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CF 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The scientific study of behavioral and mental processes in both humans and animals

a)

Sociology

b)

Psychology

c)

Physiology

d)

Philosophy

2.

When the basic principles of evolution and natural selection are applied to psychology, its in a/an _____ perspective

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Behavioral

c)

Evolutionary

d)

Selective

3.

When you view psychology in a/an ________ perspective, you believe behavior is formed from your past and unconscious mind.

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Evolutionary

c)

Humanistic

d)

Cognitive

4.

The _________ perspective combines different factors of life, including biology, psychology, and sociology, to draw conclusions.

a)

Behavioral

b)

Biological

c)

Cognitive

d)

Biopsychosocial

e)

Sociocultural

5.

Memory, intelligence, problem-solving, and learning all contribute to this perspective's views.

a)

Cognitive

b)

Sociocultural

c)

Behavioral

d)

Psychodynamic

6.

Behaviors, both observable and learned, are shaped by the environment. This belief is central to the _______ perspective.

a)

Humanistic

b)

Evolutionary

c)

Sociocultural

d)

Behavioral

7.

The _______ perspective believes that needs must be met for people to reach their full potential.

a)

Behavioral

b)

Humanistic

c)

Sociocultural

d)

Psychodynamic

8.

A behavior differs according to region and cultures. It can be viewed from a _________ perspective.

a)

Psychodynamic

b)

Cognitive

c)

Sociocultural

d)

Societal

9.

The study of knowledge and learning as we know it is called ________.

a)

Philosophy

b)

Sociology

c)

Psychology

d)

Physiology

10.

The study of how biological parts activate and function is called _____.

a)

Biology

b)

Psychology

c)

Physiology

d)

Philosophy

11.

This person established the first experimental laboratory for modern psychology; the "Father of Psychology"

a)

Dorothea Dix

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

Ivan Pavlov

12.

This person wrote The Principles of Psychology, one of the most influential texts in psychology today; The "Father of American Psychology"

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

John B. Watson

c)

G. Stanley Hall

d)

William James

13.

This person founded the American Psychological Association (APA), which revolutionized scientific research of psychology in the U.S.

a)

John B. Watson

b)

G. Stanley Hall

c)

Mary Whiton Calkins

d)

B.F. Skinner

14.

This person made multiple studies and observations on the influence of human past, especially childhood/early learning.

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

Ivan Pavlov

c)

Wilhelm Wundt

d)

Charles Darwin

15.

This person identified the fundamental unit of learning in both animals and humans; investigated behaviorism through conditioning.

a)

B.F. Skinner

b)

John B. Watson

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Charles Darwin

16.

This person made groundbreaking observations that contributed to humanism, especially relating to human needs. The "Father of Humanistic Psychology"

a)

Mary Whiton Calkins

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Abraham Maslow

17.

This person believed that psychology should be the science of observable behavior; The "Father of Behaviorism"

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

John B. Watson

c)

Jean Piaget

d)

Sigmund Freud

18.

This person wrote the theory of operant conditioning, which helped develop behavioral psychology by making observations on positive and negative associations.

a)

Ivan Pavlov

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Carl Rogers

d)

B.F. Skinner

19.

This person created Client-Centered Therapy, which emphasized equality between psychologist and clients; the "Grandfather Figure of Positive Psychology"

a)

Abraham Maslow

b)

Carl Rogers

c)

William James

d)

G. Stanley Hall

20.

This person was the first to study the process of mental development in children; the "Early Pioneer"

a)

Wilhelm Wundt

b)

Dorothea Dix

c)

Jean Piaget

d)

John Locke

21.

This person is an activist who fought for better treatment of the mentally ill.

a)

Jean Piaget

b)

Mary Whiton Calkins

c)

B.F. Skinner

d)

Dorothea Dix

22.

