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WorksheetsNutrition- Midterm
Total questions: 67
Worksheet time: 34mins
Which of the following best defines nutrition?
A science that includes everything about food
A science that tells you how to eat
A science thats older than other sciences
A science that pertains primarily to the American diet
Nutrition contributes to Wellness. Which of the following describes how nutrition can contribute to wellness?
Providing energy for physical activity and brain function
Preventing and treating specific chronic illness
Providing an opportunity for social interaction
All of the above are ways that nutrition can continue to wellness
Which of the following is not the primary energy contributing macronutrient?
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Vitamins
All of the above contribute equal energy
According to the United States Department of Agriculture Food Database a large hard boiled egg provides 60 Calories and 6 grams of protein. How many Calories are coming from protein?
60 calories
54 calories
6 calories
24 calories
Which of the following is the term used to identify nutrients that are required in relatively small amounts?
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Trace nutrients
Organic nutrients
Water is an important nutrient. Which of the following is a function of water in the body?
Transport of nutrients
Regulation of nerve impulses
Regulation of body temperature
All of the above are functions of water in the body
Which of the following is NOT a micronutrient?
Vitamin C
Calcium
Protein
They are all micronutrients
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are specific reference values for nutrient intake. Which of the following DRIs would meet the nutrient needs for the greatest number of people within a specific group of people?
Adequate Intake
Tolerable Upper Limit
Estimated Average Requirement
Recommended Dietary Allowance
Why do we use the scientific method to provide evidence to support a hypothesis?
This method is a systematic way to answer questions
This method requires the researcher to make observations
This method develops a repeatable experiment to answer the research question
All of the above are reasons to use the scientific method as a way to gather data to support or reject a hypothesis
What qualifications would not be helpful in determining high-quality, reliable nutrition information?
Number of products that can be purchased associated with the information
Credentials of the individual
Education of the individual
Representing agency
Which of the following terms would be used for a diet made up of food and beverages that supplies high level of nutrients for fewer calories?
Nutrient-dense
Moderate
Balanced
Adequate
A food label includes the Percent Daily Values for the food in the package. If a food contained 30% of the %DV for fat, would this be a food be high in fat or low in fat?
High
Low
Health and nutrient claims made by food companies must be approved by
the company producing the food
the state in which the food is produced
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
the U.S. Department of Agriculture
In order to claim that the a food is fat free or sugar free it must contain which of the following?
The food must contain less than 20 kcal from fat or from sugar per serving
The food must contain less than 3 g of fat or of sugar per serving
The food must contain 0 g of fat or of sugar per serving
The food must contain 0.5 g of fat or of sugar per serving
Which of the following is a Dietary Guideline recommended by the USDA and the USDHHS?
Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce your sodium intake
Provide a statement of identity and an ingredient list on food labels
Eat a variety of foods in moderation
Change conditioned taste aversions by reintroducing foods
The USDA has developed recommended daily serving for five major food groups. According to these recommendations, what is the recommendation for vegetables?
3 oz per day
2.5 cups per day
1.5 cups per day
5.5 oz per day
Fast food meals oftentimes provide dense caloric content. Which of the following can help to reduce the calories consumed when eating at a fast-food restaurant?
sharing a meal with a friend
choosing smaller portions
eating only half of the meal
all of the above are methods to decrease the caloric intake at a fast-food restaurant
What term is used for a serving size that is one ounce for grains or proteins?
ounce-equivalent
normal serving size
metric serving size
small serving size
Calories coming from solid fats and added sugars are called
bad calories
high calories
empty calories
dense calories
Which of the following are considered simple sugars?
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
monosaccharides and disaccharides
Which of the following is the polysaccharide found in animals and similar in structure to starch?
fiber
amylopectin
glycogen
animal starch
What is the primary function of carbohydrate from the diet?
provides undigested particles for excretion
provides fuel (energy) for cells
provides structure to cell membranes
primary building block for proteins
Which enzyme will break down lactose into glucose and galactose?
lactase
pancreatic amylase
salivary amylase
sucrase
What happens to galactose once it is absorbed into the bloodstream?
