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WorksheetsUnit 2 - Biochemistry Test Review
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 13mins
The diagram shows a glucose molecule. Which is the primary function of a glucose molecules?
To make up the structure of cell membranes
To act as a catalyst for chemical reactions
To encode genetic information
To provide energy for cell activities
The surface tension of water is much higher than other substances. Pond striders take advantage of this by seemingly having the ability to “walk/skate” on water. Which of the following best explains the properties of water that allow pond striders this ability?
This is caused by water’s cohesive property due to it being polar and hydrogen bonding.
This is caused by water’s high specific heat, so it takes more energy to heat up water and it can retain heat longer.
This is caused by water’s density as a solid being lower than as a liquid.
This is caused by water’s ability to dissolve ionic and polar compounds.
Roger is comparing a model of a sugar molecule to a model of an amino acid. Which of the following evidence statements would be supported by the two models?
Sugars and amino acids are made of exactly the same elements.
Sugars and amino acids have the same structure.
Sugars and amino acids are made of the same elements except amino acids also contain nitrogen.
Sugars and amino acids are made of the same elements except sugars also contain phosphorus.
Your friend asks you if plants and animals that live in aquatic environments die every winter when the water freezes. Which of the following is the best response to your friend?
All the plants and animals die every winter, and come back in the spring.
Because water is less dense as a solid, there is a layer of ice that forms at the top of the aquatic environments and insulates the liquid water underneath.
Because water is more dense as a solid, a layer of ice forms at the bottom of the lake and allows water to heat up from the sun.
None of the above.
The diagram shows the structure of a water molecule. Water has many special properties, such as adhesive and cohesive behavior. Which of the following best explains why water has these properties?
The atoms of a water molecule are held together by ionic bonds making it nonpolar.
Water is polar and forms hydrogen bonds.
Water is a weak acid and acts as a buffer.
Water molecules join together to form polymers
Lee and Marisol are conducting a science experiment to identify different kinds of macromolecules in food. They prepare the following table to help them remember the chemical reactions that indicate the presence of each type of macromolecule they’re studying. Suppose that one of the substances they’re testing turns bright red when they add a few drops of Sudan stain. What is the basic polymer of the substance?
Glycerol combined with long chains of fatty acids
Strings of amino acids held together with peptide bonds
Short carbon ring in which the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 1:2:1
Polymer made up of many monosaccharides
The diagram shows the structure of a nucleotide. What is the function of a polymer of nucleotides?
Encode genetic information
Immune system support
Assisting biochemical reactions
Hormone regulation
You have identified a new enzyme that functions at a pH range that is similar to salivary amylase. What is the optimal pH of the new enzyme?
2
7
9
8
A cellular enzyme is effectively deactivated by an increase in temperature of 10°C. Which is the most likely mechanism of the deactivation?
The enzyme, which is a carbohydrate, breaks apart into glucose molecules.
The enzyme, which is a carbohydrate, breaks apart into individual fatty acids.
The enzyme is denatured permanently and is no longer able to bind the substrate.
The enzyme reacts with the substrate to produce side products.
Which observation directly illustrates the cohesive properties of water?
Water droplets forming beads of raindrops
Ice floating on liquid water
A body of water changing temperature slower than the surrounding air
Salt dissolves in water
Capillary action is used by plants to bring water that is absorbed in the ground at the roots to the leaves of the plant against the pull of gravity. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
Water uses cohesion and adhesion to pull the water molecules along through the tubes of the plants.
Water has low specific heat and allows the water molecules to evaporate quickly.
Water is more dense as a solid, and will not float as a solid.
Water has a high surface tension due to the polarity of the molecule that allows for hydrogen bonding.
The diagram shows the structure of starch, a complex carbohydrate made up of glucose. What best describes the relationship between starch and glucose?
Starch and glucose are reactants that combine to form proteins.
Starch is a monomer that is used to make glucose.
Starch is a carbohydrate polymer made of glucose monomers.
Starch and glucose are reactants that combine to form nucleic acids.
The diagram shows the general structure of an amino acid. Amino acids bonded by peptide bonds form polypeptide chains. This is the monomer of which type of macromolecule(s)?
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Lipids
All of the above
Which of these is the correct molecular structure of a lipid?
A long chain of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms
A long chain made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
A phosphate group joined to a chain of carbon atoms
An amino acid bonded together
Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP for short, is often called the energy currency for cells because it provides energy to cells once glucose is broken down through a process called cellular respiration. Which type of macromolecule are they classified as?
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrate
Protein
Humans and other living things use evaporative cooling, which is releasing water, to maintain homeostasis and cool down when in hot environments. Which of the following properties of water allows for humans to maintain homeostasis when too hot?
Water has a high specific heat.
Water expands when frozen.
Water bonds to itself.
Water bonds to other molecules.
Which of the following best explains the polarity of lipid molecules and water molecules?
Lipid molecules are polar because they mix poorly with liquids, such as water.
Lipid molecules are polar because they adhere tightly to smooth surfaces, such as paper.
Lipid molecules are nonpolar because they repel water molecules, which also are nonpolar.
Lipid molecules are nonpolar because they repel water molecules, which are polar.
The enzyme lactase is a protein that breaks down the sugar lactose into its monomers glucose and galactose. The enzyme then releases the products and becomes available to catalyze the same reaction once again. How does lactase affect the biochemical reaction of lactose?
It increases the total energy released.
It alters the structure of the product.
It decreases the activation energy needed for the reaction.
It decreases the total mass of the system.
The enzyme lactase is a protein that breaks down the sugar lactose into its monomers glucose and galactose. The enzyme then releases the products and becomes available to catalyze the same reaction once again. After the enzyme releases the molecules of glucose and galactose, what MOST LIKELY will occur next?
The enzyme will be degraded, or broken apart.
The enzyme will repeat its function of binding to reactants and releasing glucose and galactose.
The enzyme will take on a new function and provide nutrient transport for cells.
The enzyme will take on a new function that does not involve chemical reactions, such as providing cell structure or support.
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate.
Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate.
Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die.
Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis.
Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?
Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.
Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates usually have repeating structural rings and lipids do not.
Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen.
Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.
Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?
Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.
Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.
Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.
Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.
Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst (enzyme) from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?
The cell would find a different type of nucleic acid to catalyze the reaction.
The reaction the protein catalyzes would still occur in the cell at a normal rate.
The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.
The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.
Based on the graph, which of the following best explains the effects of continually increasing substrate concentration?
As substrate concentration increases, enzyme rate of reaction increases until the point of saturation is reached.
As substrate concentration increases, enzyme rate of reaction increases continually.
As substrate concentration increases, enzyme rate of reaction decreases continually.
As substrate concentration decreases, enzyme rate of reaction decreases until the point of saturation.
The graph shows the temperature range of an enzyme called trypsin. What is the optimal temperature of trypsin?
0 degrees Celsius
60 degrees Celsius
50 degrees Celsius
40 degrees Celsius
