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_____: Substance that oxidizes another substance; can cause other materials to combust more readily or make fires burn more strongly.

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_____: Anything that occupies space and has mass.

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_____: Capacity to perform work; occurs when a force is applied to an object over a distance, or when a chemical, biological, or physical transformation is made in a substance.

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_____: Chemical process that occurs when a substance combines with an oxidizer such as oxygen in the air; a common example is the formation of rust on metal.

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_____: A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flame.

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_____: Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work once released.

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_____: The energy possessed by a body because of its motion.

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_____: Chemical reaction that releases thermal energy or heat.

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_____: A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities.

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_____: Chemical reaction that absorbs thermal energy or heat.

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_____: Visible, luminous body of a burning gas emitting radiant energy, including light of various colors produced by burning gases or vapors during the combustion process.

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_____: Model used to explain the elements/conditions necessary for combustion. The sides of the triangle represent heat, oxygen, and fuel.

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_____: Model of the four elements/conditions required to have a triangle. the four sides of the tetrahedron represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and self-sustaining chain reaction.

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_____: Measure of a material's ability to transfer heat energy to other objects; the greater the energy, the higher the _____. Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter, expressed in terms of units or degrees designated on a standard scale.

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_____: A unit of measure of power or rate of work equal to one joule per second (J/s).

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_____: The kinetic energy associated with the random motions of the molecules of a material or object; often used interchangeably with the terms heat and heat energy. Measured in joules or Btu.

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_____: The chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating. _____ often precedes combustion.

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_____: Physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state; the rate of _____ depends on the substance involved, heat, pressure, and exposed surface area.

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_____: The process of initiating self-sustained combustion.

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_____: Moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat (ignition) source with sufficient energy to start the combustion reaction.

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_____: Initiation of combustion by heat but without a spark or flame. Also called nonpiloted ignition.

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_____: The lowest temperature at which a combustible material ignites in air without a spark or flame.

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_____: The result of exothermic reactions, occurring spontaneously in some materials under certain conditions, whereby heat is generated at a rate sufficient to raise the temperature of the material.

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_____: Initiation of combustion of a material by an internal chemical or biological reaction that has produced sufficient heat to ignite the material.

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_____: The measure of the rate of heat transfer to a surface, expressed in kilowatts/m², kilojoules/m²*sec, or Btu/ft²*sec.

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_____: Transfer of heat through or between solids that are in direct contact.

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_____: Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.

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_____: Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy.

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_____: The tendency or capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas.

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_____: Materials produced and released during burning.

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_____: Buoyant layer of hot gasses and smoke produced by a fire in a compartment.

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_____: Materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion process.

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_____: The fuel that is being oxidized or burned during combustion.

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_____: Total amount of thermal energy (heat) that could be generated by the combustion (oxidation) reaction if a fuel were completely burned. The _____ is measured in British Thermal Units (Btu) per pound or Kj/g not mJ/Kg.

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_____: Total amount of heat released per unit time. The _____ is measured in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW) of output.

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_____: Weight of a given volume of pure vapor or gas compared to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at the same temperature and pressure. A _____ less than 1 indicates a vapor lighter than air; a _____ greater than 1 indicates a vapor heavier than air.

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_____: Mass (weight) of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of water at a given temperature. A specific gravity less than 1 indicates a substance lighter than water; a specific gravity greater than 1 indicates a substance heavier than water.

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_____: Any liquid having a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psi absolute (276 kPa) (2.76 bar).

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_____: (1) Measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate. (2) The pressure at which a vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid phase for a given temperature; liquids that have a greater tendency to evaporate have higher _____s for a given temperature.

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_____: Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquid's surface.

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_____: Temperature at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to support combustion once the fuel is ignited. _____ must exceed 5 seconds of burning duration during the test. The _____ is usually a few degrees above the flash point.

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_____: Degree to which a solid, liquid, or gas dissolves in a solvent (usually water).

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_____: Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions.

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_____: The range between the upper flammable limit and lower flammable limit in which a substance can be ignited.

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_____: Lower limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion; below this limit the gas or vapor is too lean or thin to burn (lacks the proper quantity of fuel). Also known as Lower Explosive Limit (LEL).

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_____: Upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite and support combustion; above this limit the gas or vapor is too rich to burn (lacks the proper quantity of oxygen).

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_____: Molecular fragments that are highly reactive.

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_____: Extinguishment of a fire by interruption of the chemical chain reaction.

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_____: A phenomenon that occurs when mixtures of alkaline-based chemicals and certain cooking oils come into contact resulting in the formation of a soapy film.

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_____: The total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space, or fire area, including interior finish or trim, expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.

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_____: First stage of the burning process in a compartment in which the substance being oxidized is producing some heat, but the heat has not spread to other subtances nearby. during this phase, the oxygen content of the air has not been significantly reduced and the temperature within the compartment is not significantly higher than the ambient temperature.

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_____: The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke rising above a fire; also called convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.

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_____: A relatively thin layer of flowing hot gases that develops under a horizontal surface (e.g. ceiling) as a result of plume impingement and the flowing gas being forced to move horizontally.

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_____: Outcome of combustion in a confined space in which gases tend to form into layers, according to temperature, with the hottest gasses found at the ceiling and the coolest gasses at floor level.

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_____: Composed of at least one inlet opening, one exhaust opening, and the connecting volume between the openings. The direction of the flow is determined by difference in pressure. Heat and smoke in a high pressure area will flow toward areas of lower pressure.

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_____: The level at a compartment opening where the difference in pressure exerted by expansion and buoyancy of hot smoke flowing out of the opening and the inward pressure of cooler, ambient temperature are flowing in through the opening is equal.

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_____: A rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage.