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WorksheetsWorld History Baseline
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
Why was the attack on September 11, 2001 impactful on a global scale?
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A. Even the most powerful nations learned of their vulnerability to terrorist attacks.
B. The World Trade Towers falling created economic depressions throughout the entire world
C. The United States petitioned for a response from the UN which spawned years of debate without action.
D. A warning was sent from the U.S. that it would engage any nation that had prior knowledge of the attack.
Which of the following conditions commonly exist in nations that experience periods of ethnic cleansing or genocide?
A. Equality in wealth and opportunities between varying ethnic groups and social classes
B. Support from neighboring countries with diverse populations and a culture of acceptance
C. The leadership of democratically elected officials that proportionately represent the population
D. A diverse population with a government largely dominated by members of one ethnic or religious group
Pandemics in the developing and underdeveloped world have the largest impact on which of the following?
A. Social stability and human rights
B. Cultural stability and global perceptions
C. Political stability and diplomatic relations
D. Economic stability and unemployment rates
It is not the first time that Communist tanks have rolled over gallant men and women fighting to redeem the independence of their homeland. Nor is it by any means the final episode in the eternal struggle of liberty against tyranny, anywhere on the face of the globe, including Cuba itself. . . .
[I]t is clear that this Nation, in concert with all the free nations of this
hemisphere, must take all even closer and more realistic look at the menace of external Communist intervention and domination in Cuba. The American people are not complacent about Iron Curtain tanks and planes less than 90 miles from our shores . . . - President John F. Kennedy
Which of the following best describes the purpose of President Kennedy’s statement?
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A. To establish U.S. support for the new Communist regime in Cuba.
B. To apologize to the nation for the ongoing Cold War with the Soviet Union.
C. To educate the American people on the foundations of a Communist government
D. To defend the Cold War policy of intervening to prevent the spread of Communism.
Which of the following is a result of the growing tension between the Soviet Union and Democratic nations in the West?
A. The weakening global reputation of the United States
B. The arms race to develop and test nuclear technology
C. The full military occupation of all Soviet territories by UN forces
D. The decreasing fear of Communism among democratic nations
Which of the following events led to the symbolic end to the Soviet Union and the Cold War?
A. The U.S. surrender in Vietnam
B. The tearing down of the Berlin Wall
C. The construction of the Iron Curtain
D. The democratic re-election of Gorbachev
Which of the following best describes the global interest in the regime changes in the Middle East that result in conflicts like the Persian Gulf War?
A. Most countries have a moral opposition to Islamic fundamentalism.
B. Most countries are directly impacted by the laws and leadership of the region.
C. Most countries have an interest in the natural resources found in the Middle East.
D. Most countries are willing to engage in containment policies to prevent totalitarian rule.
In 1946, Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain "when describing conditions in Europe. What did he mean by this term?
A. European nations needed to build more factories.
B. The militaries of Western Europe were becoming too powerful.
C. Peace had finally spread throughout the countries of Europe.
D. There was a division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe.
What was the main focus of US foreign policy during the Cold War?
A. Extending the political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States.
B. Containment of the spread of communism.
C. Providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.
D. To establish a strong military alliance.
“I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [domination] by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.” - President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.
What was the intent of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
A. Provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.
B. Ensure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia.
C. Limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War.
D. Provide medical aid to South Korea during the Korean War.
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense . . . will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the . . . area. . . .
Which organization includes this statement in its charter?
A. Warsaw Pact
B. United Nations
C. League of Nations
D. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
How was the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union impacted by the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?
A. These treaties established strong military alliances which intensified the Cold War.
B. The Cold War deescalated because the Soviet Union was a member of these alliances.
C. The purpose of these treaties was to improve trade relations between the countries and had no effect on the Cold War.
D. The Cold War intensified because most Americans did not believe that NATO or the Warsaw Pact would be successful.
Which of the following was a major objective of China's Cultural Revolution in the 1960s?