It is transported throughout the body and stored in muscle cells to be used as fuel
It is transported to the liver and converted directly to glycogen
It is converted to fat in the muscle cells
It is transported to the liver and converted to glucose
You have consumed a high-starch meal. Which of the following hormones would you expect to go up after that meal has been digested and absorbed?
Glucagon will go up in the blood in response
Insulin will go up in the blood in response
Glycogen will go up in the blood in response
Both b and c will occur
The term that indicates the potential rise in blood glucose caused by a food is
carbohydrate loading
glycemic index
glycogen storage
gluconeogenesis
What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range of carbohydrates in the diet?
10-35% of total energy intake
20-35% of total energy intake
45-65% of total energy intake
70-85% of total energy intake
A serving of a breakfast cereal has 30 grams of total carbohydrate. How many calories are coming from carbohydrate?
120 calories
270 calories
90 calories
30 calories
The Acceptable Daily Intake provided by the FDA defines safe intake of
simple sugars in a lifetime
fiber per day
alternative sweeteners per day
polysaccharides per day
Which of the following is the most common food-based lipid?
cholesterol
free fatty acids
phospholipids
triglycerides
We have learned about cells earlier in the book. Which fats are important to the structure of cells?
triglycerides as part of cell membranes
phospholipids as part of cell membranes
cholesterol as part of DNA
all of the above are true
Why are saturated fats and trans fats bad for your health?
both saturated fats and trans fats have a straight, rigid shape
both saturated fats and trans fats have a bent, flexible shape
both saturated fats and trans fats cannot pack tightly into the cell membrane
both saturated fats and trans fats are liquid at room temperature
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the body?
protection
source of energy
cellular function
all of the above are functions of fat in the body
Which of the following organs release enzymes that chemically break down the bonds in triglycerides?
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
all of the above release enzymes to break down the bonds in triglycerides
In what form is the majority fat transported to the liver?
as free fatty acids
as micelles
as chylomicrons
as fatty acids attached to cholesterol
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat is 20–35% of total energy intake. A food contains 10 grams of fat and 90 Calories per serving. What percent of the total energy is fat?
10%
100%
50%
25%
Linoleic acid and Alpha-linolenic acid are essential fatty acids. What are essential fatty acids?
fatty acids that you need to consume in food
fatty acids that can be produced in the body
fatty acids that are needed in higher concentration than any other fatty acid in your diet
fatty acids that are unhealthy for you to consume
As you prepare a meal you choose to remove the skin from the chicken breast and bake it with a little flax seed oil. You also choose to use low-fat yogurt in your baked potato. Which of the following nutrients are you trying to regulate in your diet?
cholesterol
omega-3 fatty acids
triglycerides
you could be trying to regulate all of the above fats in your diet
Which of the following is a function of proteins in the body?
metabolic processes as enzymes
immune function
muscle mass
all of the above are functions of proteins in the body
The body has many types of proteins, estimated to be 1–2 million different proteins. How do we get that many proteins from 20 amino acids?
genes can code for 20 amino acids to be combined in different ways through transcription and translation
amino acids can spontaneously combine to form any number of proteins when needed by the cell
all 20 amino acids are modified through denaturation in order to form different functional proteins
through transamination we combine amino acids by peptide bonds to form proteins in cells
What occurs when a protein is exposed to heat, acids, bases, heavy metals, or alcohol?
transamination
deamination
denaturation
protein turnover
What will happen if a person doesn’t consume the essential amino acids in recommended concentrations?
other amino acids will be changed to the essential amino acids in cells
the body will produce the essential amino acids from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
the body will be unable to produce the proteins that require these amino acids
through transamination these amino acids will be produced by the liver
Which of the following is the first step in chemical digestion of proteins in the digestive tract?
large proteins begin to be chemically digested in the mouth by enzymes in the saliva
pepsin in the stomach begins the chemical break down of proteins into amino acids
proteases in the small intestine begin the process of chemical digestion of proteins in the digestive tract
proteases in the large intestine begin the process of chemical digestion of proteins in the digestive tract
We have determined that a 220 pound person requires 1.0 g/kg of protein. How much protein does he/she need to consume per day?
