Reasons for European Colonization

What is economic gain?

Why were the most powerful European countries competing for colonies?

Colonists were expected to sell their raw materials (tobacco, rice, fur, and fish) at low prices to Britain and buy British manufactured goods (glass, paper, tea) which were more expensive in order to benefit the “Mother Country.” What is this unfair trade called?

New England Colonies (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut) had what?

Middle Colonies (Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Delaware) had what?

Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) had what?

What were the 3 colonial regions

The first permanent and successful English settlement in North America.

Written by Pilgrims aboard the ship Mayflower, established their own self-government and laws

Signed in 1215 by King John of England, was the first document that limited power of the ruler and established the principles of trial by jury and one could not be deprived of life, liberty and property

Drafted by the settlers in the Connecticut River colony in 1639, was the first written constitution in the colonies establishing a democratic government controlled by citizens

Established in 1619, was the first representative assembly (group) in the American colonies. Famous delegates included Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington.

What were the causes of the Revolutionary War? (Why did it happen) - More than one answer

What is the Proclamation of 1763

The Boston Massacre....

A series of laws passed by Parliament to punish the people of Boston and Massachusetts and bring the colonists under control

Americans who supported Great Britain during the revolution

Americans who favored independence from Great Britain during the revolution

Lexington and Concord

Battle of Saratoga in New York was the turning point of the American Revolution...how?

The British are defeated at Yorktown, Virginia by George Washington’s troops, signaling the end of the American Revolution. What officially ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation.

Essays written to encourage ratification of the constitution. The authors include Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.

First form of government established by the 13states. Replaced by the US Constitution because it created a weak form of central government.

Introduced a method for admitting new states from these territories. (No slavery allowed in the Northwest Territory, encouraged public education.)

Weakness of the Articles of Confederation

Compromise between the big (Virginia Plan) and small (New Jersey Plan) states over representation in Congress. Created a bicameral (two-house) Congress –the Senate and the House of Representatives. The number of members in the Senate is equal for all states (2), and the number of representatives in the House is proportional(dependent on the size) to a state’s population.

Compromise between northern and southern states over how slaves would be counted in determining a state’s population. Three out of every five slaves would be counted

Wanted the Constitution ratified

Opposed ratification without a Bill of Rights added.

How many principles of the constitution are there and what are they?

Divides the powers of government into 3 branches. (Legislative Branch – makes the laws; Executive Branch – executes the laws; Judicial Branch – interprets the laws)

Makes sure no branch of the government becomes too powerful. Example: The President can veto a bill, Congress can impeach a president, and the Supreme Court can rule a law unconstitutional.

Power is shared between the states and national government.

The power of the government is restricted by the U.S. Constitution. (“No one is above the law.”)

A system where people vote for elected representatives to run the government.

The people hold the ultimate power. (“We the people...”)

1st ten amendments to the Constitution which protect rights and liberties

Freedom of speech, religion and press; right to assemble; right to petition

Right to bear arms.

No quartering of troops during peace time.

No unlawful search and seizure.

Right to Due Process, no double jeopardy, do not have to testify against yourself

The right to a fast and public trial, right to have a lawyer.

Trial by jury in civil cases.

No cruel or unusual punishment.

Rights reserved to the people.

Powers reserved to the states

Washington’s Farewell Address

Judicial Review (Marbury v. Madison)

Elastic clause (McCulloch vs. Maryland)

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Great Britain had been seizing American ships, kidnapping American sailors, and helping Natives against the U.S. government. This led to the outbreak of war between the United States and Great Britain. The war ended in 1815without an obvious winner. The war led to the Industrial Revolution in America, and less dependence on foreign manufactured goods.

Andrew Jackson wins the battle of New Orleans, a new spirit of unity ,patriotism, and nationalism spreads throughout the U.S., leads to

President James Monroe issued this doctrine declaring the Western Hemisphere off-limits to further colonization by European powers.

The........removed seeds from cotton, a task that had previously been done by hand. Eli Whitney invented the........in the 1790s.This led to a rise in the demand for slavery.

Factories that produced cloth

Parts that could be substituted for one another in the manufacturing process. This reduced the amount of time it took to produce goods, making them cheaper. Eli Whitney developed.........in the early 1800s

Powered by steam engines, increased the speed of river travel, decreasing the cost. Robert Fulton developed the first practical.......in 1807

Early form of electronic communication, allowed people to communicate rapidly across long distances. Samuel Morse built the first U.S. system in the 1840s.

Industrialization: (more than one answer)

Economic system where people are free to produce and sell whatever they wish, they go into business to make a profit, prices are set by supply and demand

Created a water route between New York City and Buffalo New York. The canal opened the upper Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to settlement and trade This canal linked farmers to northern manufacturing sites

Railroad construction increased between 1830 and the 1850s. The improvement in rail travel led to a decline in the use of canals. Railroads linked the nation from the east to west coast. Many Chinese and Irish immigrants completed construction

The belief that America had the God-given right to expand across the continent from “sea to shining sea”

Contributed to westward expansion (spread of cotton and wheat farming, advances in transportation, and the California Gold Rush -1849)

The act called for Native Americans living in the southeastern United States to be moved west of the Mississippi River. The most well-known incident of removal is known as the Trail of Tears, which was the forced removal of the Cherokee Indians in 1838 and 1839. Thousands of them died during the forced march.

War began in 1846 and was caused by the annexation of Texas. The war ended in 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The United States was granted a large portion of northern Mexico, which was known as the Mexican Cession. This region makes up most of the western part of the United States.

In the mid-1800’s people came to the U.S. from Britain, Ireland, Germany, the Scandinavian nations and China for various reasons. What are the forces that pushed people out of their native land and pulled them toward new places.

Worked to abolish (end) slavery in the United States. Drew attention to the horrors of slavery. Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, caused many Americans to call for an end to slavery.

Goal was to get people to stop drinking alcohol (reform movement)

Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. They worked to get equal rights and vote. First meeting at the Seneca Falls Convention. Wrote Declaration of Sentiments “All men and women are created equal”

Led by Horace Mann, in order to get more and better public schools so every child in America could get an education

Reform: Dorothea Dix worked to improve prisons and the treatment of mental health patients

To get better working conditions, better pay, and limits on working hours

Like the 1st Great Awakening the.......was a revival of strong religious feelings in America.

To focus more on the spiritual and not the material world.

In 1832, the U.S. Congress placed a tariff on manufactured goods. This benefited U.S manufacturers in the northeast but increased prices for consumers in other parts of the country. Southerners, led by John C. Calhoun felt that the tariff was unfair because there was very little manufacturing in the South and called it the “Tariff of Abominations”. South Carolina nullified or voided the tariff saying that it would secede from, or leave, the Union. President Andrew Jackson threatened to send troops to South Carolina to enforce the tariff. Compromise was reached with the help of Henry Clay (“The Great Compromiser”) Congress reduced the tariff and South Carolina backed down

Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state despite basically being in the North. Henry Clay (“The Great Compromiser”) made a compromise in which slavery was forbidden in the Louisiana Territory north of the “Missouri Compromise Line” except for in Missouri. Missouri entered in as a slave state and Maine entered in as a free state keeping the balance between slave and free states.

California applied for admission to the Union. Henry Clay (“The Great Compromiser”) came up with a compromise to keep the balance between slave and free-states. A. California would enter the union as a Free State, but New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada would decide at a later date whether to allow slavery. B. The Fugitive Slave Law- requiring the Northern states to return runaway slaves

1854 Southern states refused to admit Nebraska as a new state. To break the deadlock, Congress passed a law allowing settlers in Nebraska and Kansas to decide by popular sovereignty where they wanted slavery. “Bleeding Kansas” was the bloodshed between those who favored slavery and opposed slavery.

Dred Scott had previously lived in a free Northern territory, he believed that this made him free. When he was brought back to a slave state, he sued his owner for his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property and could not bring cases to the Supreme Court, and as property he could be taken anywhere and still be a slave, even in a free state. This led to the writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, bringing more Northerners to the Abolitionist movement.

Causes of the Civil War

Begins the Civil War; first battle of the Civil War, which took place on April 12, 1861.

Bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War, 25,000 wounded/dead,close victory for the North, ended Lee’s attempt at winning in Maryland

Document by Lincoln, declaring that all of the slaves in the South were free in territories under rebellion

Turning point of the war, ends Lee’s attempt at winning in northern territory.

Speech given by Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg. We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

victory by Grant gives the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.

Results of the Civil War (more than one answer)

The period after the Civil War in the US when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union.

The 13th, 14th,and 15th Amendments established.....

10th amendment was created as part of the Bill of Rights was intended to.......

An analysis of the federal-state relationship in U.S. history indicates that these levels of government have...