WorksheetsPathology of cardiovascular system
Total questions: 39
Worksheet time: 21mins
Insufficient blood flow to the heart due to coronary artery disease is?
Ischemic heart disease
Myocardial infarction
Complication: of the Chronic ischemia
1- Arrhythmia
chronic heart failure due to progressive fibrosis.
Superimposed sudden complete coronary occlusion
all of the above
What is the main cause of coronary artery diseases?
Atherosclerosis
Thrombosis
stable angina
Chronic ischemia Insufficient coronary flow.
Acute ischemia Sudden complete coronary occlusion.
UnStable angina
Acute ischemia Sudden complete coronary occlusion
Chronic ischemia Insufficient coronary flow.
Chronic ischemia Etiology & pathophysiology:
Atherosclerosis of coronary artery ----> gradual narrowing of the artery
---->gradual reduction of coronary flow which result in the following effects:
Patchy degeneration
fibrosis of myocardium&
endocardium
valve fibrosis
all of above
Signs and symptoms of the angina
painful in the epigastrium
choking sensation
pain in back, neck area, jaw, or shoulders
heaviness
all
these Complication for
acute ischemia
chronic ischemia
Definition Death of heart muscle due to complete occlusion of coronary arteries or their branches.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Chronic ischemia
Causes of Complete coronary occlusion as in acute ischemia
(MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION) ?
true
false
If obstruction relieved by treatment within 30 minutes ...
Cardiac infarction occurs.
No infarction & hear regains contractility.
If obstruction not relieved for more than 30 minutes
No infarction & heart regains contractility.
Cardiac infarction occurs
this is Complication: of
Old INFARCTION
RECENT INFARCTION
this is Complication: of
Old INFARCTION:
RECENT INFARCTION
Definition of PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
It’s an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity. .
It’s an abnormal accumulation of solid in the pericardial cavity. .
Types of : PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
choose 2
Transudative pericardial effusion
Exudative pericardial effusion.
...
The most common causes of transudative pericardial effusions are
choose 3
heart failure.
liver failure
Nephrotic syndrome
thrombosis
The most common causes of:
Exudative pericardial
transudative pericardial
A pericardial effusion with enough pressure to adversely affect heart function is called :
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
cardiac tamponade.
Definition:
It's the failure of the ventricular contraction to maintain sufficient cardiac output to meet the body's demands.
HEART FAILURE
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
acute left-sided heart failure ---->
acute pulmonary edema.
acute generalized edema.
acute right-sided heart failure ---->
acute pulmonary edema.
acute generalized edema
Hemopericardium ----> preventing filling of blood during diastole
left acute heart failure
right acute heart failure
both right & left acute heart failure
Acute infection with toxemia ----> toxic myocarditis ---> .......
right side acute heart failure
left side acute heart failure
both right & left acute heart failure
left Chronic heart failure
right Chronic heart failure
right chronic heart failure
left chronic heart failure
- Stage of
Compensation
Decompensation (HEART FAILURE)
Stage of
Decompensation (HEART FAILURE)
Compensation
(common 90%) which occurs above the age 40 years
1- Primary essential hypertension
Secondary hypertension.
Etiology:
A) Primary essential hypertension
choose 3
Genetic factor
Neurogenic mechanism
Sodium intake
2- Endocrine diseases
Secondary hypertension
choose 3
Renal diseases
Endocrine diseases
Vascular diseases
Neurogenic mechanism:
Definition: It’s is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect fibrous tissues of body structures
especially the heart & joints
Rheumatic fever
Systemic Hypertension
Etiology:
The disease Rheumatic fever typically develops two to four weeks after a streptococcal throat infection.
It’s common in ???
adult 20-40
children 5 – 15 years
Rheumatic fever
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Definition:
It’s is an inflammation of valvular endocardium.
ENDOCARDITIS
Rheumatic fever
ENDOCARDITIS Bacteria as a part of
septicemia.
rheumatic fever
ENDOCARDITIS Non bacterial as in:
septicemia.
rheumatic fever.
Non - infective endocarditis. ------->. ( ........................) ------>stenosis or regurgitation
fibrosis
LETHAL
DISEASE
infective endocarditis ------->. ( ........................) ------>. vegetation on the surface of valves
fibrosis
LETHAL
DISEASE
