Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Vancomycin are:

Penicillin

Carbapenems

Vancomycin

Penicillins and Cephalosporins both inhibit: ____ (an enzyme that forms cross-bridges in the structure of bacteria cell walls)

Bacteria become resistant to Penicillin when:

B-Lactamase Inhibitor:

ceftazidime + avibactam =

B-Lactamase Inhibitor:

piperacillin + tazobactam =

When B-Lactamase inhibitors are COMBINED with penicillinase-sensitive penicillin, the antimicrobial spectrum is: _____

Example: amoxicillin + clauvulanic acid = [Augmentin]

PENICILLIN: Which drug is:

-an EXTENDED SPECTRUM (antipseudomonal)

-Given via IV

-Targets Enterobacter, P. aeruginosa, B. fragilis, many Klebsiella, E. coli, H. influenzae, N. gonorrheae

PENICILLIN: Which drug is:

-an EXTENDED SPECTRUM (aminopenicillin)

-Given orally

-Targets: E. coli, H. influenzae, N. gonorrheae, Streptococci

PENICILLIN: Which drug is:

-an NARROW SPECTRUM (Penicillinase sensitive)

-Given orally (stable in gastric acid)

-Targets: Streptococcus species, Neisseria species, spirochetes, and many anaerobes

PENICILLIN: Which drug is:

-an NARROW SPECTRUM (Penicillinase sensitive)

-Given via IV (unstable in acid/gastric acid)

-Targets: Streptococcus species, Neisseria species, spirochetes, and many anaerobes

CEPHALOSPORIN: Which drug is:

-1st Generation

-Given via IV

-Use: surgical prophylaxis

-Poor against Gram (-), Poor distribution to CSF

CEPHALOSPORIN: Which drug is:

-1st Generation

-Given orally

-Use: non-serious soft tissue & UTI infections

-Poor against Gram (-), Poor distribution to CSF

CEPHALOSPORIN: Which drug is:

-3rd Generation

-Given (IV or IM)

-Use: treat gonorrhea (don't drink with alcohol)

-High activity against Gram (-), Good distribution to CSF

*Overuse may cause C. DIFF to develop (...diarrhea)

CEPHALOSPORIN: Which drug is:

-4th Generation

-Given (IV or IM)

-Use: Gram (+ AND -), treat meningitis, febrile neutropenia, pneumonia

-Highest activity against Gram (-), Good distribution to CSF

*POOR AGAINST MRSA*

CEPHALOSPORIN: Which drug is:

-5th Generation

-Given via IV

-Use: MRSA

-High activity against Gram (-), Good distribution to CSF

*POOR AGAINST P. AERUGINOSA*

All Cephalosporins [except ceftriaxone] are eliminated/metabolized through the

If you have a mild allergic reaction to PENICILLIN, you can use what as an alternative?

Which drug classification is used mostly for severe infections in HOSPITALS?

Which drug has:

-a VERY BROAD Spectrum (& Resistant to B-lactamases)

-treats P. aeroginosa and Enterococcus species (BUT NOT MRSA)

-Given via IM or IV

-MUST be given with CILOSTATIN to prevent drug degredation

Which drug:

-inhibits transglycosylase

-treats C. diff and MRSA

-Acts synergistically with aminoglycosides to treat Enterococci

-Adverse Effects: Hypersensitivity (Red Man Syndrome), Thrombophebitis, Ototoxicity, and Nephrotoxicity

It is advised to use 1st and 2nd Generations of Cephalosporins before moving up to 3rd, 4th, and 5th Generations.