The first successful transatlantic communications using telegraph cables took place between

The first major use of the electromechanical tabulator was for:

Telephone connections in the US began in the ________, before spreading ________ throughout the twentieth century.

The first two-way telephone call made in the US was between:

The first internet message was sent between:

In the client-server model, messages from devices are routed through _____ before reaching their destination.

The first regional internet connections were routed through facilities called:

The physical ‘backbone’ of data routes across the world is called the

The first international connection with Arpanet was with:

The first undersea telegraph cables were laid in the:

The first post office appeared in:

The first government agency to use telegraphs in the US was the:

The oldest known road networks led into and out of:

In networks, the centralized points that connections run through are called:

The first packet switching node was:

The High Performance Computing Act (1991) provided funding to private firms to build:

The type of packet switching that sends messages across the internet in sequential order is called:

In Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, IP defines how packets of information are:

The World Wide Web refers to the:

The digital divide manifests itself:

The disparity in ownership of digital devices is referred to as unequal access to:

The digital divide can cause uneven access to:

The notion that information technology will lead to economic inequality across nations is called the ____ thesis:

The notion that information technology will lead to economic equality across nations is called the ____ thesis:

In addition to devices, the digital divide refers to unevenly distributed:

The _____ thesis argues that information technology can help remote areas overcome distance.

Poverty has a _____ effect on a country’s ability to use the internet for economic growth:

Valuable knowledge is often called _______, which is increasingly acquired through the internet.

Cellular phones are increasingly helpful in places where there are no:

Advocates of the stratification thesis argue that being locked out of the global information economy will make countries:

The geography of universities deeply affects geographic distributions of _------, which is essential to knowledge-based industries.

The _{______} of sub-Saharan Africans own mobile phones.

Poverty _{_____} one's ability to capitalize on digital technology to the full exent.

Disparities in broadband networks within countries manifest most sharply across _{_____} divides

In cities, smart phones are increasingly important for:

The most basic forms of computer literacy are gained during:

Higher education _____ one's ability to capitalize on digital technology to the full extent.

One aspect of the digital divide that is often overlooked is an uneven distribution of:

Using mobile phones as a measure of the digital divide can be methodologically faulty because:

Cities are expanding faster in

The rapid spread of people with digital devices is sometimes called the:

The largest concentration of smart devices is in:

There are _____ smart devices under a service plan than people:

Government datasets are being made increasingly accessible through:

______ have dramatically changed the way citizens issue grievances to their governments:

The internet makes interactions between public officials and their constituents:

_____ is commonly identified as a benefit of geosurveillance devices.

The profusion of location-aware devices such as global positioning systems make surveillance:

______ are the data that users produce by interacting with digital devices.

______ are the categories assigned to users based on their interactions with digital devices.

Open Data Portals provide citizens with access to:

Cities in nonwealthy countries are expanding _____ than in wealthy countries.

The dramatic increase of locational data from geospatial technology such as global positioning systems ____ the ability to monitor human behavior:

Before GPS, surveillance was:

There are more mobiles in:

The data that you generate through using electronics are sometimes called:

Categories assigned to people based on their online activity are sometimes called:

Advocates of smart cities argue that they allow citizens more avenues of:

The Internet of Things represents the spread of _____

_____ is commonly identified as a detriment of geosurveillance devices.

A simple definition of “power” as used in political geography is

Which of the following is defined as having the authority to use violence as a means of demonstrating power?

Which of the following is not an example of territory?

In the end, territoriality is backed up or made legitimate by

The system used by the state to divide up land and set official property boundaries in the early years of the U.S. was known as

Why was the Public Land Survey System used to map the interior of the U.S.?

The territory that was most clearly established by the PLSS was the

Informal settlements are more common in developing countries because they often lack

The U.S. supported the cadastral mapping of Lesotho with the expectation that it would help

The cadastral mapping of Lesotho through GPS is an example of

The location of gambling is regulated because

Why does it matter where online gambling takes place?

Redistricting for the U.S. House refers to the process by which districts are redrawn if a state adds or loses enough population for the total number of districts to change. This happens every

Which of the following is not a requirement of districts within a specific state?

Why has the U.S. regularly carried out a Census ever since the country was founded?

The concept of gerrymandering dates back to

Gerrymandering is a prime example of

Let’s say that there’s a small Hispanic population in a Midwestern city, clustered so they’re mostly within the same district. If the state’s legislative boundaries are redrawn so that half of that population is in one district and half is in another, that would be an example of

What if the boundaries are drawn so that the entire Hispanic population of the city is within one district? That would be

A metes-and-bounds system of land mapping is based in part on

Compared to the rest of the world, the U.S. allows _____ free access to federally-produced geospatial data

Which geospatial technology has made it easier to carry out gerrymandering?

Political geography asks us to look at how _____ is/are a part of the landscapes that we see

In the early U.S., _____ were developed under the _____ system.

The regular grid system that shapes the Midwestern landscape is due to the

If a district is redrawn to include equal numbers of people from group A, which generally has voter turnout rate of 60%, and group B, with an average rate of 30%, this an example of

Geospatial data produced by which government is generally provided for free?

The main advantage of the Public Land Survey System was that it

A cadastre consists of two parts, the cadastral map and the cadastral ____.

Most studies on relations between digital technology and space focus on:

Early geographic work on the effects of digital technology on space focused on _____, or the abstract spaces in which interactions occur.

The majority of studies in geography on digital technology _____ on how users interact with electronic devices

‘Technical’ approaches to using geospatial technology to manage e-waste often incorporate:

Typical ____ approaches to managing e-waste often focus on the entire life cycle of digital devices:

__________ are often used to help determine waste facility locations to optimize waste disposal.

One proposed way of dealing with e-waste is called _______, which involves electronics producers paying a fee for disposal.

___________ involves apprising consumers of the materials used in electronic devices.

Teaching ordinary electronics users how to refurbish devices is one way of _____ their mass production discussed in the lecture.

Some advocacy groups who attempt to curb e-waste have recommended banning:

The rapid spread of Open Data Portals leads to _____, or the increased ability of ordinary citizens to produce or obtain data from government administrators

The lecture discusses how _____ are often used to find the quickest route for sanitation vehicles to reach waste facilities

Most studies in geography on digital technology focus on how _____ interact with electronic devices

_____ have compelled many international agencies to intervene in the informal jobs that have emerged around e-waste

Many of the first geographers who explore effects of digital technology on space focused on _____, or the abstract spaces in which interactions occur

GIS are often used to find the _____ for sanitation vehicles to reach waste facilities

Technical approaches to using geospatial technology to manage e-waste often incorporate:

Health risks have compelled many international agencies to ____ the informal jobs that have emerged around e-waste

Typical 'human geographic' approaches to handling e-waste often focus on the _____ on digital devices:

Teaching users how to _____ devices is one way of stemming their mass production discussed in the lecture

One proposed way of managing e-waste is called _____. This involves electronics producers paying a fee for disposal

Most work on relations between digital technology and space focus on:

Most geographers who focus on the physical dimension of digital technology draw attention to: