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WorksheetsABG part 1
Total questions: 31
Worksheet time: 16mins
- log [H+]
Acid
Alkaline
pH
pOH
H+ donors
Acid
Alkaline
pH
pOH
H+ acceptors, or give up OH- in solution.
Acid
Alkaline
pH
pOH
dissociate completely in solution
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
dissociate only partially in solution
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
NaOH, household ammonia, Milk of Magnesia
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
HCl, gastric juice, apple juice
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
Lactic acid, carbonic acid
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
Sodium Bicarbonate, egg whites
strong acids
weak acids
strong bases
weak bases
Blood
pH of 7.4
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
pH of < 6.8 or > 8.0
pH of <7.35
pH of >7.45
Extracellular fluid
pH of 7.4
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
pH of < 6.8 or > 8.0
pH of <7.35
pH of >7.45
death occurs
pH of 7.4
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
pH of < 6.8 or > 8.0
pH of <7.35
pH of >7.45
Acidosis (acidemia)
pH of 7.4
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
pH of < 6.8 or > 8.0
pH of <7.35
pH of >7.45
Alkalosis (alkalemia)
pH of 7.4
pH of 7.35 – 7.45
pH of < 6.8 or > 8.0
pH of <7.35
pH of >7.45
Take up H+ or release H+ as conditions change
Buffer pairs – weak acid and a base
Exchange a strong acid or base for a weak one
Results in a much smaller pH change
all Buffer systems
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)
Maintain a 20:1 ratio
HCO3- : H2CO3
all Buffer systems
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
Includes hemoglobin, work in blood and ISF
Carboxyl group gives up H+
Amino Group accepts H+
Side chains that can buffer H+ are present on 27 amino acids.
all Buffer systems
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
•H+ + HPO42- ↔ H2PO4-
OH- + H2PO4- ↔ H2O + H2PO42
Cellular metabolism
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
CO2 + H20 ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
Cellular metabolism
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
HCl + NaHCO3 ↔ H2CO3 + NaCl
NaOH + H2CO3 ↔ NaHCO3 + H2O
Cellular metabolism
Bicarbonate buffer
Phosphate buffer
Protein Buffers
Exhalation of carbon dioxide
Powerful, but only works with volatile acids
Doesn’t affect fixed acids like lactic acid
Body pH can be adjusted by changing rate and depth of breathing
Respiratory mechanisms of compensation
Kidney excretion for compensation
Can eliminate large amounts of acid
Can also rid body of base
Can conserve and produce bicarb ions
Most effective regulator of pH
If _______ fail, pH balance fails
Respiratory mechanisms of compensation
Kidney excretion for compensation
Acts instantaneously
Buffers function
Respiratory mechanisms
Renal mechanisms
Takes several minutes to hours
Buffers function
Respiratory mechanisms
Renal mechanisms
Takes several hours to days
Buffers function
Respiratory mechanisms
Renal mechanisms
depression of the CNS through ↓ in synaptic transmission.
Generalized weakness
Deranged CNS function the greatest threat
Severe case causes: Disorientation, coma, death
Acidosis
Alkalosis
causes over excitability of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
Numbness, Lightheadedness
It can cause: Nervousness, muscle spasms or tetany, Convulsions, Loss of consciousness, Death
Acidosis
Alkalosis
Restore ventilation
IV lactate solution
Treat underlying dysfunction or disease
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis
Treatment of Respiratory Alkalosis
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis
Treat underlying cause
Breathe into a paper bag
IV Chloride containing solution – Cl- ions replace lost bicarbonate ions
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis
Treatment of Respiratory Alkalosis
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis
IV lactate solution
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis
Treatment of Respiratory Alkalosis
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis
Electrolytes to replace those lost
IV chloride containing solution
Treat underlying disorder
Treatment of Respiratory Acidosis
Treatment of Respiratory Alkalosis
Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis
Treatment of Metabolic Alkalosis
