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WorksheetsBiology - Topic 8 - Exchange and Transport in Animals
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
Out?
Kidney's remove urea (Breaking down amino acids)
Lungs remove CO2 (Produced by aerobic respiration)
Oxygen + Glucose (Aerobic respiration)
Dissolved food molecules and mineral ions are taken in to produce new substances
In?
Kidney's remove urea (Breaking down amino acids)
Lungs remove CO2 (Produced by aerobic respiration)
Oxygen + Glucose (Aerobic respiration)
Dissolved food molecules and mineral ions are taken in to produce new substances
Needs for exchange surfaces
Thin surface
Large surface area
Large surface
Small surface area
How are alveoli adapted for fast gas exchange?
Thin cells make up the wall of the capillary and alveolus, therefore reducing the diffusion distance
The blood maintains the concentration gradient between the capillary and the alveolus
An enormous surface area
A moist lining for dissolving gases
A very large volume
What factors affect the rate of diffusion?
Surface area
Concentration gradient
Distance
Light intensity
Time of day
Fick's Law
____ __ _________ = (Surface Area x Concentration Difference) / Thickness of Membrane
(a)
The blood
Red Blood Cells
◉ In each mm3 there are 5,000,000
◉ Packed with haemoglobin (which binds with oxygen in the lungs
◉ No nucleus
◉ Biconcave for a large surface area
White Blood Cells
◉ In each mm3 there are 7,000
◉ Phagocytes, surround and engulf foreign cells, digest using enzymes
◉ Produce antibodies that stick to a foreign cell
Platelets
◉ In each mm3 there are 250,000
◉ No nuclei
◉ Produce substances needed to clot blood
Plasma
◉ Straw coloured
◉ Carries cells (everything) round in circulation
Blood Vessels: Arteries
◉ Carry blood away from the heart
◉ Strong and elastic to deal with high pressure
◉ Thick layers of muscle
◉ Exchange of materials at tissue
◉ Tiny, narrow
◉ Permeable walls
◉ Supply food and oxygen, take carbon dioxide
◉ Walls are one cell thick
◉ Carry the blood to the heart
◉ Lower pressure
◉ Large lumen
◉ Valves to prevent backwards blood flow
Blood Vessels: Capillaries
◉ Carry blood away from the heart
◉ Strong and elastic to deal with high pressure
◉ Thick layers of muscle
◉ Exchange of materials at tissue
◉ Tiny, narrow
◉ Permeable walls
◉ Supply food and oxygen, take carbon dioxide
◉ Walls are one cell thick
◉ Carry the blood to the heart
◉ Lower pressure
◉ Large lumen
◉ Valves to prevent backwards blood flow
Blood Vessels: Veins
◉ Carry blood away from the heart
◉ Strong and elastic to deal with high pressure
◉ Thick layers of muscle
◉ Exchange of materials at tissue
◉ Tiny, narrow
◉ Permeable walls
◉ Supply food and oxygen, take carbon dioxide
◉ Walls are one cell thick
◉ Carry the blood to the heart
◉ Lower pressure
◉ Large lumen
◉ Valves to prevent backwards blood flow
The heart has _ chambers. Atriums and ventricles. Left hand side is thicker, as it has to pump blood around the whole body at high pressure
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
(a)
Where is pressure lowest
x
y
Where is pressure highest
x
y
Respiration releases energy from glucose, and is an (a) process
Aerobic respiration, fill in the blank
(a)
Anaerobic respiration, fill in the blank
(a)
Experiment for rate of (a) in living organisms
stroke volume x heart rate = _______ ______ (litres/min)
(a)
