Its primary goal is to foster the development, operation, and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system.

A private, non-profit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standards and conformity assessment system.

Used around the world to improve product quality, enhance health and safety, strengthen market access and trade, and build consumer confidence.

A soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil

AASHTO stands for _____.

ANSI stands for _____.

ASTM stands for _____.

USCS stands for _____.

AASHTO defines boulders sizes as:

AASHTO defines gravel sizes as:

AASHTO defines coarse sand sizes as:

AASHTO defines fine sand sizes as:

AASHTO defines silt-clay particles sizes as:

These are tests performed on soils passing the No.40 sieve.

The liquid limit is that moisture content at which a soil changes from the liquid state to the plastic state, measured when soil in a shallow dish flows to close a 12.5 mm groove after 25 drops from 1 cm.

The water content at which a silt or clay material will just begin to crumble when rolled into a thread approx 3.2mm (1/8 inch) in diameter.

It is defined as the Liquid Limit minus the Plastic Limit; that is the range of water content over which sediment behaves.

Soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raise an existing grade, or as a man-made-deposit; generally used under footings, pavers, or concrete slabs on grade.

Soil materials with sand equivalent of not less than 50%; used to prevent the movement of fine particles out of soils and other natural materials through which seepage occurs; conforming to ASTM C33, size 67.

Selected laboratory‑approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders or other similar materials with not more than 35% fraction passing the No. 200 sieve.

Hard durable fragments of stone and a filler of sand or other finely divided mineral matter, free from vegetable matter and lumps of clay, complying with the following AASHTO METHODS T‑11 and T‑26 Grading Requirements

The following are local borrow fill materials except _____.

True of False: Riprap gradations range in diameter from 50mm (2 inches) to 1148mm (42 inches).

Stone-filled wire baskets used to stabilize soil and prevent erosion.

Construction materials consisting of synthetic components made for use with or within earth materials.

Most common geosynthetics, and consist of woven or non-woven fabric made from polymeric materials such as polyester or polypropylene generally used for reinforcement, separation, and filtration.

When the geotextile fabric lends its strength to low load-bearing soil to increase the overall design strength and decrease the amount of sub-base and base course material.

When the geotextile is placed between dissimilar materials to prevent migration of one of the materials into the other.

When the geotextile is used to prevent the movement of fine particles from soil through which seepage occurs.

Those employed in sub-surface drainage applications, such as filters around under-drains or edge drains, or under paving.

Those employed to protect cut slopes or drainage features. When used in conjunction with a stone lining or riprap, they would serve a secondary function of separation.

Exclusively those used for silt fence applications. While they serve the purpose of "filtering" runoff, the mechanism by which they function is different than subsurface drainage or erosion control applications.

continuous polymeric sheets

Used for lining of ponds, lagoons, landfills, canals, reservoirs, roads, and waterproofing of structures.

The most frequently used for ground applications are thermoplastic products manufactured from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC); and thermoset polymer Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) frequently used for membrane roofing applications.

Should not to be subjected to tensile stresses and should be treated gently during installation and subsequent use.

Consist of a combination of geosynthetic components; are usually sheet or edge drains consisting of a prefabricated core to which a geotextile filter is bonded.

The core provides void space to which water can flow in-plane while the geotextile filter keeps soil from filling the voids created by the core.

It consists of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs that form void space through which provide in-plane flow capacity; available with or without bonded geotextile filters.

TRUE or FALSE: Geonets without bonded geotextile filters are sometimes referred to as composite drainage nets (CDNs).

three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems ranging from 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 inches) high

Originally developed to rapidly stabilize soft subgrades for mobilization of large equipment, they are now frequently used for protection and stabilization of steep slope surfaces and protective linings for channels.

TRUE or FALSE: Permanent materials for erosion protection consist of open mesh polymeric systems, biodegradable mesh system, or a combination of polymeric and biodegradable mesh.

TRUE or FALSE: The open mesh systems for erosion protection serve as a semi-permanent mulch, anchoring seeds and soil particles subject to erosive flows in channels.

TRUE or FALSE: Greater flow rates and volumes usually require denser mesh and more durable construction.

A layer of sand with uniform size particles. The sand must be large enough to prevent the termite from moving through it effectively and of a consistency that prevents its use in "tunnel" construction.

Steel mesh product that is fine enough to keep even tiny termites from passing through it. Termite Mesh is used in slab construction (concrete slabs are poured over or with the mesh).

Used to wrap pipes and other access areas.

Sometimes used around the foundation of a home during construction.

In particularly high-risk termite environments, homes are sometimes designed on high concrete pillars to physically separate the home from the distance termites can travel from their colony.

The objective of this method is to establish a continuous termiticide barrier or treated area between potential soil access routes and the structure to either kill or repel subterranean termites that attempt to reach the structure.

almost always applied during construction, to the soil and foundation

There are also termite resistant building products, from drywall to floor joists; often treated with borates.

created by applying 4 gallons of termiticide per 3 linear meters by rodding or trenching around the base of foundations, plumbing, utility entrances, expansion joints, and where two slabs will join

Treatment of trenches involves digging a trench, no wider than 150mm (6 inches), applying termiticide to the trench, and mixing with soil as the soil is replaced.

Hollow block voids of foundations should also be treated with 16 liters (4 gallons) of termiticide per 3 linear meters.

Made by applying 4 liters (one gallon) of termiticide per 3 square meters. The treatment is usually accomplished by applying a coarse spray at low pressure.

Trenches are dug around the foundation, termiticide applied and the trench filled back in. Chemicals may also be injected into the soil in the crawl space/basement and around the foundation.

The objective of this method is to attract the termite workers to forage on a slow-acting insect-growth regulator (IGR) called hexaflumuron that will work to eliminate the termite workers population and entire colony.

The system employs baiting and monitoring devices, installed where evidence of infestation is found: on the ground outside the house, on walls, floors, ceilings inside the house.

Material that provides a wearing surface for pedestrian or vehicular traffic in environment.

Unit pavers laid out on a sand setting bed that is somehow resilient and which distributes loads to sub-grade in a radiating manner.

To restrain horizontal movement. it requires wood, steel, stone, or concrete edging.

Made of reinforced concrete slabs or paving units mortared over a concrete slab.

Pavement that requires reinforcement and extension of the base material along edges.

Pavements made of unit pavers with spacing in between to accommodate grass or ground covers over a top soil mix.

A filter layer of finer material that is installed over a coarse road base material to provide a stable foundation of fine-grained aggregate for the construction of a pavement.

A dark brown to black cementitious material, solid or semi-solid, composed of bitumens which when mixed with graded aggregates is used as paving material by placing, shaping, and compacting while hot over a prepared base.

Asphaltic concrete prepared with a relatively light and slow-curing asphalt, placed over a prepared surface without heat. This hardens to a state that is less firm and durable than hot-mix asphaltic concrete.

Formed by grading and compacting layers of crushed stone or gravel, then the top layer is bound by asphalt to stabilize the stone, provide a smoother surface, and seal against water penetration.

When one or more courses or layers of asphalt an asphalt levelling course made of an asphalt and aggregate mixture of variable thickness to correct the contour of existing surface, are placed on existing pavement.

A type of road construction pioneered by John Loudon McAdam in 1820. A simplified method where single sized aggregate layers of stone with a coating binder as a cementing agent are mixed in an open structures macadam.

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