This person is known most for being the first woman to work as a psychologist in the American Psychological Association (APA).

a)

Dorothea Dix

b)

Mary Whiton Calkins

c)

Rene Descartes

23.

This person invented the theory of evolution, which theorized that biological and behavioral changes applied over generations for entire species.

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Ivan Pavlov

c)

Sigmund Freud

d)

Jean Piaget

24.

This type of research is used to improve the overall knowledge base of science.

a)

Basic

b)

Applied

25.

This type of research is used to solve a specific problem.

a)

Basic

b)

Applied

26.

A control group is necessary for every experiment.

a)

True

b)

False

27.

It is necessary to be thorough and detailed in observations and processes to ______ a study.

a)

Extend

b)

Refute

c)

Replicate

d)

Observe

28.

This type of research aims to describe behaviors, but doesn't test for specific relationships which results in unrepresentative observations.

a)

Case Study

b)

Descriptive

c)

Correlational

d)

Experimental

29.

To collect huge amounts of data from a large population, at the risk of possible misinformation, one should use ______.

a)

Case Studies

b)

Experimental Research

c)

Naturalistic Observations

d)

Surveys

30.

This method of research aims to emulate an environment and observe behaviors, but may have artificial behavior and cause inaccuracy.

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Laboratory Observation

c)

Survey

d)

Cross-sectional Study

31.

The numerical average of data.

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Mode

d)

Range

32.

The central number or average of central numbers of a data set.

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Mode

d)

Range

33.

The highest-occurring number in a data set.

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Mode

d)

Range

34.

The highest and lowest values of a data set.

a)

Mean

b)

Median

c)

Mode

d)

Range

35.

This method of research focuses on observing subjects in a natural environment, but with little control and possible bias of collected data.

a)

Laboratory Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Correlational Study

d)

Naturalistic Observation

36.

This method of research observes a small group or a single participant usually because the situation or behavior is rare or unusual, at the cost of being unrepresentative.

a)

Case Study

b)

Naturalistic Observations

c)

Correlational Study

d)

Cross-sectional Study

37.

This research investigates a relationship between two or more variables, but cannot be used to imply a reaction between each other without experimentation.

a)

Correlational Study

b)

Cross-sectional Study

c)

Case Study

d)

Longitudinal Study

38.

Correlation can be used to prove causation.

a)

True

b)

False

39.

This method of research is used to find causation of observed variables, with full manipulation of the environment and situation, but with possible unrepresentative results.

a)

Cross-sectional Study

b)

Correlational Study

c)

Longitudinal Study

d)

Experimental Method

40.

This variable is controlled in an experiment.

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

41.

This variable is observed in an experiment.

a)

Independent Variable

b)

Dependent Variable

42.

This type of study prevents both researchers and subjects from knowing the meaning of a study to eliminate bias.

a)

Double-blind Study

b)

Single-blind Study

43.

This type of study prevents only the subjects from knowing the meaning of a study to eliminate bias.

a)

Double-blind Study

b)

Single-blind Study

44.

A researcher uses this to specify a method of measuring a variable.

a)

Case Study

b)

Research Method

c)

Operational Definition

d)

Standard Deviation

45.

During an experiment, someone feels uncomfortable and doesn't want to continue. The research staff proceed with the experiment anyways.

a)

Ethical

b)

Unethical

46.

A subject of a case study wishes for their name to be hidden, and the local newspaper publishes the results of the case study with an alias for the subject.

a)

Ethical

b)

Unethical

47.

The researchers debriefed the subjects on the experiment after the fact, and did not acknowledge the purpose.

a)

Ethical

b)

Unethical

48.

Experiments on animals are monitored by the _____.

a)

IRB

b)

APA

c)

IACUC

49.

Experiments on human subjects are monitored by the _____.

a)

APA

b)

IACUC

c)

IRB

50.

Cross-sectional studies collect data from the same subjects as time goes on, meanwhile longitudinal studies collect data from various subjects at a single time.

a)

True

b)

False