Timelines and Dates

A.D. is translated in English to...

Timelines and Dates

B.C. means...

Timelines and Dates

CE stands for...

Timelines and Dates

BCE means...

Timelines and Dates

AD is the same as...

Timelines and Dates

BC is the same as...

Timelines and Dates

To find the amount of time between two dates with the same label, such as AD, you...

Timelines and Dates

To find the amount of time between two dates with different labels, such as BC and AD, you...

Timelines and Dates

Prehistory refers to the time before the invention of ______ around 3500 BCE.

Timelines and Dates

After prehistory, is ______History.

Timelines and Dates

Ancient History ends around 500 AD with the fall of ________.

Timelines and Dates

The next 1000 year period after Ancient History is called the _______ Ages.

Timelines and Dates

The Middle Ages are also known as the _______ Period.

Timelines and Dates

The Middle Ages come to an end around 1500 AD with the beginning of the Age of ________________.

Primary and Secondary Sources

A ________ source is a source that was made at the time of the event.

Primary and Secondary Sources

Some examples of primary sources are...

Primary and Secondary Sources

Anything made by a human being is...

Primary and Secondary Sources

Secondary sources are made ...

Primary and Secondary Sources

An example of a secondary source is...

Primary and Secondary Sources

An advantage of secondary sources is that they analyze and are based on many...

Primary and Secondary Sources

When historians examine primary sources, they _____ or draw conclusions from them.

The Stone Ages

The prehistoric period is divided into the _________ (Old Stone Age) and _______ (New Stone Age) periods.

The Stone Ages

Tools during the Prehistoric period were made of...

The Stone Ages

In the Old Stone Age, the primary concern for humans was finding enough ______ to survive.

The Stone Ages

Humans obtained food during the Old Stone Age by...

The Stone Ages

People who move from place to place in their search for food are...

The Stone Ages

During the Old Stone Age humans mastered the use of _______ for warmth and defense, and making _____ from animal skins, which helped them survive in areas impacted by the Ice Age.

The Stone Ages

The New Stone Age begins when people settle in one spot and begin to ______ to obtain food.

The Stone Ages

During the New Stone Age, people built permanent shelters from mud ______, used plant fibers to make _____ (instead of just using animal skins), and began to make specialized shrines to practice their ______.

The Birth of Civilization

As farming techniques improved, people produced a ______ of food (more than you need).

The Birth of Civilization

A big improvement was the invention of _____ to bring water to fields, and the construction of dams and ____ to control flooding.

The Birth of Civilization

Extra food allowed some people to quit farming and do other tasks. These people are called ________ laborers. They could develop and perfect new skills.

The Birth of Civilization

Once groups had specialized laborers, a complex society could develop, that we call a(n)...

The Birth of Civilization

Civilizations are defined as having a stable ____ supply, a system of _______ to make and enforce laws, a well-defined set of _____ beliefs, ____ language, improvements in ______, such as the wheel, and development of the ______, such as literature, sculpture and music.

The Birth of Civilization

Early civilizations grew up next to _______.

The Birth of Civilization

Rivers provided _____ for fields that was left behind during the annual floods, and a source of water for _____ crops.

The Birth of Civilization

The earliest civilization was Sumer, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (known as______________)

The Birth of Civilization

Sumerians developed technology such as the ____for chariots, ________ to turn the soil in fields, and the first written language known as ______.

The Birth of Civilization

Hammurabi would create the first ______ code of _____.

Egypt

The focus of Egyptian civilization was the ___________. Without it, Egypt would not exist.

Egypt

The Nile River provided fertile ____, water for ______ fields, fish, _______ for paper and other natural resources.

Egypt

Egypt had a social pyramid, in which the _____ was at the top. He passed his power to his son, which is called ______.

Egypt

Lower down the social structure pyramid were ____, who could read and write in hieroglyphics. Next were _____, which included skilled craftsmen such as potters, toolmakers, and metalworkers. At the bottom were the ______ in the fields.

China

China is a vast land ringed in by mountains and deserts. The main rivers are the ______ River and ______ River.

China

Despite its large population, China actually has very little ____ in which to produce food.

China

Chinese civilization is known for its invention of things like tea, rice, the fabric ___, _______ for fireworks and weapons, the ____ to help ships navigate, _____ (inserting needles in the skin) to treat illness, porcelain, ____ on which to write, and ___________ exams to determine who would be hired for government positions.

China

Chinese ideas and inventions would spread to the rest of the world thanks to the _________, which was a series of _____ routes connecting East and West.

China

The process of spreading elements of culture is known as cultural....

