireland, scene of Catholic-Protestant conflict, was partitioned by

The extremist group ____ operates in Nigeria.

_____ refers to the indifference or rejection of formal religion.

Pork production is slim to nearly none in ____ countries.

Most ____ states gained independence after 1940.

At the global scale, political geographers study the spatial manifestations of political processes expressed in the organization of territories with permanent population, defined territory and a government. These spatial units are called

The Peace of Westphalia _____

The Peace of Westphalia is the seminal moment in the emergence of the European state. This marked the end of

The promotion of the acquisition of wealth through plunder, colonization, and the protection of home industries and foreign markets during Europe’s rebirth was called

Though more than two million _____ live in the Gaza Strip and West Bank, the international community does not universally recognize their lands as a state.

Kurdistan _____

Yugoslavia was a prime example of a

Which is an example of a stateless nation?

The European state idea spread throughout the world through

One of the most powerful impacts of colonialism was the construction of global order characterized by great differences in

The highly uneven distribution of economic and political power that developed from colonialism was due to the concentration of wealth brought to

Wallerstein’s views expressed in world systems theory hold that the global integrating force has been

The boundaries of independent African states were drawn at the Berlin Conference and were essentially drawn

Which is not characteristic of unitary state governments?

Nigeria is a state with a federal system of government. This fact is reflected in the adoption of ____ law in the states of the Muslim North.

The movement of power from the central government to regional governments is referred to as

Which country has experienced violent devolution?

In 1997 Scotland took a major devolutionary step with the establishment of

Distance, remoteness and marginal location enhance the potential for devolution. This form of devolution is referred to as

The process of adjustment of the number of representatives in the U.S. House of Representatives to reflect shifts in population patterns is known as

A series of concrete pillars _____ the northern boundary of Kuwait with Iraq.

A boundary between countries is a

The boundary between the United States and Canada west of the Great Lakes is an example of a(n)

Which is an example of an allocational boundary dispute?

Geometric boundaries, totally unrelated to any aspects of the cultural or physical landscape, were made considerable use of by the colonial powers in

The first political geographer who studied the state in detail was Friedrich Ratzel. He postulated that the state resembles a biological organism. His organic theory identified _____ as a state’s essential life-giving force.

Ratzel’s organic theory was converted into a subfield of political geography called geopolitics which was subsequently translated into practical national policies by some of his students. What country used geopolitics as a philosophy of expansion?

Sir Halford Mackinder developed what would become known as the heartland theory, which suggested that interior Eurasia contained a critical “pivot area” that would generate a state capable of challenging for world domination. The key to the area, according to Mackinder, was

In 1943, Mackinder wrote about his concerns over the potential of Stalin’s control of the countries of eastern Europe. His views led to the development of the United States’ containment policy and to the establishment of

Technically supranationalism refers to efforts by ____ or more states to forge associations for common advantage and in pursuit of common goals.

The League of Nations was created in 1919 as the first international organization that would include all nations of the world. Its success was dealt a serious blow by the failure of which country to join?

Participation in the United Nations serves the useful purpose of committing states to

The United Nations is not a world government, but in recent years individual states have asked the United Nations to do several different things, including

The first major experiment in regional supranationalism was undertaken in Europe before the end of World War II and involved

The Marshall Plan was a post-WWII endeavor by the United States to economically revive

Listed among the challenges to the state in the twenty-first century are all the following except

Which of the following is NOT a supranational organization?

The layout of the city, including the sizes and shapes of buildings and the pathways of infrastructure, is referred to as

The very early agricultural villages were

In which of the following hearths did urbanization develop first?

Rome created a huge urban system. The integration of the Roman Empire was greatly facilitated by a(n)

The relative location of a city refers to its

In a model urban hierarchy, the population of a city, town or village is inversely proportional to its rank in the system (i.e. if the largest city is 4 million the second will be 2 million or 1/2, the third will be 1/3 and so on). This is known as

A hinterland reveals the _____ of each settlement.

Paris and Mexico City are many times larger than the second-ranked city in their respective countries. Their disproportionate size illustrates

An example of a ____ in a former colony is Mexico City.

In Burgess' concentric zone model, the zone of transition became

The multiple nuclei model of urban structure developed by Harris and Ullman arose from the idea that _____ was losing its dominant position in the metropolitan city.

The core of a city is called the

_____ was coined to describe a complex urban area, like Los Angeles or Toronto, where functions of the city are not centered in one place.

In Latin America, which of the following does NOT accurately describe the typical CBD?

In the Latin American city, where are the homes of the most impoverished and unskilled residents?

A structural element of many Latin American cities, the disamenity sector, is illustrated by the

Most African central cities have how many CBDs?

The focal point of the Southeast Asian city is the

The huge influx of population from rural to urban regions of the world in peripheral or semiperipheral areas finds housing in

Cities in the periphery often have unregulated growth and mixed land use, where a factory may be located next to a primary school, because of

Segregation in the US was reinforced by the financial practice known as

_____ refers to a practice where realtors would solicit white residents of the neighborhood to sell their homes under the guise that the neighborhood was going downhill because a black person or family had moved in.

