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WorksheetsPATHO test 1
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 34mins
which statement best desribes the term syndrome
the study of disease
a group if symptoms
a state of normaicy or function
an abnormality of function
which components of blood plasma can be detected by a blood chemistry test?
triglycerides-lymphocytes-electrolytes
platelets-BUN-glucose
thyroid levels- CBC- glucose
BUN- Glucose - liver enzymes
examples of nutritional defiencey are
scurvy
kwashiorkor
obesity
two are correct
what do nuclear medicine scans utilize
magnetic and radio waves
conventional x ray machines
radioactive isotopes
ionizing x rays wuth computer imaging
a nurse is asked to collect a 24 hour urine sample. Which of the following best describes this process?
is most commonly requested specimen
is utilized to evaluate excretion rates of some substances
this is the first voided speciment of the day
requires the nurse to cleanse the genital areas
what does histology study
organs
cells
joints
tissues
what does the differential white blood cell count include when it is ordered with a CBC?
the count/ percentage of each white blood cell types
neutrophils/ erythrocytes/
eosinophils/
platelets
neutrophils/
eosinophils/
basophils /
erythrocytes
the count/ percentage of all blood cells
which of the following statements regarding genetic abnormalities are false
cystic fibrosis is an example of a disease resulting from genetic mutation
non -hereditary mutations are not passed down to offspring
genetic mutations can be hereditary or non - hereditary
hereditary mutations occur in the DNA of somatic cells
define the term etiology
development
cause
defintion
outcome
which statement best describes the term nosocomial
predisposing factors
being related to treatment received
a bacterial infection
hospital acquired
define the term prognosis
a short term condition
the naming of a disease
any change from normal
the expected outcome
what is the cause of an idiopathic disease
an unknown cause
a viral infection
a parasitic infection
a bacterial infection
which of the following tests are included in a routine CBC
blood cultures - leukocytes - creatine
platelets - leukocytes - blood cultures
leukocytes - platelets - hemoglobin
hemoglobin - hemacrit -
creatine
which statement best describes a CT scan
give vertical front to back images of body organs
magnetic field and radio waves are used to create an image
uses radioactive substances to produce an x ray image
creates cross-sectional images by the use of x ray technology and a computer
define the term iatrogenic
being related to treatment received
a bacterial infection
hospital acquired
predisposing factors
which statements best defines the manifestationss of a disease
subjective feelings of a discomfort during a disease
the signs and symptoms of a disease
the prodomal period of an infection
factors the precipitate an acute episode of a chronic disease
which term best describes cancer?
dysplasia
neoplasia
hyperplasia
metaplasia
define cachexia
a thin, wasted appearance
a lack of enzymes
overconsumption
poor nutrition
a report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. This involves a decrease in muscle cell
number
size
lipids
vacuoles
a 20 year old male shoots his hand with a nail gun while replacing roofing shingles. Which of the following cell types would be the first to aid in killing bacteria to prevent infection in his hand?
neutrophils
eosinophils
leukocytes
monocytes
when planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, the cardiac cells will
increase in size
decrease in length
increase in excitability
increase in number
a 65 year old male with a 25 year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaption is called:
anaplasia
hyperplasia
metaplasia
dysplasia
a patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process?
adaption
apoptosis
necrosis
pathologic calcification
when an aide asks the nurse what is a purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond?
to prevent infection of the injured tissue
to provide specific responses toward antigens
the lyse cell membranes of micro organisms
to create immunity against subsequent tissue injury
a 40 year old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see in the report?
metaplasia
atrophy
dysplasia
hypertrophy
a child fell off the swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else might the nurse observe during assessment?
pale skin at injured site
edema at the injured site
vasoconstriction at the injured site
decreased RBC concentration at the injured site
a nurse recalls the mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the inflammatory response through the process of
degranulation
chemotaxis
endocytosis
opsonization
which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk of opportunistic infection?
24 year old who in immunocompromised.
18 year old with diabetes
70 year old with congestive heart failure
30 year old with pneumonia
the directional migration of leukocytes along a chemical gradient is termed
margination
chemotaxis
endocytosis
diapedesis
a 85 year old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain us most likely due to a hypoxic injury secondary to:
chemical toxicity
malnutrition
free radicals
ischemia
the classic activation pathway for the complement system is triggered by
antigen - antibody comlexes
histamine
leukocytes
prostaglandins
the end product of the clotting system is
plasmin
factor X
fibrin
collagen
a 35 year old is diagnosed with abcess in an abdominal wound. Which of the following exudates would be present in the highest concentration at the site of this inflammatory response?
fibrinous
hemmorrhagic
serous
purulent
inflammation is not characterized by
cyanosis
heat
swelling
pain
the nurse is reviewing the lab data of a newly admitted patient. The nurse notes that patient has an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) done, and the results are quite elevated. The nurse would know this is in response to which condition?
