Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 2. A. cat B. hat

C. bat D. lake

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3. A. confide B. gather

C. divide D. reply

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 4. A. stimulate B. sacrifice

C. devastate D. determine

Question 5. The children were very tiresome, ______ ?

A. weren't they B. wasn't they C. didn't they D. don't they

Question 6. The 26th Annual Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum (APPF)______in Hanoi from January 18th to 21st, 2018.

A. was held B. is held C. is being held D. will be held

With greatly increased hard work,everyone is_____ pressure.

A. above B. under C. upon D. out of

The more electricity you use, ______ your bill will be.

A. higher B. the higher C. highest D. the highest

Alan often drives a _____ car.

A. blue small Japanese B. small Japanese blue C. Japanese small blue D. small blue Japanese

When I got home I found that water ______ down the kitchen walls.

A. ran B. was running C. has run D. has been running

Blackpink’s members were very different ______ they did seem to get on well when they met.

A. in spite of B. though C. because of D. because

They will have suffered from coldness and hunger for 6 hours ______ them on the mountain.

A. by the time we find B. when we found

C. as soon as we had found D. after we had found

______ a thermal layer, she felt warmer in minus temperatures.

A. Wear B. Having worn C. To wear D. Worn

We haven’t reached the final ______ on the funding for scientific research yet.

A. decides B. decision C. decisively D. decisive

The child really ______ his father even the smallest actions.______

A. takes after B. looks after C. goes off D. sits for

She _______ a really good impression of the president in order to make everybody laugh.

A. did B. made C. built D. caused

A football player was suspended for four matches after arguing with the ______.

A. audience B. spectator C. umpire D. referee

Rowena ______ for joy when she heard that she’d won the first prize.

A. jumped B. cried C. screamed D. clapped

The improvement has been across the ______, with all divisions either increasing profits or reducing losses.

A. bulletin B. board C. company D. newspaper

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 20. I only applied for this business with a view to accumulating first-hand experience.

A. describing B. sharing C. lacking D. gaining

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 21. My brother feels happy when he is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.

A. read B. translated C. displayed D. considered

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 22. Most of the students in our country are interested in pursuing higher education to get bachelor's degrees.

A. following B. giving up C. trying D. interrupting

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 23. We think they will be at the party in two shakes because they are so excited

A. very soon B. very late C. very boringly D. very happily

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Question 24. Two friends are talking in the classroom.

- Jack: “How long does it take you to go to school?”

- John: “______. I walk every day.”

A. My father drives me to school B. About 20 kilometres

C. About 5 minutes D. Let me see

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges.

Question 25. Two students are talking about their assignment.

- Tim: “We should give more photos to a slide show in our history presentation next week.”

- Laura: “_______. They will make our presentation more interesting”

A. Sorry, I have to check my diary. B. That’s exactly what I was going to say.

C. I’d love to but I just can’t now. D. That’s true. I understand how you feel

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Wave power

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (26) ______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (27) ______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (28) ______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly the project hit a (29) ______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (30) ______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced” by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Question 26. A. other B. another C. every D. one

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Wave power

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (26) ______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (27) ______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (28) ______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly the project hit a (29) ______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (30) ______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced” by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Question 27. A. floods B. streams C. currents D. brooks

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Wave power

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (26) ______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (27) ______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (28) ______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly the project hit a (29) ______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (30) ______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced” by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Question 28. A. whom B. which C. why D. who

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Wave power

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (26) ______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (27) ______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (28) ______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly the project hit a (29) ______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (30) ______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced” by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Question 29. A. stumbling B. stepping C. tripping D. rolling

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

Wave power

Engineers are building machinery to harness the power of ocean waves. As an abundant source of clean energy, wave power can be categorised along with (26) ______ sustainable energy sources, such as wind and solar power.

Wave power is extracted by wave energy converters, or WECs, which are placed along ocean (27) ______ that produce strong waves. The first wave farm, (28) ______ comprises three WECs, was built off the coast of Portugal in 2008. It was set to produce over two megawatts of energy – enough to power 2,000 homes. Sadly the project hit a (29) ______ block two months into operation and has remained offline ever since, demonstrating the high probability of technical difficulties that can still arise.

Engineers are continuing to build wave farms worldwide, (30) ______ it is worth cultivating the extraction of wave power. The amount of power that could potentially be extracted is three terawatts – enough for billions of homes and businesses.

(Adapted from “Use of English for advanced” by Malcomn Mann and Steve Taylor-Knowles)

Question 30. A. despite B. so C. because D. but

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Every four years the world watches the Olympic Games, which start when somebody from the host country carries a torch into the stadium and lights the flame in the opening ceremony. The flame continues to burn throughout the games until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony.

This is a tradition that started in ancient Greece, when a fire burnt throughout the ancient Olympics, but it was not introduced to the modern games until 1928. The modern world welcomed the idea of an Olympic flame with enthusiasm. In 1936, Carl Diem, a German sports official, came up with the idea of an Olympic torch relay for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Since then the torch relay has been part of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic torch is lit many months before the opening ceremony at Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympics in Greece. Eleven women take part and one of them lights the torch from the sun using a special mirror. After this, there is a ceremony in the Athenian Panathinaiko Stadium, where the Athens city authorities deliver the torch to the officials of the host city.

This ceremony is then followed by the torch relay. Traditionally, runners, including athletes, celebrities and ordinary people carry the torch on a journey from Athens to the host city. The relay lasts for many months and goes through many countries. Sometimes the torch travels by boat, or by plane.

The relay ends when the torch arrives at the Olympic stadium where the Games will take place. The final carrier of the torch is often kept secret until the last moment, and is usually a famous sportsman or woman. They use the torch to light the Olympic flame.

The torch relay represents the passing of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next. Since it was introduced again in 1928, it has come to represent “the light of spirit, knowledge, and life”.

(From “Solutions Pre-intermediate” by Tim Falla and Paul A Davis)

Question 31. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. The Olympic Closing Ceremony B. The Olympic Games

C. The Olympic Flame D. The Olympic Opening Ceremony

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Every four years the world watches the Olympic Games, which start when somebody from the host country carries a torch into the stadium and lights the flame in the opening ceremony. The flame continues to burn throughout the games until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony.

This is a tradition that started in ancient Greece, when a fire burnt throughout the ancient Olympics, but it was not introduced to the modern games until 1928. The modern world welcomed the idea of an Olympic flame with enthusiasm. In 1936, Carl Diem, a German sports official, came up with the idea of an Olympic torch relay for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Since then the torch relay has been part of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic torch is lit many months before the opening ceremony at Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympics in Greece. Eleven women take part and one of them lights the torch from the sun using a special mirror. After this, there is a ceremony in the Athenian Panathinaiko Stadium, where the Athens city authorities deliver the torch to the officials of the host city.

This ceremony is then followed by the torch relay. Traditionally, runners, including athletes, celebrities and ordinary people carry the torch on a journey from Athens to the host city. The relay lasts for many months and goes through many countries. Sometimes the torch travels by boat, or by plane.

The relay ends when the torch arrives at the Olympic stadium where the Games will take place. The final carrier of the torch is often kept secret until the last moment, and is usually a famous sportsman or woman. They use the torch to light the Olympic flame.

The torch relay represents the passing of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next. Since it was introduced again in 1928, it has come to represent “the light of spirit, knowledge, and life”.

(From “Solutions Pre-intermediate” by Tim Falla and Paul A Davis)

Question 32. The word “extinguished” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. gone out B. taken out C. put out D. watched out

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Every four years the world watches the Olympic Games, which start when somebody from the host country carries a torch into the stadium and lights the flame in the opening ceremony. The flame continues to burn throughout the games until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony.

This is a tradition that started in ancient Greece, when a fire burnt throughout the ancient Olympics, but it was not introduced to the modern games until 1928. The modern world welcomed the idea of an Olympic flame with enthusiasm. In 1936, Carl Diem, a German sports official, came up with the idea of an Olympic torch relay for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Since then the torch relay has been part of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic torch is lit many months before the opening ceremony at Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympics in Greece. Eleven women take part and one of them lights the torch from the sun using a special mirror. After this, there is a ceremony in the Athenian Panathinaiko Stadium, where the Athens city authorities deliver the torch to the officials of the host city.

