The revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models in the 14th–16th centuries. 

An English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. 

A person engaged or learned in philosophy, especially as an academic discipline.

Having or representing the earth as the center, as in former astronomical systems.

Having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical model of the solar system.

An Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, inventor, and philosopher who revolutionized astronomy and biology 

States that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass

French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician who is often called the "Father of Modern Philosophy".

a systematic approach to gaining knowledge and understanding the world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

a form of government in which power is divided and shared between a central (national) government and smaller regional governments, such as states or provinces, which are also called sub-units

the principle that a government's authority is derived from the will and consent of the people it governs.

A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.

an 18th-century form of monarchy where absolute monarchs, or "enlightened despots," used their power to implement Enlightenment-inspired reforms while retaining their absolute authority

(of furniture or architecture) of or characterized by an elaborately ornamental late baroque style of decoration prevalent in 18th-century Continental Europe, with asymmetrical patterns involving motifs and scrollwork.

social gatherings held in private homes during the Enlightenment, where intellectuals, writers, artists, and philosophers came together to discuss ideas, share knowledge, and debate contemporary issues

Not authorized by the law; not in accordance with accepted standards or rules.

An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.

An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.

an 18th-century European intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized reason, logic, and science over superstition and blind faith, aiming to understand the natural world and improve human society. An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.