inflammation
anemia
an electrolyte imbalance
infection
where are B cells originate from
lymph nodes
thymus
gut lymphoid tussue
bone marrow
which of the following are false regarding defense mechanisms of the body?
inflammation-non specific defence
inflammation- innate immunity
cell mediated immunity- non specific defense
lympocytes - adaptive immunity
which patient will develop active immunity
recieves immunoglobins
receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor
has a natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
has t cells that become b cells
which of the following processes result in scar formation
regeneration
granulation
remodeling
fibrous connective tissue repair
when the immunity crosses the placenta what type of immunity does the fetus receive?
innate
cell mediated
active
passive
a scar is left after the healing process in a vital organ. Which outcome would you expect?
it makes the organ larger than it originally was and increases function overall
vital organs do not heal by scar tissue
the presence of scar tissue causes pressure necrosis of the surrounding area
it results in permanent loss of function of the involved area
which of the following statements are false regarding secondary intention?
usually the wounds that undergo secondary intention are infected
secondary intention would take place for a severe burn
wound with irregular margins would undergo secondary intention
all are true
which of the following statements regarding facultative miotic cells is true?
continually divide throughtout life
kidney cells are facultative mitotic cells
replaced by firbous scarring after trauma
divide when required
which of the following is not an example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
glomerulonephritis
hay fever
eczema
anaphylaxis
which of the following tests would analyze cerebrospinal fluid
IVP
myelogram
lumbar puncture
BUN
allergies fit into which category of disease?
impaired immunity
traumatic
hyperplasia- neoplasms
infection- inflammation
healing by secondary intention wound occur in which of the following patients
paper cut
sutured surgical wound
stage IV ulcer
sunburn
staging (classification of cancers is based on
deep tissues
involvment of lymphnodes, size and spread
metastasis
nosocomial infections
little metastasis is seen with brain tumors because
cancer cells hide in deep tissues
cancer cells ramin dormant after they spread from the brain
the patient dies before metastasis begins
the cells do not spread through the bloodstream
a spread of tumor cells to distant sites by way of the blood or lymoh is referred to as
insidious
idiopathic
metastasis
malignant
which of the following would be most likely cause of an iatrogenic disease?
an unwanted effect of prescribed drug
genetic disorder
combination of specific etioogical factors
prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in evironment
the process in which the body maintains a stable internal environment is called
homestatis
osmotic balance
pathophysiology
inflammation
signs are manisfestations of a disease or condition are
subjective feelings such a pain
objective indicators such a fever
clincially verifiable indicators obly disgnosed by physian
subjective preliminary indicators identifed by the patient only
urine drawn for urinalysis with a dark color might typically indicate
dietary problems, bacteria, excessive bile
leukocytes, bacteria and medication
hematuria, highly concentrated, excessive bilirubin
very low pH, low protein levels, leukocytes
swelling the an area of inflammation caused by accumulation of fluid in the intersitial space is called
pyrexia
edema
infection
rubor
first-aid directives for injury related inflammation often recommends this four step approach:
rest, ice, compression and
elevation
excercise, elevation, iced followed by heat
rest, heat, compression, drugs
heat, elevation, drugs, excercise
this test is primarily ordered for people with chest pain and to assess if a heart attack or other damage to the heart has occured
CPK
LDH
SGOT
Troponins
this blood test is used to diagnose disorders of the pancreas. The near immediate rise of this test at the beginning of a pancreatitis attack, and it falls after about 2 days, helps to pinpoint this diagnosis.
SGOT
LDH
amylase
troponin
the period of time between entry of the organism and appearance of clinical signs is called the:
acute period
incubation period
prodomal period
chronic period
fungal infections in which a normally harmless resident fungus becomes a pathogen is called
opportunistic infection
insidious infection
complementary infection
secondary infection
the period when an infectious disease develops fully and all clinical manifestations appear is called the
acute period
insidious period
incubation period
infection period
a nurse is assessing a patient. Which assessment indicates that the patient may be at risk for infection because a primary defense is impaired?
skin is dry
eyes appear moist
hair can be seen in nostrils
oral muscous membranes are pink
any factor that has the capacity to create a significant change in the bodyies environment is referred to as a
stressor
incubator
infection
mood
hyperventilation as a result of high anxeity or high fever may result in a pH imbalance referred to as a
acute gastroentosis
acute ottitis media
respiratory alkalosis
frebile seizure
how many pairs of autosomes does a human body have
22
24
23
54
disorders or defects that are present at birth and may be caused by genetic problems, environmental factors, infections are
rubella
congenital anomalies
aminocentisis
klinefelter syndrome
typical causes of dehydration inclue vomiting, excessive sweating and use of concentrated supplements and :
diabetic ketoacidosis
low protein
swelling
gas
an excess or very high volume of blood in the body is referred as
hyperjaundice
hyperbilirubin
hyperalkosis
hypervolemia
