Alpha adrenergic receptor that function in presynaptic (-) of noradrenaline release from sympathetic system.

Beta receptor that is located mostly in heart, kidney & smooth muscles. It function is relaxation, tachycardia, apoptosis, + inotropic/chonotropic effects and renin release.

Beta receptor that is mostly located in lung, heart, & smooth muscles. Its function is relaxation, aqueous humor outflow and bronchodilation.

Beta receptor mostly located in adipose tissue and in the left atrium. Function in lipolysis and thermogenesis in brown adipocytes.

Activation of the dopaminergic receptors in abdominal vessels (⬆ renal function by the splanchnic perfusion and ⬆ diuresis) is called:

Activation of the dopaminergic receptors and adrenergic receptors (+ inotropic and chronotropic effect in heart) is called:

Activation of the adrenergic receptors (vasoconstriction) is called:

Sympathomimetic that cause cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, hemolytic anemia and urinary retention.

Acetaminophen and Alprazolam ⬇ its excretion rate

Amiodarone ⬆ its concetrantion.

Indication: Asthma and COPD.

MOA: Agonist of B1, B2 and B3 receptors-> bronchodilator (R- isomer) & Bronchial reactivity (S-isomer).

Metabolic effect: Hyperinsulimia & Hyperglycemia

The administration of Albuterol has B-1 & B-2 effects that causes respectfully:

Side effects:

1. Tachycardia

2. Muscle tremor

3. Seizures

4. Angina

5. Hypokalemia

Drug categorized as Pregnancy Category C and has been related with congenital anomalies in offspring of patients using it.

Indications: Asthma & COPD, Bronchial Asthma, and Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

MOA: Non-selective B1,2,3 agonist

B-2 receptor in lung -> relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles, bronchodilation and ⬆ bronchial airflow.

Side effects:

1. Angina

2. Flu-like symptoms

3. High/Low BP

4. High Blood sugar

5. Rapid HR

6. Seizures

Drug interactions:

+Acetylsalicylic acid= hypertension

+Adenosine= QTc prolongation

MOA: Agonist of A-2 receptors -> (-) of adenylyl cyclase -> (+) of Phospholipase D -> (+) of MAPK -> (+) K and (-) Ca -> ⬇ BP

Side effects:

1. Constriction of pupil

2. Drowsiness

3. High BP and the drop BP

4. ⬇ breathing, HR, reflexes

Indications:

1. Hypertension

2. Manage hypertension in asthmatic or COPD patients.

3. Acute agitation

4. BPH

5. Raynaud's pheomenom

4. Insomnia / nightmares

MOA: (-) postsynaptic A-1 & A-2A /2B receptors -> (-) vasoconstriction of Epi and Nore -> Peripheral blood vessel dilation

Side effects: drowsiness, hypotension, ⬇ reflexes in children.

Pregnancy category C drug

+ Beta-blocker, + Ca antagonist: ⬆ hypotension risk

MOA: Competes with catecholamines for binding at B-1-adrenergic receptors in heart and vascular sm -> ⬇ sympathetic -> ⬇ HR, CO, BP, and reflex orthostatic hypotension.

In higher doses competes with B-2-adrenergic receptors in bronchial and vascular sm.

Side effects:

1. ⬇ HR

2. Fainting

3. + Acetylsalicylic acid = decrease antihypertensive effect

4. + Aliskiren = Hyperkalemia

Indications:

1. Hypertension

2. Angina

3. Atrial fibrillation

4. MI

5. Migrane

6. Pheochromocyoma,

7. HF

8. Anxiety

9. Thyrotoxicosis and Essential tremor.

MAO: non-selective B-receptor antagonist -> (-) chronotropic and inotropic effects -> ⬇ of CO, vasoconstriction, (-) VEGF and bFGF, apoptosis and (-) RAAS.

Side effects: Hypotension, hypoglycemic seizure, euphoria, insomnia, and bronchospasm (if asthma).

+Adenosine and Ca antagonist: QTc prolongation

+Aliskiren: hyperkalemia

Atenolol, Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Metaproterenol, Acebutol, Metoprolol and Betaxolol are:

Indicated in Hypertensive crisis, MI and pheochromocytoma:

Indicated in Hypertensive crisis, and aortic dissection:

Indicated in preclampsia:

Indicated in Hypertensive crisis (urgency):

Indicated in stage B HF:

Dopamine at:

Low doses:

Mean dose:

High dose:

MAO:

At standard dose: + Inotropic and Chronotropic effect

At High doses: Renal vasoconstriction and Coronary vasodilation.

Apraclonidine, Midodrine, Oxymetazoline and Phenylphrine are:

Doxazosin, Labetalol, Carvedilol, Nebivolol and Metyrosine are: