In ________, Mamluks seized control of the government and established the Mamluk Sultanate (1250-1517)

 Muslims from Central Asia who challenged the Abbasids.

 They conquered parts of the Middle East to Western China beginning in the 11th century. 

  leaders were called sultans.

 Once they took over they reduced the role of the highest-ranking Abbasid from caliph to chief Sunni religious authority.

European Christians organized into groups of soldiers in hopes of re-taking the holy land, Jerusalem. The Abbasids allowed Christians to travel to and from their holy sites.

But under the Seljuk Turks, they  sacked the holy cities (including Jerusalem) and stopped allowing Christians to make their pilgrimages there.

 Shariah- ________ canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran

(1201-1274)- contributed to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy, and medicine. An observatory was built following his direction and this observatory was able to produce the most advanced and accurate astronomical charts in the world at this time.

 He also laid the groundwork for trigonometry.

 Medical advances and hospital care improved in places like Cairo.

(1332-1406)- Known for his historical accounts and is acknowledged as a founder of the fields of historiography (the study of the methods of historians) and sociology.

Sufi missionaries would adapt to local cultures and traditions and sometimes they would adapt local religious elements into Islam and they won a lot of ______ this way.

Islamic society viewed _________ as more prestigious than other societies in Europe and Asia. (Muhammad was one and his first wife was too)

 _______ were viewed this way as long as they were fair in their dealings and gave to charity (pillars of Islam the Zakat-tithe to charity) Some _______ were even sent out as missionaries.

The ___________ did not rule for long in the Middle East, they did keep their power in Spain. In 711, Muslim forces defeated Byzantine armies across North Africa and then they invaded Spain from the south. Córdoba was their capital in Spain

Islamic military was turned back in 732 when it lost this battle against Frankish forces. Rare defeat for the Islamic armies in the 700s, limited the rapid expansion into Western Europe. Most of the continent remained Christian, but Muslims rule Spain for the next seven centuries.

ships that carried goods. These were first developed in India or China. These were great for carrying goods but bad for warfare

Islamic state in Spain became known as a center for learning. Córdoba had the largest library in the world at that time.

aka - Averroes to the Europeans (12th century)- famous scholar who wrote influential works on law, secular philosophy, and the natural sciences.

All of the following were achievements of the GOLDEN AGE of ISLAM EXCEPT.....

Where was the Abbasid capital

Muhammad's death created a crisis and split in the Islamic faith due to disagreement over ________ .

Which of the following was the Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic?

Shia Muslims believed that Muhammad's successor should be

The Abbasid empire collapsed after the invasion of the Mongols in ____.

The Abbasid empire's culture over time adopted ______ language and customs

The Muslim wave of conquest and expansion included all of these areas except

A significant cultural change due to Islam was the creation of the concept of the _____.

Hajj, or _____________, requires a journey to Mecca (Makkah).

Political developments in Dar-a-Islam included the creation of the ______ and ______, new forms of Islamic governments

Non-Muslim people of conquered territories could continue to practice their religion if ...

What is the Arabic word for God?

Where did Islam spread?

Describe the overall impact on the Abbasid Islamic practices on the status of women in Islamic empires

Between the years 1200 to 1450, What three religions influenced Europe, Africa and the Middle East?

Under the Abbasid Caliphate, which city became the learning center?

During this time period, in what country did Jews, Christians and Muslims live in relative tolerance and cooperation?

Which description was NOT apart of the Mamluk Sultanate?

Seljuk Turks originated from

Define a sultan:

What were the roles of a caliph?

The Seljuk Turks clash with which empire?

Crusaders were

Islamic scholars translated and built upon the works of...

Which of the following are NOT part of the 5 Pillars of Islamic Faith?

After the death of Muhammad, why did Islam split?

Who were the Mamluks?

What caused Baghdad's economic struggles and beginning of its decline?

What is Shariah law?

Which one of these was NOT an Abassid Innovation?

Mansa Musa was:

Why was it beneficial for Africans to convert to Islam?

Dar-al-Islam refers to what?

What was 'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah best known for?

What invading group captured and conquered Anatolia (most of present day Turkey)?

Overall, Islamic women enjoy a higher state than Christian or Jewish women because they were allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following were true of Córdoba, Spain EXCEPT

Kin-based networks formed in Sub-Saharan Africa, which are based on

The Hausa Kingdoms, which were loosely connected through kinship ties, benefited from the

All of these are true about the Mali Empire EXCEPT

The Great Zimbabwe was

Griots were important because they

Who were the Berbers?

What area did Ibn Battuta NOT travel to?

Islam spread to various regions in all of the following ways, EXCEPT:

People of the Book ... (according to Muslims)

Baghdad was:

Mansa Musa's wealth was a result of the countries vast resources of?

The Swahili language developed from a mixture of what languages?

This region was Christian throughout its history, despite being surrounded by Islam