A. introducing democratic reforms
B. reinforcing communist ideology
C. restoring ancient religious traditions
D. expanding contact with Western nations
“There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberation, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”
- President Ronald Reagan (June 12, 1987)
From the quote above, which symbol of the Cold War was President Reagan speaking about?
A. the "Iron Curtain"
B. the Berlin Wall
C. The Grea Wall of China
D. The DMZ
Which of the following conclusions can be made based on the poster above?
A. Jewish people in Germany were more likely to enlist in the military.
B. The Nazis blamed Aryan businessmen for the start of World War II.
C. Most Germans supported the actions that led to the start of World War II.
D. Nazis used propaganda to blame Jews for the war and justify the Holocaust.
Which of the following contributed most to the success of German blitzkrieg tactics?
A. The massive improvement in airplane technology.
B. The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
C. The target’s access to underground tunnels and shelters.
D. The use of a military draft to secure large numbers of infantrymen.
“I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.”
-From the diary of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Which of the following was the most significant result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
A. It damaged the relationship between Japan and Germany.
B. It destroyed the isolationist sentiment in the United States.
C. It disabled the United States naval forces for the remainder of the war.
D. It drastically increased the number of enlisted men in the U.S. armed forces.
Which of the following wartime leaders opposed free democratic elections in territories that were established or reinstated after World War I?
A. Joseph Stalin
B. Harry Truman
C. Franklin D. Roosevelt
D. Winston Churchill
“We have used it against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans.”
--President Truman, August 9, 1945
Which of the following events is being described in the excerpt above?
A. The U.S. atomic bombing in Japan
B. The achievement of victory in Europe
C. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
D. The bombing of the tracks to Auschwitz
Which of the following is a similarity between the conclusion of World War I and World War II?
A. Nations came together to form a peacekeeping organization.
B. The allied powers granted additional lands to the defeated nations.
C. Additional laws were created to protect neutral nations during wartime.
D. Trials were conducted to hold countries accountable for human rights violations.
Which of the following best describes the impact of World War I in Europe?
A. Many countries faced economic and political hardships that allowed for the rise of totalitarian leaders.
B. All nations were required to pay for the war damages and diverted funding away from maintaining their military.
C. Military careers became popular and new technologies were created rapidly to prepare for a second impending war.
D. Allied nations faced economic prosperity as a result of receiving frequent reparations payments from the German government.
How did the economic crises in the United States and Germany in the early 1930s affect the global economy?
A. Allied powers were forced to modify the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
B. Hitler ordered German manufacturers to stop trading with democratic nations.
C.
Many countries relied on the reparations from Germany that they could no longer afford.
D. The United States was no longer able to produce enough products to trade across Europe.
Adolf Hitler’s Rise To Power:
Joined and gained control of a fascist political party
Brutally repressed opposition by using militaristic force
Utilized military and social propaganda to influence the citizens of Germany
Which of the following totalitarian leaders’ rise to power most closely resembles that of Adolf Hitler?
A. Joseph Stalin
B. Vladamir Lenin
C. Benito Mussolini
D. Fransisco Franco
Based on the image above, what did many of the totalitarian leaders that rose to power during and after World War I have in common?
A. A large group of loyal supporters who glorified their leadership
B. The ability to identify a single scapegoat in the population of the country
C. The power to seize control of the government without the knowledge of the public
D. A large military force that could launch a revolution against the central government
Which of the following best describes the objectives of mass incarceration and human rights violations seen during the Holocaust and the Great Purge?
A. They were attempts by military and police forces to overthrow totalitarian government forces.
B. These tactics were used to instill fear and promote loyalty within the country’s population.
C. This was done to protect citizens from the crime and violence associated with targeted ethnic groups.
D. They were attempts to reduce the population of the country in order to stimulate economic growth.
How did the League of Nations fail to prevent the start of World War II?
A. The League was not intended to intervene in international affairs.
B. The League was unaware of the rising totalitarian governments across Europe.
C. The League relied on financial support that was unavailable due to the Great Depression.
D. The League had limited power to intervene and members were focused on problems in their own countries.
The following chart identifies the racial lineage of those considered Jewish.
