WorksheetsFinal Examination in Agri 2 Eco Agri
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 22mins
A production system that sustains the health of soils, ecosystems, and people.
(a)
The beginnings of organic agriculture may be traced as far back as
1920's
1840
1924
1939
IFOAM (2005) states that organic agriculture combines the following except for
Tradition
Innovation
Science
Politics
For farmers wanting to demonstrate the organic quality of their production to their buyers, this standard certifies producers based on the active participation of producers and consumers in the guarantee process.
TPC
ICS
PGS
EU
Organic farming principle that has a limited environmental impact because it encourages the following except for
The responsible use of energy and natural resources
The maintenance of biodiversity
Preservation of regional ecological balances
Minimizing the use of external inputs into the farm system
Which of the following specific is considered as a challenge relating to organic farming?
many changes may only be observable in the long term
this approach is more labor-intensive and provides less output than high external input alternatives.
require an initial investment into the required redesign of the agroecosystem
involving additional crops for diversification
In terms of sustainability , organic farming seeks to
empowering smallholders and local communities
minimize the use of synthetic and chemical inputs
secure environmental benefits
focus on nature and its community-led applications
Characteristic of organic agriculture that focuses on diversification of species, breeds, or varieties
Use of compost
Pesticide use
Animal-plant integration
Minimal tillage
Characteristic of organic agriculture that focuses on maintenance or establishment of seminatural habitats.
cover crops
green manure
companion crops
grass strips
An approach referring to a set of agronomic practices that aim to reduce the use of inputs from outside the production system.
(a)
Further economic and social principles of LEIA include
The responsible use of energy and natural resources
The maintenance of biodiversity
Sustained farmer livelihood systems
Preservation of regional ecological balances
Key LEIA practices include
Prohibition of the use of GMOs
Limiting herbicide, fungicide, and insecticide use to increase the potential for biological control
Forbidding the use of ionizing radiation
Prohibiting the use of hormones and restricting the use of antibiotics
Specific challenges for LEIA, according to FAO (2019) that
this approach is more labor-intensive and provides less output than high external input alternatives
may lead to difficulties de-compacting the plow layer of soil, lower water infiltration, and hindered plant and root growth
commercial scalability
it has a strong spiritual side
Consist of practices that regenerate soil, reducing but not necessarily eliminating synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, and going beyond the reduction of negative effects towards ensuring that agriculture has a positive effect on the environment.
(a)
Principle underpinning regenerative agriculture
Observe and interact
Apply self-regulation and accept feedback
Minimize or eliminate agrochemicals
Use edges and value the marginal
How can we perform regenerative agricultural practice?
Building biological ecosystem diversity through composting
Use and value renewable resources and services
Integrate rather than segregate
Design from patterns to details
How can there be an opportunity in regenerative agriculture?
areas with an abundance of organic material and labor may better be able to utilize compost as a means to maintain soil fertility
a relatively well-known approach
the need and costs for external inputs such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides will be reduced
it has a strong spiritual side, caters to a niche market, and requires its own training and quality mark.
A system of design based on whole-systems thinking and informed by a set of principles that serve to help farmers mimic the patterns and relationships found in nature.
(a)
Who stated that “Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single product system?”
(a)
who shared the thoughts that "Permaculture…is the conscious design and maintenance of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity and resilience of natural ecosystems. It is the harmonious integration of landscape and people providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and non-material needs in a sustainable way?”
(a)
Author that describes permaculture as a movement to redesign our ways of living to be more in tune with local surpluses and limits, active in the most privileged as well as most destitute communities and countries.
(a)
Principle of permaculture that acknowledged diversity reduces vulnerability to a variety of threats and takes advantage of the unique nature of the environment in which it resides.
Use and value diversity
Use small and slow solutions
Design from patterns to details
Produce no waste
How does a prnciple of permaculture use and value renewable resources and services?
By putting the right things in the right place, relationships develop between those things and they work together to support each other.
By valuing and making use of all the resources that are available to us, nothing goes to waste.
Ensure that you are getting truly useful rewards as part of the work that you are doing.
Make the best use of nature’s abundance to reduce our consumptive behavior and dependence on non-renewable resources.
As a system of design, and an ecosystem-based approach, how does permaculture organizes itself?
Commodity
Yield
Layers
Operations
As a system of design, and an ecosystem-based approach of permaculture, the approach also designs a farm in rings, or zones. Which is referred as the "house"?
Zone 0
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
In practices of permaculture, how do we make use of ecosystem services and biodiversity?
Perform rainwater harvesting
Utilize composting
replacing lawns and grass with productive crops
Use nitrogen-fixers
In practices of permaculture, how do we build healthy soil?
Make use of pollinators
Make use of birds and bats
growing perennial food plants
no usage chemical and synthetic fertilizers or pesticides
These are the challenges of permaculture except for
requiring a lot of labor
challenges to adopting the approach for farmers become higher still when a proliferation of labels and standards add additional requirements
providing an ideal habitat for pests
keeping the soil cool which can hamper plant growth at the beginning of the season
An ecological farming system that views the farm as a self-contained and self-sustaining organism; farmers strictly avoid all synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, instead using living solutions for pest control and fertility, and set aside a minimum of 10% of the total farm’s area for biodiversity
(a)
How do we apply key guiding principle in biodynamic agriculture focusing on cosmic and spiritual impact
by being receptive of personal spiritual abilities and sensitive to our environment and others
by being aware of and adapting to different local cultures, climates, and geographic conditions
by using resources in a sustainable and innovative way towards closing the loop
by increasing soil fertility and vitality
One that produces abundant food without depleting the earth’s resources or polluting its environment.
(a)
Possible sources of nitrogen that would, in principle, be available indefinitely, include
Recycling crop waste and livestock or human manure
Growing legume crops and forages
Industrial production of nitrogen by the Haber Process
all of the above
Sustainable agriculture integrates three main goals except for
environmental health
economic profitability
social and economic equity
political initiative
Farming and natural resource on sustainable agriculture that is concern with salinization and contamination of ground and surface waters by pesticides, nitrates and selenium.
Water
Water supply and use
Water quality
Wildlife
Which is under plant production practices?
Management of the soil to enhance and protect soil quality
Herd Health
Food and agricultural policy
Consumers and the Food System
