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Phylogenetic Trees

Total questions: 28

Worksheet time: 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

According to this image, which two domains of life are most related?

a)

Bacteria & Archaea

b)

Archaea & Eukarya

c)

Eukarya & Bacteria

2.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which organism is the outgroup?

a)

Mouse

b)

Frog

c)

Salamander

d)

Fish

e)

Human

3.

What do you call the traits shown on phylogenetic trees, such as "four limbs" or "vertebrae"?

a)

Derived characteristics

b)

Speedy Lambofeeties

c)

Branching elements

d)

Harmonious changes

4.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

5.

What number is the common ancestor of C and D

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

6.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

7.

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

a)

Giant panda

b)

Dog

c)

Lesser panda

d)

Sun bear

8.

Which organism is the most distantly related to all the others?

a)

Raccoon

b)

Dog

c)

Giant Panda

d)

Sun Bear

9.

Who is most closely related to Taxidea taxus?

a)

Lutra lutra

b)

Panthera pardus

c)

Canis latrans

d)

Canis lupus

10.

Which of these animals does not have/produce an amniotic egg?

a)

Turtle

b)

Leopard

c)

Lamprey

d)

All three of these animals produce the amniotic egg

11.

According to this tree, which of these animal phyla are most closely related?

a)

Arthropoda & Mollusca

b)

Arthropoda & Chordata

c)

Chordata & Mollusca

12.

The diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities. Which two species are MOST CLOSELY related.

a)

I and II

b)

II and IV

c)

I and V

d)

V and VI

13.

Which point is where the sponge and mushroom diverged?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

14.

Which organism is most closely related to the mouse?

a)

Mushroom

b)

Tomato

c)

Fern

d)

Sponge

15.

Which organism is the outgroup?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

16.

Which two pairs are sister groups on this phylogenetic tree?

a)

AB & CD

b)

BC & EF

c)

EF & GH

d)

all of them

17.

The colored boxes represent _________ on a phylogenetic tree.

a)

Outgroups

b)

Derived Characters

c)

Sister Groups

d)

Clades

18.

All phylogenetic trees are hypotheses, they are constantly

changing with new information.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Which group of animals on this tree are most closely related to birds?

a)

Saurischian dinosaurs

b)

Ornithischian dinosaurs

c)

Crocodiles

d)

None of these are related to birds

20.

For the tree in this image, which order of organisms could the data fit?

a)

1. Mida cichild; 2. W. Omdoam cpelacamth; 3. Western clawed frog

b)

1.W. Omdoam cpelacamth; 2. Mida cichild; 3. Western clawed frog

c)

1. Western clawed frog; 2. W. Omdoam cpelacamth; 3. Mida cichild

21.
What does the red circled node represent?
a)
The common ancestor species of A and B
b)
A speciation event
c)
Both a and b
d)
The common ancestor species of B and C
22.
Which way does time run on this tree?
a)
From root to branch tip
b)
From branch tip to root
c)
Across branch tips, from left to right
d)
Across branch tips, from right to left
23.
Which species lived more recently in time, the common ancestor of A and B or the common ancestor of B and C?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
Neither-- they existed at the same time
24.

Which of these would be an example of an exaptation seen in species or groups of animals? (select all that apply)

a)

trunks in elephant species

b)

tusks in narwhals

c)

echolocation in bats

d)

long necks in giraffes

e)

hair in mammals

25.

Check out your notes - front page should have examples of exaptations. Be sure you can name an exaptation, its ORIGINAL function, and the other additional functions the trait has. You will not be able to use feathers in birds as an example on the quiz!

a)

I can do this Mrs. Scott!

b)

What is an exaptation? (go check your notes!)

26.

What is an exaptation?

a)

An adaptation that started with one function and now has several functions

b)

An adaptation that is no longer useful for an animal to have

c)

A harmful adaptation that causes animal groups to go extinct

d)

A helpful adaptation that continues to be useful for a single function

27.

Using the genetic data in the photo, place the amino acids in the correct position on the tree

28.

Which bird is the outgroup?

a)

Common rosefinch

b)

Po'ouli

c)

I'iwi

d)

Kaua'i 'amakihi