Which of the following best describes the Nuremberg Laws?
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A. They were the basis for enlistment in the Nazi military and secret police force.
B. They were laws that punished military and police officials who violated human rights.
C. They were anti-Semitic laws that restricted the freedoms of people of Jewish ancestry
D. They were introduced to protect Jewish people in Germany from capture and internment.
Regards: Measures against Jews tonight. . . . Only such measures may be taken which do not jeopardize German life or property (for instance, burning of synagogues; only if there is no danger of fires for the neighborhoods). Business establishments and homes of Jews may be destroyed but not looted. The police have been instructed to supervise the execution of these directives and to arrest looters. In business streets special care is to be taken that non-Jewish establishments will be safeguarded at all cost against damage. . . . As soon as the events of this night permit, the use of the designated officers, as many Jews, particularly wealthy ones, as the local jails will hold, are to be arrested in all districts. Initially only healthy male Jews, not too old, are to be arrested. After the arrests have been carried out the appropriate concentration camp is to be contacted immediately with a view to a quick transfer of the Jews to the camps. —SS Officer Reinhard Heydrich, November 10, 1938
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the passage above?
A. Instructions for the event known as Kristallnacht
B. Documentation of the formation of the Nazi secret police
C. Justification for the internment of Jewish people in Nazi territories
D. Warning against acting violently towards Jewish people and businesses
Which of the following explains the reason for European nations forming alliances in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A. They tried to bring an end to imperialism.
B. They needed protection from American threats.
C. They needed to protect themselves from rival nations.
D. They wanted to increase their chances of winning the Great War.
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. How did imperialism contribute to the cause of World War I?
A. The rivalry over overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.
B. The colonies’ efforts to gain their freedom increased tensions in Europe.
C. Any efforts to encourage trade increased tensions in European colonies.
D. The alliances formed between overseas territories increased tensions in Europe.
What role did the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand play during World War I?
A. It led to the creation of the Triple Alliance.
B. It increased nationalism among the Serbian people.
C. It caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.
D. It led to the formation of an alliance between Russia and Germany.
Which of the following was an impact of major new military technologies on World War I?
A. One side was more powerful than the other leading to total domination.
B. The Germans were less able to withstand the Russians on the Eastern Front.
C. The new technology allowed wars to be fought in the colonies leading to global conflict.
D. The new technology was more effective leading to an increased number of casualties on the Western Front.
Why was Russia ill-equipped to fight in World War I?
A. Russia was the least industrialized of the great powers.
B. The mere size of the country made it difficult to train troops.
C. Russia could not handle the losses they experienced at Tannenberg.
D. The countries Russia allied with did not help them prepare for modern warfare.
Which of the following terms describes the approach to the war in which a nation funnels all of its economic and material resources toward combat?
A. Total war
B. Mass contention
C. Imperialism
D. Nationalism
Which of the following best describes the Byzantine territory at the height of the empire?
A. The empire was almost entirely located in Eastern Europe.
B. The empire was land-locked and could not facilitate travel by water.
C. The empire consisted of territories on multiple continents and in multiple regions.
D. The empire controlled territories that were isolated with no access to travel or trade.
We, Constantinus and Licinius the Emperors, having met in concord at Milan and having set in order everything which pertains to the common good and public security, are of the opinion that among the various things which we perceived would profit men, or which should be set in order first, was to found the cultivation of religion; we should therefore give both to Christians and to all others free facility to follow the religion which each may desire, so that by this means whatever divinity is enthroned in heaven may be gracious and favourable to us and to all who have been placed under our authority.
—from the Edict of Milan, enacted A.D. 313
2. Based on the excerpt above, which of the following was a consequence of Constantine the Great’s Edict of Milan?
A. Christians became widely persecuted across the Roman Empire.
B. Christianity eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
C. The Eastern capital of “New Rome” was given the name Constantinople.
D. The Byzantine Empire adopted and preserved many aspects of Greek culture.
3. Which of the following is an example of how the Byzantine Empire was both a continuation and departure from the old Roman Empire?
