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WorksheetsHuman Dev. Exam 1 Review
Total questions: 34
Worksheet time: 19mins
Which research strategy is the BEST for determining cause and effect relationships?
experimental
correlational
observational
standardized tests
What is the main problem with survey research?
it is very expensive to conduct
subjects give inaccurate results
it is not objective
it cannot be conducted in a laboratory setting
A researcher concludes from her study that, on a typical day, students spend only 50% of their time engaged in learning. What specific type of research must have been conducted in order for this conclusion to be valid?
single-subject design
participant observation
descriptive
experimental
Random assignment is used in experiments because...
it guarantees that the results will be statistically significant
researchers want people from different social classes to be in separate groups
researchers want to be able to generalize the findings to people who did not participate in the experiment
researchers want to minimize the differences between experimental and control groups so these differences do not affect the results of the study.
Paul Baltes (1987) claimed that non-normative life events can provide an important context for life-span development. With this concept, the term "non-normative" refers to an event that...
happens to younger children but not to older adults
is not likely to happen to very many people
used to happen to everyone but no longer occurs very much today
happens to almost everyone regardless of when or where they live
A normative historical graded influence for you is...
Which of the following principles is demonstrated when one gene overrides the effect of a second gene?
polygenic inheritance
facilitated gene action
forward-backward gene operation
dominant recessive traits
Which comparison of siblings would give you the MOST information if you wanted to study how much genetics influences personality?
comparing two fraternal twins reared apart
comparing two identical twins reared apart
comparing two fraternal twins reared together
comparing two identical twins reared together
Which of the following is a direct contributor to a child's phenotype?
child's genotype
child's environment
parents' genotype
A & B
Shelby has blue eyes (bb) and her husband has brown eyes (BB). If they have four children, which scenario is most likely?
two children have brown eyes and two children have blue eyes
three children have brown eyes and one child has blue eyes
all four children have brown eyes
all four children have blue eyes
Which sex is more likely to inherit Fragile X syndrome, a condition in which abnormalities cause mental retardation and why?
Males because sex-linked conditions are primarily inherited by males
males because they only have one x chromosome
females, but only when the fragile x is dominant
females because chromosomal disorders are passed on from mothers to daughters
The AIDS virus CANNOT be contracted...
at conception through a chromosomal abnormality
during the birth process when maternal and fetal blood may mix
following birth, through breast feeding
during the prenatal period, when HIV virus crosses the placental barrier
The formation of a primitive heart would take place during the ____ period of development
embryonic
germinal
fetal
zygotic
Mahori was strapped to his mother's back for the first year of his life. Which of the following statements is true?
Mahori's parents need to feed him protein in order for his muscles to develop appropriately
Mahori's motor development will be similar to an American child if they are compared during kindergarten
The sequence of his motor development will be different from that of babies in cultures where walking is actively encouraged
When it comes to Mahori's development, environment plays a larger role than genetics
The proximodistal development pattern is best described as...
drawing, which is first completed using the entire arm and then the hand and fingers
toilet training which proceeds from urine control to bowel movement
head size, which originally is one-fourth of the body and ends up one eighth
memory, which proceeds from sensory memory to short-term and to long-term
If an alien randomly dropped in on ten newborns, it might conclude that humans spend the entire first months of life
eating
crying
pooping
sleeping
Breastfeeding an infant is superior to bottle feeding because...
breast-feeding is more convenient and adaptable to an on-demand schedule
breast milk is superior in the nutrients infants need
bottle fed infants have weak attachments to their caregivers
breastfeeding is not superior to bottle feeding, its a myth
Which substance is unable to pass through the placenta?
oxygen
bacteria
carbon dioxide
viruses
Both Ella and Alexis weighed 4 lbs at birth. Ella was born two weeks before her due date and Alexis was born two months before her due date. Which of the following would you predict about Ella and Alexis?
Ella and Alexis are both equally likely to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
Alexis is more likely than Ella to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
There is no research evidence that either Ella or Alexis are more likely to experience serious problems compared to full-term, normal birth-weight babies
Ella is more likely than Alexis to die, catch infections, and show evidence of brain damage during the first year
Which of the following statements is NOT true about teratogens?
the kind of damage done is the same irrespective of the stage of pregnancy
the adverse outcome depends on the dosage amount
the negative effect of teratogens is amplified if the fetus is exposed to more than one risk factor
not all developing organisms will be susceptible to teratogenic effect
On the basis of violation-of-expectations research, some information-processing researchers have suggested that...
at birth and extremely young ages, babies have knowledge of physical principles
infants may develop object permanence and an understanding of numbers sooner than Piaget thought
babies are born with innate learning mechanisms that help them make sense of the information they encounter
All of these
In Gibson and Walk's (1960) experiment, infants refused to crawl across a visual cliff while their mothers were coaxing them because of...
failure of visual activity
failure of hearing
depth perception
poor muscle tone
The Dynamic System theory integrates...
thought and language
memory, cognition, and biology
development and social norms
perception, thought, and action
According to Piaget, the development of representational ability improves children's thinking because it...
allows them to repeat activities for their own pleasure
enables adaptation
stops them from deferring imitation
frees them from the immediate experience
Brant has been told by his older sister that a tomato is a fruit. No way, thinks Brant. Who would put a tomato on their cereal or ice cream? Brant has experienced...
assimilation
accommodation
self-reliant thinking
object permenance
Which emotion is an infant most likely to develop last?
fear
pride
surprise
anger
According to Erickson, children will develop an excessive amount of shame and doubt about their abilities in all circumstances EXCEPT...
impatient parents do things for their children that they are able to do themselves
children are allowed to express their emotions
when children are overprotected
accidents the children have had or caused are criticized
Brady wants to pour milk on his bowl of cereal himself. When his mother starts to pour the milk, he puts his hands over the bowl and yells "No, ME do it". What Ericksonian stage is Brady most likely in?
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
industry vs inferiority
integrity vs despair
In order for children to learn a language, they...
must be exposed to a variety of different speakers
must be able to hear
must interact with humans
activate the Language Activation Device (LAD)
Quinn and his colleagues showed three and four-month-old children photographs of cats. After a series of cat pictures, the infants were shown two more photos, one of a cat and one of a dog. The infants looked longer at the photo of the dog than they did of the cat. Researchers interpreted this behavior as...
evidence that the children had been using a category to classify cats
evidence that such young children were able to recognize the photos as symbols of cats
evidence that such young children had mastered object permanence
evidence of socio-emotional development
Quinn and his colleagues showed three and four-month-old children photographs of cats. After a series of cat pictures, the infants were shown two more photos, one of a cat and one of a dog. The infants looked longer at the photo of the dog than they did of the cat. Staring at the dog picture longer than the cat photo is an example of...
habituation
dishabituation
focusing
centering
The way that children resolve the autonomy vs shame and doubt crisis influences their later sense of...
attachment to the family
confidence in their own ability
cooperation in groups
evaluation of new ideas
Jorden and her mother are playing with an interesting squeaky toy. Jorden's mother is squeezing the toy in front of Jorden and Jorden is laughing and reaching for the toy. Jorden's mother quickly puts the toy behind her back. At this point Jorden turns away from her mother and begins staring at the ladybug print of her dress. Jorden is probably approximately what age?
one month
six months
ten months
fifteen months
Researchers asked pregnant women to read a particular children's book aloud every day before birth. Three days after birth babies...
paid more attention to their mother's reading of that book than other books
paid more attention to another mother's reading than their own mother
were more attentive when their mother read another book
did not respond to the readings because hearing is poorly developed at birth
