Virtual networks can be used

Virtual storage is used

Virtual servers are used

Virtual memory is used

Electronic coffee maker

Personal laptop

Washing machine

Central heating boiler

Real time

Embedded

Distributed

Multi-user

Shortest remaining time

Multi-level feedback queues

Round robin

First come first served

A server design specifically for virtual reality programs

A server which can only operate in the cloud

The process of using software to create multiple instances of a server

A server that handles virtual memory

An interpreter that translates intermediate code

A computer system which runs software in the cloud

A design for a hypothetical machine

A computer in the cloud

To store the most frequently used instructions and data in the processor, speeding up the computer

To allow access to documents in the cloud, anytime, anywhere

To extend the storage capacity of the computer

To allow more programs to execute than could be possible with the physical RAM available

Virtual memory

Virtual server

Virtual reality

Virtual network

It requires a lot more configuration than primary memory

It slows the computer down because of the extra data transfer needed

It uses up a lot more RAM instead of hard disk space

If the remote server is not available you cannot access your files

The logical division of memory

The organisation of memory into fixed size units

The splitting of a large program into a number of procedures

The organisation of memory into different sized units

Operating system

Input device

Compiler

Applications

It is costly

It requires an internet connection

It is difficult to manufacture

It slows the computer down

Deals with each process in the order in which they arrive

Deals with each process in turn allocating each a time slice of processor time

Deals with each process aiming to complete the process requiring the least amount of processing time first

Uses many queues to prioritise processes for execution

A program is executed over a collection of independent and physically separate computers with the results being returned to a central server

Any operating system designed to allow multiple processes to be carried out at the same time

An operating system intended to serve and process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays

Any operating system designed to allow multiple users to connect to it from different locations at the same time

The power-on self test

The user interface

Synchronising the flow of data between registers

The initial boot sequence

Translates commands from the operating system into hardware specific commands

Allows multiple input devices, e.g. keyboard, mouse and controller

Provides a standard connection for compatibility between devices, e.g. USB

To check that components are installed correctly when the computer performs a power-on test

Operating system

Spreadsheet

Word processor

Web browser

Any operating system designed to allow multiple processes to be carried out at the same time

The software is spread over a collection of independent and physically separate nodes

An operating system intended to serve and process data as it comes in, typically without buffering delays

Any operating system designed to allow multiple users to connect to it from different locations / computers at the same time

A software routine that prevents your system from crashing if it gets an interrupt

A software routine to handle interrupts which can only be invoked by software

A software routine that hardware or software invokes in response to an interrupt

A software routine which is always invoked by a user interrupt action

Refreshing the current in memory cells

Fixed size memory blocks

Variable sized memory blocks

Logical divisions of memory

Real Time

Multi-tasking

Distributed

Embedded

File management

Providing debugging tools for a programmer

Prevent packets of certain IP addresses entering the network

Merge sorting

Permanent On Self Test

Permanent On Service Test

Power On Self Test

Power On Service Test

First come first served

None of these are pre-emptive

Shortest job first

Round robin

CPU component: ALU

Primary memory: RAM & ROM

CPU component: cache

Peripherals

Rendering graphics to the monitor

Arithmetic and logic

Peripheral management

Storing frequently used instructions

Putting instructions into a memory space in the CPU so that it doesn't need to fetch them again from the RAM if they are needed soon afterwards

Putting documents you have created into the cloud so you can work on them anytime, on any computer connected to the internet

Putting instructions and data the CPU is not using to secondary storage to load in ones that it currently needs

Putting documents onto a removable storage medium for safe keeping just in case the original data becomes corrupted

ROM & flash memory

Optical disk

Virtual memory

RAM

Internal clock triggers suspending a running process

Shutdown to start triggered by the user pressing the off button

Memory parity error

Arithmetic overflow

Add meta-data to files

User management

Optimise algorithms for execution

Searching records in a database

Deciding where to load programs in to the RAM

Protecting against SQL injection

Synchronising the flow of data between registers

The power-on self test

They are checked independently from the F-D-E cycle

After decode but before execute

After fetch but before decode

At the end of each F-D-E cycle

RAM

Virtual memory

Processor registers

Cache

Handles processes in the order in which they arrive

Handles each process in turn

Handles different queues using priorities to promote and demote processes

Handles the processes requiring the least amount of time to complete first

Capable of carrying out a wide variety of tasks

Often resource limited

Typically designed for a single purpose

Includes a simple or no user interface

A type of system designed to control other systems

A virtual system within a system

A system built into a smart building

System with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical/electrical system