A. Constantinople became a center for art and architecture.
B. The Byzantine Empire was heavily influenced by Greek culture.
C. Justinian’s Code of laws was developed from and replaced Roman law.
D. The Great Schism divided the religious leaders of Rome and the Byzantine Empire.
Which of the following is a major contribution of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The return of the Roman Empire to its former glory.
B. The establishment of democracy and the end of totalitarian rule.
C. The unification of Christian leaders across the Eurasian continent.
D. The continuation and expansion of various aspects of Greek and Roman culture.
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the Byzantine Empire?
A. The Great Schism weakened the Orthodox Church
B. The Western Roman Empire conquered Constantinople
C. Economic decline due to an inability to trade on the Mediterranean Sea
D. Disease spread and neighboring civilizations attacked Byzantine territory
Which of the following is the BEST example of the lasting impact of the Roman Empire?
A. The Pope continues to serve as the leader of Rome.
B. Roman law remains the foundation of most European legal codes.
C. Many buildings constructed during the height of the empire still stand.
D. The Greek language is still spoken in many territories of Eastern Europe.
Which of the following is true about the impact of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire on Western Europe?
A. Western Europe entered a period known as the High Middle Ages, when trade and learning flourished and urban populations increased.
B. Western Europe entered a period sometimes called the Dark Ages, when learning declined and urban populations decreased.
C. Western Europe's new Germanic kingdoms were able to thrive by maintaining old Roman roads and coinage.
D. Western European economies declined as the ancient economic system of barter collapsed in new Germanic kingdoms.
Which of the following best explains how the Ottomans expanded their empire?
A. They gained most territory through conquest.
B. Regions joined the empire after adopting the Muslim faith.
C. They purchased land with the wealth acquired by superior crafting and trade.
D. The Romans looked to them for guidance after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire.
Which of the following is a major difference that separates the three Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam)?
A. They all worship different gods.
B. They each have their own distinct sacred texts.
C. They each follow the same basic commandments.
D. They all believe in the same key prophets and religious leaders.
The Islamic Golden Age gave way to the most notable advances in which of the following areas?
A. Arts and literature
B. Mathematics and Sciences
C. Military tactics and weaponry
D. Political philosophy and economics
Which of the following events best describes the European response to Islamic expansion?
A. Muslims were targeted by the Crusades and Spanish Inquisition.
B. The Black Plague spread as Europeans moved into Africa and Asia.
C. Many European kings adopted Islamic beliefs and imposed them on others.
D. Church membership began to decline across Europe and the Pope lost political power.
How did the people of Japan respond to challenges that prevented the success of a strong central ruler?
A. They relied on China for leadership and guidance.
B. They adopted a feudal system similar to that of Europe.
C. They broke into militias and encouraged Samurai to fight for territory.
D. They became subsistence farmers and never developed a unified culture.
“The sense of Honor, a vivid consciousness of personal dignity and worth, characterized the
samurai. He was born and bred to value the duties and privileges of his profession. Fear of
disgrace hung like a sword over the head of every samurai … To take offense at slight
provocation was ridiculed as ‘short-tempered.’ As the popular adage put it: ‘True patience
means bearing the unbearable.’ -Bushido Code [paraphrased]
Which of the following most influenced the samurai’s Bushido Code?
A. The teachings of Buddhism
B. The leadership of the Shoguns
C. The European Code of Chivalry
D. The works of female Japanese authors
In the Japanese feudal system, which group held the most power in local communities?
A. The Emperor
B. The Shogun
C. The Daimyo
D. The Samurai
Which of the following is true of both Knights and Samurai?
A. Both followed strict codes of conduct
B. Both were subjects of the king or emperor
C. Both were volunteer positions with few benefits
D. Both were the lowest ranking members in the social hierarchy
West African kingdoms like Mali gained immense wealth due to their large supply of what resources?
