WorksheetsBIOL 1240 - Exam I Review
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 23mins
which of these is not a fundamental characteristic of life?
evolution
contains organelles
capable of reproduction
transformations of energy
plant cell walls are composed of _______, while fungal cell walls are composed of chitin
glycogen
peptidoglycan
cellulose
collagen
in a (a) covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally
what type of bond is between C and H (C - H)?
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
polar covalent bond
nonpolar covalent bond
when water sticks to itself, what property is it exhibiting?
high heat capacity
cohesion
adhesion
collectivism
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
lipid production
protein production
safe-guarding DNA
modifying proteins
if a protein is synthesized on a free ribosome, where will it go?
it will be secreted for nearby cells to use
it will travel to the nucleus, where it will oversee gene expression
it will stay in the cytoplasm and perform its functions there
it will travel to the cell membrane and perform its functions there
what is the function of a vacuole?
recycling unused materials
separating toxic materials from the rest of the cell
breaking down toxic materials
storing things, especially water
in which of these organismal cells are there NOT cell walls?
animals
plants
fungi
algae
(a) fatty acids have straight hydrocarbon tails and are solid at room temperature
why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature?
their straight hydrocarbon tails prevent them from getting close to one another
their kinked hydrocarbon tails absorb too much heat
their kinked hydrocarbon tails prevent them from getting close to one another
their straight hydrocarbon tails are too mobile, preventing close contact
what are the two parts of a triglyceride?
phospholipids and glycogen
glucagon and fatty acids
phospholipids and nitrogenous bases
glycerol and fatty acids
the phospholipid head is _______, while the phospholipid tail is _______
nonpolar; nonpolar
polar; nonpolar
nonpolar; polar
polar; polar
which molecule will pass through the lipid bilayer MOST easily?
O2
Cl-
K+
glucose
_______ proteins undergo a conformational change to transport molecules across the phospholipid bilayer
channel
carrier
corridor
cuneiform
monosaccharides are the _______, while __________ are the polymers of this macromolecule
monomers; polysaccharides
subunits; nucleic acids
quaternary structure; polypeptides
monomers; polypeptides
what type of bond forms between amino acids?
phosphodiester
ester linkages
ionic
peptide
what is a protein's tertiary structure stabilized by?
peptide bonds
bonds and interactions between R-groups; or R-groups and peptide backbone
hydrogen bonding between groups along the peptide-bonded backbone
bonds and other interactions between R-groups and the R-groups of other polypeptides
what is this?
nucleic acid
nucleotide
amino acid
polypeptide
what is this?
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
triglyceride
phospholipid
what is this?
nucleic acid
nitrogenous base
nucleotide
amino acid
which of these statements regarding DNA and RNA is/are true?
both DNA and RNA have adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
both DNA and RNA are antiparallel, double-stranded molecules
both DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides
both DNA and RNA have deoxyribose sugars
how many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine and guanine?
3
1
2
4
which of the DNA strands below will pair with this given strand of DNA?
5' AAT GCA GTT 3'
5' ACC TTG ACG 3'
5' ATC TGA CGG 3'
5' TTA CGT CAA 3'
5' AAC TGC ATT 3'
RNA is unstable because...
RNA is single-stranded and has the hydroxyl group on the 5' carbon of its sugar
RNA is single-stranded and has the hydrogen on the 5' carbon of its sugar
RNA must have the 5' cap tail and the 3' poly(A) tail in order to be considered mature
RNA has a very short half-life because nitrogenous bases decay quickly
what enzyme performs transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
DNA polymerase
RNA transcriptase
RNA polymerase
DNA protease
in what direction is the mRNA strand built during transcription?
5' to 3' - nucleotides are added to the 3' end
5' to 3' - nucleotides are added to the 5' end
3' to 5' - nucleotides are added to the 3' end
3' to 5' - nucleotides are added to the 5' end
Original DNA: 5' CTT ACT CAT 3'
what is the corresponding mRNA strand?
5' AUG AGU AAG 3'
5' GAA UGA GUA 3'
5' GAA TCA CTT 3'
5' AUG ACT AAG 3'
the ________ region tells RNA polymerase where transcription should begin
start codon
promoter
precept
beginner
how does termination of transcription occur in prokaryotes?
RNA polymerase reaches the stop codon, which causes a hairpin loop to form
transcription-termination signal that codes for the formation of a poly(A) signal
a release factor binds to the mRNA strand
transcription-termination signal that codes for the formation of a hairpin loop
introns are ____, while exons are ____ in the mature mRNA
removed; capped
expressed; removed
removed; expressed
spliced; removed
where does transcription occur in eukaryotes?
nucleus
nucleoid region
cytoplasm
nucleolus
a codon includes nucleotides on ____, while an anti-codon includes nucleotides on ____
mRNA; rRNA
tRNA; mRNA
DNA; tRNA
mRNA; tRNA
mRNA codon: 5' ACU 3'
what is the corresponding anti-codon?
5' AGU 3'
5' UCA 3'
5' UGA 3'
5' UGU 3'
where does translation occur in eukaryotes?
cytoplasm
nucleus
rough ER
smooth ER
the ribosome moves down the mRNA by one codon in the _____ direction during translation
5' to 3'
3' to 5'
N-terminus to C-terminus
left
how does the termination of translation occur?
the 3’ tail end of the mRNA molecule is reached
the 5' cap on the mRNA molecule is reached
a hairpin loop is formed, signaling the ribosome to dissociate
a stop codon is reached
what will the next tRNA's anti-codon be?
ACU
GUC
GTC
ACT
after a stop codon is reached during translation, what occurs immediately after?
a tRNA fills the A site, preventing other tRNA's from binding
a release factor binds to the ribosomal RNA, causing it to implode
a release factor fills the E site, preventing other tRNA's from binding
a release factor fills the A site, preventing other tRNA's from binding
the phospholipid head is _____ and the phospholipid tail is _____
polar; nonpolar
polar; ionic
nonpolar; polar
nonpolar; nonpolar
what is passive transport?
movement against a concentration gradient
movement that requires a sodium-potassium pump
movement down a concentration gradient
movement that occurs with the help of initiation factors
what is this?
amino acid
carbonyl functional group
carboxyl functional group
glutamate
what are these?
polysaccharides
monosaccharides
products of glycolysis
glycogen
what functional group is this?
sulfur
sulfuric hydroxide
sulfhydryl
hydroxosulfa
