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Enlightenment Philosophers IB Euro, AP Euro

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Phiospher who wrote "Two Treatesies on Government"

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Condorcet

d)

Voltaire

2.

Philosopher who wrote "Essays Concerning Human Understanding."

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Rousseau

d)

Montesquieu

3.
said that supply and demand would move towards a natural equilibrium because an “invisible hand” would move them to intersect at a point that would maximize satisfaction.
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
John Locke
4.

Theory of Knowledge. Asks questions about how we know what we know

a)

Epistemology

b)

Tabula Rasa

c)

Empiricism

d)

Enlightenment

5.

Knowledge that comes from careful observation that is observed with your senses.

a)

Empiricism

b)

Epistemology

c)

Enlightenment

d)

Absolutism

6.

Rights that are so obvious that they should be given to ALL men simply because they are human

a)

Natural Rights

b)

Empiricism

c)

Divine rights

d)

Tabula Rasa

7.
They focused on proving ideas can be proven by reason, instead of by religious faith.
a)
Enlightenment thinkers
b)
Republic of Letters
c)
Middle Ages
d)
Ancient Greece
e)
French Revolution
8.
 tried to collect all of the ideas of the Enlightenment into one volume to “change the way people think.”
a)
Diderot
b)
John Locke
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Newton
9.
Wanted a  “natural religion” where definitions of  good and evil came from reason.
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
John Locke
d)
Diderot
e)
John Locke
10.
sense of justice common to all people that is so obvious it shouldn’t have to be explained. 
a)
natural rights
b)
Physiocrats
c)
empiricism
d)
blank slate
e)
epistemology
11.
wrote Spirit of Laws. 
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
e)
Thomas Hobbes
12.
wrote The Social Contract
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Diderot
13.
During the Scientific Revolution and this time period, the works of many scientists and philosophers were similar in that they examined natural laws governing the universe.
a)
Enlightenment
b)
divine right absolutism
c)
English Civil War
d)
French Revolution
e)
Middle Ages
14.
said that man’s bad nature was due to the evils of society, and that it was a social as well as a political contract that would get people to agree to a common will.
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
e)
John Locke
15.
described supply and demand’s impact on the economy in a free market
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
John Locke
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Montesquieu
16.
famously said “crush the infamous thing,” which meant to crush bigotry, intolerance, superstition, and even organized religion. 
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
e)
Thomas Hobbes
17.
thought life was “nasty, brutish and short,” and that all people were created selfish and terrible
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
John Locke
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Diderot
18.
was the first to describe the functioning of economic markets in a laissez-faire system.
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Diderot
19.
stated that God created the universe to run like a clock—without interference.
a)
deists
b)
Physiocrats
c)
philosophes
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
John Locke
20.
Speculated that man was born a “tabula rasa.”
a)
Diderot
b)
John Locke
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Voltaire
21.
Rousseau’s idea that said that the citizens should decide the best form of government.
a)
General Will
b)
Physiocrat
c)
divine right absolutism
d)
Tabula Rasa
e)
empiricism
22.
“father of modern economics.”
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
John Locke
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Diderot
23.
thought a strong absolute monarchy was the correct form of government because people needed to be controlled by a strong hand
a)
Adam Smith
b)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
c)
John Locke
d)
Thomas Hobbes
e)
Diderot
24.
refers to Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, among others.
a)
philosophes
b)
Physiocrats
c)
Epistemology
d)
editors of Encyclopedia
e)
natural rights
25.
Popularized the ideas of the Enlightenment in France, met at salons and published in newspapers to reach the general public.
a)
Deists
b)
Philosophes
c)
Physiocrats
d)
Absolutists
e)
empiricists
26.
He D’Almbert were the primary authors of the Encyclopedia.
a)
Diderot
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Voltaire
27.
Wrote Leviathan 
a)
Diderot
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Voltaire
28.
Wrote  Two Treatesies on Civil Government.  
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Voltaire
29.
Approved of revolution when the government had violated property rights.
a)
John Locke
b)
Montesquieu
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Voltaire
30.
 A French author known mostly for literature like Candide until later in life, when he popularized the achievements of English scientist and philosophers like Newton, Bacon and Locke. He was a strong supporter of religious toleration.
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
e)
John Locke
31.
When he edited and published his famous book, it was banned in 18th Century France, which only drew more readers once it was published in secret.
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Diderot
e)
John Locke
32.
Said government should be divided into judicial, executive and legislative branches. 
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Newton
e)
John Locke
33.
 wrote The Principia to try to describe the universal laws of nature that describe the natural world.
a)