A. Gold and salt
B. Cotton and silk
C. Silver and gems
D. Servants and wheat
The Songhai had settled on both banks of the middle Niger River. They established a state in the 15th century, which unified a large part of the western Sudan and developed into a brilliant civilisation [...] The capital was at Gao, a city surrounded by a wall. It was a great cosmopolitan marketplace where kola nuts, gold, ivory, slaves, spices, palm oil and precious woods were traded in exchange for salt, cloth, arms, horses and copper. [...]
Based on the excerpt above, what characteristics did the Songhai kingdom have that contributed to the success of all African Kingdoms?
A. Strong infrastructure and tax revenue
B. Access to major bodies of water for trade
C. Enough natural resources to remain self-sufficient
D. A reliance on slave labor for production and protection
What did Mansa Musa’s successors do with his wealth when they gained power in Mali?
A. They spent it lavishly on luxury goods.
B. They used it to support local merchants.
C. They stopped charging taxes from citizens.
D. They used to improve education and build libraries.
Which of the following contributed to the fall of the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai?
A. The kingdoms were colonized by emerging countries in Europe.
B. They converted to Islam and did not pay tribute to indigenous traditions.
C. They were subject to civil wars, wars against foreign rulers, and poor leadership.
D. They overextended the use of natural resources and suffered from natural disasters.
“Famine or fear of stronger enemies might force one tribe to ask another for help and give themselves in a type of bondage in exchange... [T]hose seeking protection, or relief from starvation, would become the servants of those who provided relief. Debt might also be worked off through a form of servitude. Typically, these servants became a part of the extended tribal family.” -The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Lumen Learning
Based on the excerpt above, slavery in medieval African kingdoms is most similar to which of the following?
A. Debt peonage
B. Serfdom in Feudal Europe
C. The Transatlantic Slave Trade
D. Enslavement of prisoners of war
What is one reason that some Italian city-states such as Venice, Milan, and Naples grew into major commercial centers during the 13th and 14th centuries?
A. geographic location
B. artistic achievements
C. individual achievement
D. use of vernacular language
Which of the following was an effect of Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press on Western Europe?
A. The price of books increased.
B. The number of universities in England decreased.
C. Literacy levels decreased among very religious leaders.
D. Europeans were exposed to new ideas about religious and secular thought.
The School of Athens was painted by Rafael in 1511.
How did the School of Athens reflect the development of humanism?
A. It blended medieval subjects, such as the nature of life after death, with secular subjects.
B. It blended medieval subjects, such as the nature of life after death, with religious subjects.
C. It blended Greek and Roman cultures, as evidenced by the philosophers at the center of the background, with secular subjects.
D. It blended Greek and Roman cultures, as evidenced by the philosophers at the center of the background, with religious subjects.
How did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the development of the Scientific Revolution?
A. The Protestant Reformation supported the development of the printing press.
B. The Protestant Reformation supported the cultural rebirths of the Renaissance.
C. The Protestant Reformation supported independent thought on scientific matters which led to independent thought on spiritual matters.
D. The Protestant Reformation supported independent thought on spiritual matters which led to independent thought on scientific matters.
In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus published the theory that the universe was heliocentric, with the sun at the center.
What was the effect of Copernicus’s theory of the universe?
A. It challenged Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity.
B. It challenged technology used by Galileo Galilei to build an astronomical telescope.
C. It challenged the medieval Catholic Church’s stance that the earth was the center of the universe.
D. It supported medieval scholars who had tried to make the physical world fit in with the teachings of the Catholic Church.
Erasmus was a Dutch philosopher, Catholic priest, and playwright who wrote about church subjects in the early 1500s.
Julius: Some say there is one cause for which a pope can be deposed.
Peter: When he has done something good, I suppose, since he is not to be punished for his bad deeds.
Julius: If he can be publicly convicted of heresy. But this is impossible, too. For he can cancel any canon he does not like. Or he can recant.
Peter: Fortunate pope, who can cheat Christ with his laws! Quite true, the remedy in such case is not a council.