The read-write head on a disk moving more than it needs to as a result of disk fragmentation

Spending more time transferring instructions than executing them

Sending more data from the RAM to the disk than the controller can cope with, therefore requiring buffering

Backing up data to more than one disk at a time using RAID strategies

Basic Interface Output System

Basic Interconnected Output System

Binary Interface Output System

Basic Input Output System

Program that handles power failures while a computer system is running

Program that passes control of the operating over to the user

A routine that checks that the hardware is installed correctly before loading the operating system

Program that loads the operating system

It allows you to install and run virtual reality software

It speeds up the execution and running of programs

You can run software on a machine for which it wasn't originally designed

It executes source code

Providing for different users to log in to a computer retaining their settings and security

Providing real-time communication such as video calling

Providing anti-virus protection

Providing for different users to collaborate on the same document online

Operating system > Hardware < Applications

Hardware > Applications < Operating system

Applications > Hardware < Operating system

Hardware > Operating System < Applications

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first although they may return to the ready queue before completion if a shorter job arrives

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first but can be returned to the ready queue by time slicing

Processes are executed in the order they arrive in the ready queue

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first until they are complete

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first but can be returned to the ready queue by time slicing

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first until they are complete

Processes that are estimated to have the shortest execution time are run first although they may return to the ready queue before completion if a shorter job arrives

Processes are executed in the order they arrive in the ready queue

Primary storage: RAM & ROM

Peripherals

Secondary storage: Hard disk/SSD

Tertiary storage: External mounted drives

Having more than one user profile so different people can log into the same computer.

Running multiple applications at the same time by giving each a small time-slice of processor time.

Having more than one operating system installed and choosing which to boot.

Running multiple applications at the same time by having more than one processor.

To turn source code into machine code

To synchronise the movement of data between the registers in a CPU

To create documents such as letters and spreadsheets

To provide a platform on which users can run programs

The use of hard disk space to store running jobs when main memory runs out of space

The process of system administrators setting limits on memory usage

The process of organising the computer memory flexibly

An operating system tool to allow the user to divide up their hard drive and main memory

A way of managing processor time

A way of managing access to I/O resources

A way of managing multi-core processors

A way of managing virtual memory

Disk thrashing

Disk becomes full

Disk threading

Disk requires buffering

It creates a secure network without having to change the physical layout (topology) of the arrangement of the computers

The computer can have more programs loaded at the same time than it has the RAM for

It makes the computer much faster by having an additional memory space

The remote server is almost always available so you can access your files anytime, anywhere

Variable size memory blocks

Fixed size memory blocks

Fetching the next instruction as the current one is being decoded

Parts of files distributed across a disk

The hard disk may not be large enough to store all the files

A user may want to access files stored on remote servers in the cloud

A computer cannot multi-task when it runs out of memory

Networks need to kept secure

Storage in the cloud

The cache memory in the processor

Using the hard disk as if it were memory

Data is not lost when the computer is switched off

Method used by your operating system to manage a users calendar

The process which handles the start up of a computer system on boot up

Term used to describe what jobs get loaded into main memory and when

Maximising the use of the processor time between open processes

Deals with the processes that are estimated to take the smallest number of CPU cycles first with time slicing

Uses multiple queues to change the order of process execution based on priorities

Deals with each user or task in the order in which they arrive

Deals with each process based on an calculating a estimated time remaining to complete

To provide tools to create graphics for an animation

To maintain the computer system

To check all the components are connected to the motherboard correctly

To load the first instructions to boot the computer

The organisation of fixed sized memory blocks

The logical division of memory blocks

The physical division of memory blocks

The logical division of a hard disk into partitions

Change the process state of the currently executing process to blocked

Load the interrupt service routine

Pop registers off the memory stack

Push the current contents of CPU registers onto the memory stack

Defragment the memory

Extend the amount of virtual memory

Allocate memory for the program

Defragment the drive the program was loaded from

Code that has been compiled and is about to be linked to libraries

Code that has been compiled to run on a virtual machine

Low level code that is translated to machine code

The code produced by a interpreter