Newton

b)

Rousseau

c)

John Locke

d)

Diderot

e)

Thomas Hobbes

34.
 Most famous for advancing the concept of all people having natural rights based on life, liberty and property.
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Diderot
35.
means that you give up some freedoms in order to be ruled by a leader who will protect other rights.
a)
Social Contract
b)
General Will
c)
philosophes
d)
Empiricism
e)
epistemology
36.
 gave a lot of thought to epistemology and decided that humans learn primarily through empiricism, not instinct.
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Diderot
37.
Author of “Essays Concerning Human Understanding.”
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Thomas Hobbes
d)
Rousseau
e)
Montesquieu
38.
Editor of The Encyclopedia.
a)
John Locke
b)
Voltaire
c)
Diderot
d)
Montesquieu
e)
Thomas Hobbes
39.

He said "I think, therefore I am." (Cogito ergo sum)

a)

Descartes

b)

Voltaire

c)

Diderot

d)

Montesquieu

40.

He's responsible for our understanding of exponents and graphing on the x,y,z axix

a)

Montesquieu

b)

Diderot

c)

Descartes

d)

Rousseau

e)

Voltaire

41.

They were the Enlightened Monarch of Austria who increased peasant freedoms and even made clergy and nobles pay taxes

a)

Louix XVI

b)

Joseph II

c)

Catherine the Great

d)

Frederick the Great

42.

They tried to tax everybody equally, like the "taille"but the attempts were evaded. He also hired Maupeou, who tried to make judicial procedure the same throughout the country.

a)

Joseph II

b)

Frederick the Great

c)

Louis XV

d)

Catherine the Great

43.

They centralized the state more than other Enlightened Despots, chose a single administrative language for the Empire, declared equal crimes should have equal punishment no matter the class of the offender, and created a secret police to watch over the bureaucracy.

a)

Frederick the Great

b)

Catherine the Great

c)

Louis XV

d)

Joseph II

44.

Was an Enlightened Despot in theory, though an uprising in the countryside made them more authoritarian, including torturing the leader of the rebellion

a)


Frederick the Great

b)

Catherine the Great

c)

Louis XV

d)

Joseph II

45.

The most typical example of this idea is Louis XIV because as he said “I am the state” and he had ultimate authority.

a)

Absolute monarch

b)

Enlightened Despot

c)

Enlightened Monarch

d)

Constitutional Monarch

46.

This monarch simplified the varied laws of the country, made the legal courts cheaper and honest, gave religious freedom and created universal elementary education for children of all classes. A bit of a control freak, however, s/he trained no successor and didn’t really change the rigid system of social classes in the country.

a)

Joseph II

b)

Frederick the Great

c)

Maria Theresa

d)

Catherine the Great

47.

tried but failed to reform the taille, the tax code.

a)

Joseph II

b)

Frederick the Great

c)

Louis XV

d)

Catherine the Great

48.

 developed a legal code called “The Nakaz” that was based on the ideas of Montesquieu and other Enlightenment philosophers.

a)

Maria Theresa

b)

Joseph II

c)

Catherine the Great

d)

Frederick the Great

49.

  1. This person created the “Maupeou parlements” made the judges bureaucrats instead of nobles and made judicial procedure uniform throughout the country.

a)

Catherine the Great

b)

Maria Theresa

c)

Louis XV

d)

Joseph II

50.

Thinker who promoted segregationist thinking and believed in multiple human species, though he advocated for the abolition of slavery.

a)

Locke

b)

Voltaire

c)

Montesquieu

d)

Rousseau

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