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WorksheetsCF 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
The scientific study of behavioral and mental processes in both humans and animals
Sociology
Psychology
Physiology
Philosophy
When the basic principles of evolution and natural selection are applied to psychology, its in a/an _____ perspective
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Evolutionary
Selective
When you view psychology in a/an ________ perspective, you believe behavior is formed from your past and unconscious mind.
Psychodynamic
Evolutionary
Humanistic
Cognitive
The _________ perspective combines different factors of life, including biology, psychology, and sociology, to draw conclusions.
Behavioral
Biological
Cognitive
Biopsychosocial
Sociocultural
Memory, intelligence, problem-solving, and learning all contribute to this perspective's views.
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Behavioral
Psychodynamic
Behaviors, both observable and learned, are shaped by the environment. This belief is central to the _______ perspective.
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Sociocultural
Behavioral
The _______ perspective believes that needs must be met for people to reach their full potential.
Behavioral
Humanistic
Sociocultural
Psychodynamic
A behavior differs according to region and cultures. It can be viewed from a _________ perspective.
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Societal
The study of knowledge and learning as we know it is called ________.
Philosophy
Sociology
Psychology
Physiology
The study of how biological parts activate and function is called _____.
Biology
Psychology
Physiology
Philosophy
This person established the first experimental laboratory for modern psychology; the "Father of Psychology"
Dorothea Dix
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
This person wrote The Principles of Psychology, one of the most influential texts in psychology today; The "Father of American Psychology"
Wilhelm Wundt
John B. Watson
G. Stanley Hall
William James
This person founded the American Psychological Association (APA), which revolutionized scientific research of psychology in the U.S.
John B. Watson
G. Stanley Hall
Mary Whiton Calkins
B.F. Skinner
This person made multiple studies and observations on the influence of human past, especially childhood/early learning.
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
Wilhelm Wundt
Charles Darwin
This person identified the fundamental unit of learning in both animals and humans; investigated behaviorism through conditioning.
B.F. Skinner
John B. Watson
Ivan Pavlov
Charles Darwin
This person made groundbreaking observations that contributed to humanism, especially relating to human needs. The "Father of Humanistic Psychology"
Mary Whiton Calkins
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Abraham Maslow
This person believed that psychology should be the science of observable behavior; The "Father of Behaviorism"
Charles Darwin
John B. Watson
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
This person wrote the theory of operant conditioning, which helped develop behavioral psychology by making observations on positive and negative associations.
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
This person created Client-Centered Therapy, which emphasized equality between psychologist and clients; the "Grandfather Figure of Positive Psychology"
Abraham Maslow
Carl Rogers
William James
G. Stanley Hall
This person was the first to study the process of mental development in children; the "Early Pioneer"
Wilhelm Wundt
Dorothea Dix
Jean Piaget
John Locke
This person is an activist who fought for better treatment of the mentally ill.
Jean Piaget
Mary Whiton Calkins
B.F. Skinner
Dorothea Dix
This person is known most for being the first woman to work as a psychologist in the American Psychological Association (APA).
Dorothea Dix
Mary Whiton Calkins
Rene Descartes
This person invented the theory of evolution, which theorized that biological and behavioral changes applied over generations for entire species.
Charles Darwin
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
Jean Piaget
This type of research is used to improve the overall knowledge base of science.
Basic
Applied
This type of research is used to solve a specific problem.
Basic
Applied
A control group is necessary for every experiment.
True
False
It is necessary to be thorough and detailed in observations and processes to ______ a study.
Extend
Refute
Replicate
Observe
This type of research aims to describe behaviors, but doesn't test for specific relationships which results in unrepresentative observations.
Case Study
Descriptive
Correlational
Experimental
To collect huge amounts of data from a large population, at the risk of possible misinformation, one should use ______.
Case Studies
Experimental Research
Naturalistic Observations
Surveys
This method of research aims to emulate an environment and observe behaviors, but may have artificial behavior and cause inaccuracy.
Naturalistic Observation
Laboratory Observation
Survey
Cross-sectional Study
The numerical average of data.
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
The central number or average of central numbers of a data set.
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
The highest-occurring number in a data set.
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
The highest and lowest values of a data set.
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
This method of research focuses on observing subjects in a natural environment, but with little control and possible bias of collected data.
Laboratory Observation
Case Study
Correlational Study
Naturalistic Observation
This method of research observes a small group or a single participant usually because the situation or behavior is rare or unusual, at the cost of being unrepresentative.
Case Study
Naturalistic Observations
Correlational Study
Cross-sectional Study
This research investigates a relationship between two or more variables, but cannot be used to imply a reaction between each other without experimentation.
Correlational Study
Cross-sectional Study
Case Study
Longitudinal Study
Correlation can be used to prove causation.
True
False
This method of research is used to find causation of observed variables, with full manipulation of the environment and situation, but with possible unrepresentative results.
Cross-sectional Study
Correlational Study
Longitudinal Study
Experimental Method
This variable is controlled in an experiment.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
This variable is observed in an experiment.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
This type of study prevents both researchers and subjects from knowing the meaning of a study to eliminate bias.
Double-blind Study
Single-blind Study
This type of study prevents only the subjects from knowing the meaning of a study to eliminate bias.
Double-blind Study
Single-blind Study
A researcher uses this to specify a method of measuring a variable.
Case Study
Research Method
Operational Definition
Standard Deviation
During an experiment, someone feels uncomfortable and doesn't want to continue. The research staff proceed with the experiment anyways.
Ethical
Unethical
A subject of a case study wishes for their name to be hidden, and the local newspaper publishes the results of the case study with an alias for the subject.
Ethical
Unethical
The researchers debriefed the subjects on the experiment after the fact, and did not acknowledge the purpose.
Ethical
Unethical
Experiments on animals are monitored by the _____.
IRB
APA
IACUC
Experiments on human subjects are monitored by the _____.
APA
IACUC
IRB
Cross-sectional studies collect data from the same subjects as time goes on, meanwhile longitudinal studies collect data from various subjects at a single time.
True
False