China

Chinese philosophy developed several important ideas. One was that they believed dynasties (a series of rulers from the same ________) rose and fell based on being given the __________ from a higher power.

China

During the Period of Warring States, China attempted to answer the question of what made a good ruler. Three philosophies developed. The oldest is Confucianism. It is based on the idea of filial ________, or respect for elders and superiors.

China

In Confucianism, people would learn proper behavior from the example set by a superior in four key _________.

China

Another idea was Daoism, which stated that everything in life, like Yin and Yang, and good and evil, must be in ______. Daoism stressed imitating the natural world.

China

The final philosophy, which stressed harsh punishments and strict rules, was _______.

GREECE

Greece was shaped by geography. It is mountainous, and had little _____ for growing food.

GREECE

As a result of being physically separated from natural barriers, independent _________, such as Athens, Sparta, and Corinth, developed.

GREECE

Greeks constantly fought over territory. The geographic feature that shaped Greek culture the most was the ____________, as they became master ship-builders and traders throughout the Mediterranean.

Greece

To make up for the lack of resources, the Greeks started ______ in foreign lands.

Greece

The Greeks developed several types of government. ____________ is ruled by a single person who passed power through heredity.

GREECE

__________ is ruled by a small group of people, usually wealthy aristocrats.

GREECE

________ is ruled by a single person, typically a military leader, who seizes power by force.

GREECE

_________ is ruled by the citizens, who vote to make decisions.

GREECE

In democratic Greek city-states, citizens over the age of _____ had the right to vote or participate in government.

GREECE

In Athens, citizens were chosen to serve on the Council of 500 by ______.

GREECE

The biggest rivals in Greece were Athens and Sparta. They had very different views. For example, boys in Athens learned _____, while Spartan boys learned _____.

Greece

The Greeks united during the _______Wars.

GREECE

The Persian Wars started when King Xerxes invaded Greece to get revenge against Athens for encouraging a rebellion by a Greek _______ (a settlement in a foreign land) in Asia.

Greece

The major battles of the Persian Wars, in order, were _______, ________, _______, and __________

ROME

Rome sat on the ____ River

ROME

Rome had a good location because the river allowed access to the __________ Sea and fresh water in Rome’s early days (before it became polluted by the growing city!)

ROME

To the north of Rome lay the mountains called the _____, which would slow invaders coming into Italy. As it expanded, Romans built more cities throughout Europe.

Rome

Each Roman city had a forum at its center, _______ to bring in water, and _______ for plays.

Rome

The Romans left behind an impressive legacy. They invented _____ which allowed them to build quickly in any shape, paved _______ to connect the empire, and _____ to bring water to cities.

Rome

Rome had two social classes. _________ were the wealthy landowners. _____________ were the common farmers, shopkeepers and laborers.

ROME

In the Conflict of Orders, Plebeians won several rights. The Citizens’ ______ was established to approve laws, ___________ could veto laws that hurt the Plebs, and laws had to be written down on the __________. This helped prevent patricians from abusing their power.

Rome

Rome’s government for the first half of its history was a........

ROME

A republic is a government of elected ________.

ROME

The Roman republic government had two ______ who commanded the army and managed the city.

Rome

A special office of _____________ was elected in times of emergency.

ROME

Unlike Greek dictators, Roman dictators serve only _____ months. Like a Greek dictator, a Roman dictator had full authority over all issues for his term.

ROME

In Rome, the _______ was made up of 300 members.

ROME

The Senate could _______ laws, set taxes, and decide how money should be spent.

ROME

Roman government tried to limit the power of those who served in it. Tribunes could ______ laws and the two ________ had to agree on all decisions.

Rome

Limiting the power of government is called _______________________.

Rome

Rome expanded greatly after the Punic Wars. In this conflict, Rome fought ________ for control of the ____________ Sea.

Rome

Rome controlled its territory by having its soldiers build _______ to connect new towns and cities.

Rome

Roads allowed for increased ______ and let _______ move quickly in times of trouble.

Rome

The Roman Republic fell and the Roman Empire began with the assassination of....

ROME

Senators, led by _______, killed Julius Caesar to "save the republic."

ROME

_______________ would become the first Emperor of the new Roman ______.

Rome

With Augustus Caesar, Rome would enter a 200 year period of peace and prosperity known as the "_____________” (meaning the ‘Peace of Rome’).

ROME

The Roman Empire would last almost 450 years. It would fall due to problems such as inflation, the high cost of defending the empire, _________ due to a lack of a clear way to choose a(n) _______, and barbarian invasions.