Erasmus' play, Julius Excluded from Heaven, 1514
Which of the following statements describes Erasmus’s criticism of the Catholic Church?
A. The pope, as leader of the Catholic Church, has done something good.
B. The pope has formed a council to convict members of the Catholic Church for heresy.
C. The pope corrupted the Catholic Church by going against church teachings and by abusing his power.
D. The pope is not to be punished for his bad deeds against the Catholic Church and was publicly convicted of heresy.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
A. The Anglican Church was founded as an alternative to the Protestant Church.
B. The Council of Trent was formed to put Martin Luther on trial for selling indulgences.
C. The Inquisition was ended because members of the Catholic Church were being found guilty of too many religious crimes.
D. The Council of Trent was formed to reaffirm Catholic beliefs and end abuses in the Catholic Church in order to challenge the spread of Protestantism.
The Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica pre-dated the Maya and Aztec civilizations in the same region.
What contribution did the Olmec people make to the Maya and Aztec civilizations?
A. the development of quipu
B. the development of the calendar
C. the development of wheat farming
D. the development of cattle ranching
This 16th-century illustration shows an Aztec taking a prisoner of war after a battle.
What role did war prisoners take in Aztec society?
A. War prisoners were sacrificed to the sun god.
B. War prisoners were held for ransom from Aztec enemies.
C. War prisoners were used to carry messages along the extensive network of Aztec roads.
D. War prisoners were encouraged to become Aztec warriors to fight other Aztec enemies.
How did both the Maya and Inca adapt to their physical environments in order to successfully develop agriculture?
A. The Mayas built chinampas for farming and the Incas built terraces for farming.
B. The Incas built chinampas for farming and the Mayas built terraces for farming.
C. The Mayas built chinampas for farming and the Incas used crop rotation for farming.
D. The Incas used slash and burn and the Mayas built terraces for farming.
The map shows Aztec city-states in the Mexico Valley around the year 1519 CE.
Which Aztec ruler is credited with uniting Tlacopan and Texcoco with Tenochtitlan to form the Triple Alliance in order to increase Aztec military power?
A. Moctezuma I
B. Hernan Cortes
C. Huayna Capac
D. Pascal the Great
What is an example of the changes caused by the Columbian Exchange?
A. world population declined
B. European power quickly declined
C. American diseases spread to Europe and China
D. American foods like corn and potatoes were introduced to European diets.
What is an example of a belief system that was spread to the Americas as a result of the Columbian Exchange?
A. Islam
B. Hinduism
C. Buddhism
D. Christianity
Which statement describes an impact that the Columbian Exchange had on the lives of Africans?
A. Cross-cultural trade between Africa and Asia declined.
B. New diseases were brought to Africa and resulted in massive deaths caused by a plague.
C. The transfer of Africans to Europe supported the developments that led to the Industrial Revolution.
D. The forced enslavement and transportation of Africans to the Americas by Europeans resulted in a captive labor force for more than 200 years.
The map shows the maritime trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas known as triangular trade.
A. Middle Leg
B. Mercantilism
C. Middle Passage
D. Vertex Passage
What idea do both the English Bill of Rights and the Enlightenment political philosophy of John Locke support?
A. absolute power
B. limited government
C. aristocratic anarchy
D. communist bureaucracy
Thomas Hobbes published his book, Leviathan, in 1651. He argued that people were cruel, greedy, and selfish, causing life to be unpleasant, poor, and short.
What was the foundation of Thomas Hobbes’s social contract?
A. Only a laissez-faire government could produce an orderly society.
B. Only a government that protected natural rights could produce an orderly society.
C. Only a powerful government, such as an absolute monarchy, could produce an orderly society.
D. Only a weak government, such as one headed by an enlightened despot, could produce an orderly society.
“Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.”
― John Locke, Second Treatise of Government
What document John Locke’s view of natural rights directly influences?
A. the Magna Carta
B. the Petition of Right
C. the United States Sentiments
D. the Declaration of Independence
This illustration shows Thomas Paine surrounded by injustices that led to the French Revolution, in 1789. Paine wrote the “Rights of Man” in defense of the French Revolution.