In cities of the global core, the renewal or rebuilding of lower income neighborhoods into middle to upper class neighborhoods is called

The decline in density and the spread of cities associated with the building of freeways in the second half of the twentieth century has been pejoratively referred to as

Noted geographer, David Harvey, is one of the strongest critics of _____. He argued that this movement privatized public space and resulted in the loss of character of neighborhoods.

Gated communities have _____ as their chief objective.

Many cities have transformed their urban areas in response to global geopolitical events, including terrorist attacks. The term _____ highlights the impact of global events on the character of cities.

As nodes of interaction, world-cities act as forces shaping

The two Alpha++ world cities that are the most important nodes in the world economy are:

A megacity is a large city with a population of over

_____ are centers of entrepreneurship where residents of slums sew clothing, build products, and provide services.

The _____ is not taxed and is not counted toward a country’s gross national income (GNI).

______ processes in the commodity chain involve technology, education, research and development, and high wages.

Which of the following is NOT associated with core production processes?

The word "development" implies

Modern ideas of development are related to

_____ measures the total value of goods and services produced by a country’s corporations and individuals both inside and outside of the country.

Gross Domestic Product measures only

Which of the following country’s efforts to promote education, by providing financial incentive to families to enroll and send their children to school, has had the most success?

Which does NOT make up a portion of Colombia’s GNI?

Each of the following is included as one of the Sustainable Development Goals except:

High levels of development can be determined by measurement of access to railways, roads, airline connections, telephones, radio and television, etc. These are collectively referred to as

The overall dependency ratio measures

Which is NOT among the five stages of Rostow’s development model?

Rostow’s model, developed in the early 1960s, was based upon the experience of

Even if the Gross National Product (GNP) index is used to measure the well-being of a country, it will fail to show

The principal structuralist alternative to Rostow’s model of economic development is known as

The continuation of colonial relationships even after political independence is referred to as

Theories which hold that economic disparities are built into the global economic system are referred to as

El Salvador abandoned its currency, the Colon, in favor of the U.S. dollar. This process is referred to as

Wallerstein’s three-tier regionalization of the world includes all of the following EXCEPT

Countries in which tier of Wallerstein’s world-systems model typically have both low levels of HDI and also high younger-person dependency ratios?

The _____ of the United Nations are aimed at improving the conditions of the people with the lowest standard of living.

The extreme soil erosion in arid and semiarid areas leading to the expansion of deserts, called desertification, is caused by:

Mexico has established export processing zones with special tax, trade and regulatory arrangements for foreign firms. This phenomena is referred to as

Human patterns of use as well as _____ contribute to desertification in Africa.

In peripheral countries it is not unusual for hotels in tourist areas to be owned by

The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the United States, with 80% unemployment and per capita income under $8,000, illustrates _____ within a core area country.

Core area agriculture is characterized by

When a government or company builds up and concentrates economic development in a particular city of small region, geographers call that place

Microcredit programs have been successful in many places with the exception of

_____ give loans to poor people, preferably women, to encourage development of small businesses.

Genetic engineering now allows the growing of new strains of soybeans in more arid regions of the Plains States to meet the demand of the _____ industry.

Organic food is found in _____ areas.

Grains, other plant life, vegetable oils, and animal fats can be converted into fuel, either _____ or biodiesel.

Which is NOT an example of a primary economic activity?

The ratio of percent of labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada (3% of labor force: 2.3% of GDP) indicates that Canada’s agricultural sector is _____ intensive.

Hunter-gatherers living in the vicinity of the Pacific Ocean specialized in

Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (First Agricultural Revolution) occurred in

A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods of crop production is

Shifting cultivation involves the _____ method of clearing fields.

In areas of shifting cultivation the population

Colonial powers would make subsistence farmers

Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen’s model?

In von Thunen’s model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because

By 1992, the most widely grown crop variety on Earth was a product of the Green Revolution called IR36, which was a variety of

In the 1940s, American philanthropists funded research on this crop. By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production had risen dramatically. The crop is:

The rectangular land division scheme in the United States adopted after the American Revolution is quite unique. Its correct name is:

The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world’s agricultural areas is

The form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that are reminders of a turbulent past is

_____ patterns have a profound impact on what can be grown where.

An example of a luxury crop is

In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by

The functional differentiation of buildings in farm villages world-wide is greatest in

Poorer countries, producing such cash crops as sugar, ____

Nearly ____ percent of long-distance cargo is now shipped in standard containers

The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was

British investors and businesses held a near monopoly over

In Britain, the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry?

Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved, as in Britain, the locational criteria: coalfields, water, communication, and

Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations. Which of the following is not an example of such a region?

The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by

_____ are considered secondary industrial hearths.

The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as

Which cost of Weber’s has changed the most today since his writing?

If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called

_____ involves keeping a small inventory for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly as needed.

Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with _____ as a locational factor.

New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because

In which country does industry not lie near sources of raw material?

The largest producer of furniture in the world is located in

Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as:

Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as:

The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is

Television research and design takes place in the

During the 1970s, U.S. television manufacturers began to move productions “offshore” to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called

Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of

Service industries include _____ industries.

Fayetteville, Arkansas has become a ______ because of Wal-Mart.

Technopoles tend to locate near