This ceremony is then followed by the torch relay. Traditionally, runners, including athletes, celebrities and ordinary people carry the torch on a journey from Athens to the host city. The relay lasts for many months and goes through many countries. Sometimes the torch travels by boat, or by plane.

The relay ends when the torch arrives at the Olympic stadium where the Games will take place. The final carrier of the torch is often kept secret until the last moment, and is usually a famous sportsman or woman. They use the torch to light the Olympic flame.

The torch relay represents the passing of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next. Since it was introduced again in 1928, it has come to represent “the light of spirit, knowledge, and life”.

(From “Solutions Pre-intermediate” by Tim Falla and Paul A Davis)

Question 33. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A. the tradition of burning a fire B. the ancient Olympics

C. ancient Greece D. the modern Olympics

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Every four years the world watches the Olympic Games, which start when somebody from the host country carries a torch into the stadium and lights the flame in the opening ceremony. The flame continues to burn throughout the games until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony.

This is a tradition that started in ancient Greece, when a fire burnt throughout the ancient Olympics, but it was not introduced to the modern games until 1928. The modern world welcomed the idea of an Olympic flame with enthusiasm. In 1936, Carl Diem, a German sports official, came up with the idea of an Olympic torch relay for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Since then the torch relay has been part of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic torch is lit many months before the opening ceremony at Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympics in Greece. Eleven women take part and one of them lights the torch from the sun using a special mirror. After this, there is a ceremony in the Athenian Panathinaiko Stadium, where the Athens city authorities deliver the torch to the officials of the host city.

This ceremony is then followed by the torch relay. Traditionally, runners, including athletes, celebrities and ordinary people carry the torch on a journey from Athens to the host city. The relay lasts for many months and goes through many countries. Sometimes the torch travels by boat, or by plane.

The relay ends when the torch arrives at the Olympic stadium where the Games will take place. The final carrier of the torch is often kept secret until the last moment, and is usually a famous sportsman or woman. They use the torch to light the Olympic flame.

The torch relay represents the passing of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next. Since it was introduced again in 1928, it has come to represent “the light of spirit, knowledge, and life”.

(From “Solutions Pre-intermediate” by Tim Falla and Paul A Davis)

Question 34. It is stated in paragraph 3 that the Olympic torch is lit _______.

A. from a burning flame at Olympia B. by using the sun’s energy

C. a short time before the opening ceremony D. by a group of women in a special way

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

Every four years the world watches the Olympic Games, which start when somebody from the host country carries a torch into the stadium and lights the flame in the opening ceremony. The flame continues to burn throughout the games until it is extinguished in the closing ceremony.

This is a tradition that started in ancient Greece, when a fire burnt throughout the ancient Olympics, but it was not introduced to the modern games until 1928. The modern world welcomed the idea of an Olympic flame with enthusiasm. In 1936, Carl Diem, a German sports official, came up with the idea of an Olympic torch relay for the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Since then the torch relay has been part of the Olympic Games.

The Olympic torch is lit many months before the opening ceremony at Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympics in Greece. Eleven women take part and one of them lights the torch from the sun using a special mirror. After this, there is a ceremony in the Athenian Panathinaiko Stadium, where the Athens city authorities deliver the torch to the officials of the host city.

This ceremony is then followed by the torch relay. Traditionally, runners, including athletes, celebrities and ordinary people carry the torch on a journey from Athens to the host city. The relay lasts for many months and goes through many countries. Sometimes the torch travels by boat, or by plane.

The relay ends when the torch arrives at the Olympic stadium where the Games will take place. The final carrier of the torch is often kept secret until the last moment, and is usually a famous sportsman or woman. They use the torch to light the Olympic flame.

The torch relay represents the passing of Olympic traditions from one generation to the next. Since it was introduced again in 1928, it has come to represent “the light of spirit, knowledge, and life”.

(From “Solutions Pre-intermediate” by Tim Falla and Paul A Davis)

Question 35. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the Olympic torch?