Which Enlightenment philosophy contributed to the French Revolution?
A. rococo art
B. laissez faire
C. anarch rights
D. social contract
King Philip II ruled Spain from 1556 to 1598; Portugal from 1580 to 1598; Naples and Sicily from 1554 to 1598; and ruled the Netherlands from 1555 until the Dutch Republic declared independence in 1581.
The Enlightenment was a reaction to what political philosophy?
A. anarchy
B. absolutism
C. democracy
D. communism
The graphic shows the three branches that divide the functions and powers of government in the United States.
Which Enlightenment philosopher proposed separation of powers as the best way to protect liberty?
A. Voltaire
B. Montesquieu
C. Mary Wollstonecraft
D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This illustration shows Adam Smith, the author of The Wealth of Nations.
Which statement describes the Enlightenment economic philosophy of laissez-faire?
A. Unequal distribution of property was caused by the corruption of society.
B. Only enlightened despots should be allowed to influence a country’s economy.
C. Businesses should be free to operate with little or no interference from the government.
D. Privately owned businesses should operate with complete oversight from local governments.
Which of the following Enlightenment ideas found more support during the French Revolution than the American Revolution?
A. Public office should be held by those with talent and not by those with money.
B. Equal rights for all meant equal rights for men and women according to natural law.
C. A monarchy based on enlightened absolutism was the most sound basis for a government.
D. The financial privileges of the wealthy should be redistributed among other members of society.
Which of the following accurately describes one impact of the Enlightenment on the French Revolution?
A. French revolutionaries sought to create a society in which the rights of the individual would be more important than that of a government.
B. The revolution helped revitalize the French economy by adopting an economic system based on the natural laws of supply and demand.
C. The supporters of the revolution wanted to institute a new constitution in which women would be given a more equal status.
D. Revolutionaries hoped to establish a new legal system in which an absolute monarchy would govern according to Enlightenment principles.
Which of the following events did not contribute to the French Revolution?
A. poor harvests, which contributed to high food prices for the peasantry
B. the abolishment of privileges
previously enjoyed by the First and Third Estates
C. a financial crisis caused by the king's war debts and the costs of running the government
D. a crisis in Paris, which contributed to unrest in the countryside known as the Great Fear
Which of the following helped Napoleon Bonaparte consolidate power following the French Revolution?
A. the lower classes gaining more political control
B. the Catholic Church emerging as a powerful force
C. the establishment of the French Parliament
D. the creation of the predecessor to the European Union
The image best depicts which effect of the Industrial Revolution?
A. child labor
B. colonialism
C. urbanization
D. increased wealth
He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. Having deprived her of this first right of a citizen, the elective franchise [the right to vote], thereby
leaving her without representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides.
He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead.
He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns.
Excerpt from The Declaration of Sentiments – Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
What British and American reform movements were related to this document?
A. the labor movement
B. the abolitionist movement
C. the expansion of women’s rights
D. the expansion of immigrants’ rights
It is the highest impertinence and presumption… in kings and ministers, to pretend to watch over the economy of private people, and to restrain their expense… Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776
The author of the passage would MOST likely agree with which economic philosophy?
A. capitalism
B. communism
C. mercantilism
D. socialism
This illustration shows King John of England signing the Magna Carta in 1215.
What was the purpose of the Magna Carta?
A. to weaken the power of nobles
B. to limit the power of the monarch
C. to increase tax collection in England
D. to increase the power of the monarch
This painting shows King Henry III meeting with his Parliament circa 1235.
What was the effect of Parliament obtaining the “power of the purse” to control the approval of new taxes in England?
A. Parliament was able to limit the power of the monarch.
B. Parliament was able to decide where tax money should be spent.
C. Parliament was able to reduce the amount of taxes paid by peasants.
D. Parliament was able to reduce the amount of taxes paid by churches.
Which term describes the legal principle that no person can be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime?
A. cannon law
B. common law
C. habeas corpus
D. due process of law