220g
110g
100g
50g
Which of the following foods do not contain complete proteins?
milk
quinoa
eggs
all of the above contain complete proteins
Which type of vegetarian diet is most restrictive in consuming animal products?
vegan vegetarian
lacto-vegetarian
ovo-vegetarian
pescovegetarian
Protein-energy malnutrition occurs exclusively in developing countries.
True
False
Which of the following areas of the body contain the most fluid?
extracellular space
intracellular space
intravascular spave
fluid volume is equal in each space in the body
Which of the following electrolytes is positively charged and in highest concentration inside cells?
potassium
sodium
chloride
phosphorous
Which of the following is not a function of water in the body?
as a solvent to transport solutes throughout the body
helps maintain body temperature within normal range
lubricates tissues
stores energy in adipose tissue
Water balance is important in overall health. What process do we depend on in order to maintain the balance of water inside the cell versus outside the cell?
diffusion of water
movement of water through osmosis
movement of water through blood pressure
movement of water through evaporation
The body must maintain overall fluid balance, as well as intra and extracellular fluid balance. How does the body maintain fluid balance overall?
generating the feeling of thirst
reducing urine output through the function of antidiuretic hormone
creating water through metabolic reactions
all of the above are important in maintaining fluid systemic fluid balance
Which of the following is the most accurate fluid requirements for an adult woman?
8 glasses per day
12 glasses per day
240ml per day
fluid requirements are individualized
Which of the following electrolytes are we most likely to consume large quantities of without even realizing it?
calcium
sodium
potassium
magnesium
Dehydration can develop as a result of
physical activity in high temperatures
drinking sports drinks
heat loss during cold weather
eating dry foods
What is the primary role of B-vitamins in the body?
provide energy to the body
provide calories to produce energy
act as coenzymes to activate enzymes to produce energy
both a and b
Which of the following vitamins is involved in both amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism?
thiamin
vitamin B12
folate
all of the above are important in carbohydrate metabolism
Which of the following is the deficiency disease for thiamin?
pernicious anemia
pellagra
beriberi
ariboflavinosis
Which of the following is the richest source of niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and folate?
dairy products
broccoli
fish
whole grains
Which deficiency is the most probable cause of dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia and death?
thiamin
riboflavin
niacin
iodine
Which of the following coenzymes has the most diverse and extensive list of functions?
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Iodine
Chromium
The term free radicals is defined as
unstable atoms with unpaired electrons
highly stable atoms with unpaired electrons
stable atoms with paired electrons
highly unstable atoms with paired electrons
What is the problem with free radicals produced during exchange reactions within the cell?
free radicals can cause the formation of a "leaky" cell membrane
free radicals can cause cell proteins to become damaged
free radicals can cause deoxyribonucleic acid damage
all of the above are possible problems associated with free radical production
Which of the following is the primary way that vitamins act as antioxidants?
vitamins act as coenzymes and allow enzymes to destroy free radicals
vitamins donate their electrons to stabilize the free radical
destabilizing oxygen free radicals
vitamins act as antioxidants in all of the above ways
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin. Where would you expect Vitamin E to exhibit its antioxidant effects?
extracellular fluid
peroxidase enzyme systems
within the cell membrane
within the nucleus of the cell
Some minerals assist in the antioxidant role and some are key antioxidant minerals. Which of the following minerals act as a key antioxidant?
Manganese
Copper
Zinc
Selenium
Vision, cell differentiation, reproduction and bone growth are all functions of which of the following micronutrients?
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Iron
Vitamin C