A. The torch is not traditionally carried by ordinary people.

B. The torch relay has been part of the Olympics since 1936.

C. The final torch carrier is often unknown until the last moment.

D. The torch relay ends at the stadium where the Olympics is held.

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 36. Which of the following could be the title of the passage?

A. Running Water on Mars? B. Photographic Evidence of a Martian sea

C. Saving Martian Surface Water D. A Mars Global Surveyor

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 37. The word "merge" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______

A. expand B. separate C. straighten out D. combine

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 38. The word “they” in paragraph 1 refers to ______ .

A. channels B. geologists C. systems D. Mars

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 39. In paragraph 2, why does the author include the information that 105 tons of water flow through the Amazon River per second?

A. To emphasize the great size of the volume of water that seems to have flowed through Mars’ outflow channels

B. To indicate data used by scientists to estimate how long ago Mars’ outflow channels were formed

C. To argue that flash floods on Mars may have been powerful enough to cause tear-shaped "islands" to form

D. To argue that the force of flood waters on Mars was powerful enough to shape the northern volcanic plains

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 40. The word "relics" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A. remains B. sites C. requirements D. sources

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 41. Which of the following questions about geological features on Mars is NOT answered in paragraph 3?

A. What are some regions of Mars that may have once been covered with an ocean?

B. Where do mission scientists believe that the river forming the delta emptied?

C. Approximately how many craters on Mars do mission scientists believe may once have been lakes filled with water?

D. During what period of Mars' history do some scientists think it may have had large bodies of water?

Read the following and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42

Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago, when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.

Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous – perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon River. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same time as the northern volcanic plains formed.

Some scientists speculate that Mars may have enjoyed an extended early period during which rivers, lakes, and perhaps even oceans adorned its surface. A 2003 Mars Global Surveyor image shows what mission specialists think may be a delta – a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands. Other researchers go even further, suggesting that the data provide evidence for large open expanses of water on the early Martian surface. A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands. The Hellas Basin, which measures some 3,000 kilometers across and has a floor that lies nearly 9 kilometers below the basin's rim, is another candidate for an ancient Martian sea.

(Source: https://www.ets.org/toefl/rpdt/prepare/reading)

Question 42. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about liquid water on Mars?

A. If ancient oceans ever existed on Mars' surface, it is likely that the water in them has evaporated by now.

B. If there is any liquid water at all on Mars' surface today, its quantity is much smaller than the amount that likely existed there in the past.

C. Small-scale gullies on Mars provide convincing evidence that liquid water existed on Mars in the recent past.

D. The small amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere suggests that there has never been liquid water on Mars.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 43. Last month, my mother makes more than 20 dresses and sold all of them.

A B C D

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Many living organisms depend largely on the environment for the satisfaction of its needs.

A B C D

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

I have been completely trustworthy. Everything I have told you is what really happened.

A B C D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 46. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago.

A. I have not been to the museum for a year. B. A year ago, I often went to the museum.

C. My going to the museum lasted a year. D. At last I went to the museum after a year.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 47. "I'll definitely give it to you next Saturday," John said.

A. John said that he'll give it to me the next Saturday.

B. John promised to give it to me the next Saturday.

C. John told that he'll give it to me the next Saturday.

D. John decided to give it to me next Saturday.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 48. It isn’t necessary for you to finish the project today.

A. You needn’t finish the project today. B. You may not finish the project today.

C. You had better not finish the project today. D. You can’t finish the project today.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 49. The examiner doesn’t accept my answer. My handwriting is not legible.

A. If only the examiner will accept my answer and can read my handwriting.

B. The examiner would accept my answer if my handwriting were legible.

C. I wish my handwriting were legible enough for the examiner to accept my answer.

D. I wish the examiner will accept my answer even though my handwriting is not legible.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 50. Tom had only started his presentation. The electricity went out.

A. As soon as the electricity went out, Tom started his presentation.

B. Scarcely had Tom started his presentation when the electricity went out.

C. Hardly Tom started his presentation, the electricity went out immediately.

D. But for the power failure, Tom would have started his presentation.