Constituents of living organisms are organized in several levels of increasing complexity

Atoms are organized into cells

cells ⇒ tissues ⇒organs ⇒systems ⇒organism

In life’s hierarchy of the organization, no new properties emerge at each level

Life’s levels of organization define the scope of biology

Life emerges through organization of various levels

With addition of each new level, novel properties emerge called

themes in the study of biology define by the hierarchy of life

The upper tier is a global perspective of life

all the environments (ecosystems) on Earth that support life

An ecosystem is group the organisms (communities) living in a wide area

all the organisms (communities) living in a particular area

Community the group of organisms (same populations) living in a particular area

all the individuals of a species only interbreed with each other within a specific area

The middle tier is characterized by the organism, a group of living things

have specific functions; are composed of organs

provide specific functions for the organism

made of groups of similar cells

Tissues made of groups of different cells

Life emerges at the level of the cell

clusters of atoms

membrane-bound structures with specific functions

living entities distinguished from their environment by a membrane