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WorksheetsAP Euro Renaissance
Total questions: 201
Worksheet time: 3hrs 31mins
Renaissance means...
Renewed
Rebirth
Flourishing
Innovation
Who preserved Classical texts?
Islamic scholars and monks.
Humanists and German monks.
European royalty.
Islamic royalty.
What was Scholasticism focused on?
Moral philosophy.
Reading and writing well.
Religious inquiries.
Aristotle's teachings.
Intellectuals who studied classical civilization and its texts.
Humanists
Scholastics
Clerics
Platonics
Humanists were named so because they focused on...
the study of the human body, especially through dissecting cadavers.
the nature and quality of human beings and worldly issues of daily life.
Which ninja turtles-I mean, Renaissance artists, dissected human corpses?
Michaelangelo
and
Raphael
Raphael
and
Donatello
Leonardo daVinci
and
Raphael
Leonardo daVinci
and
Michaelangelo
Which ninja turtle-I mean, Renaissance artist, was known for being a really nice guy in addition to a skilled painter?
Donatello
Leonardo
Michaelangelo
Raphael
What Biblical figure did Raphael depict most often?
Mary Magdeline.
Jesus.
The Virgin Mary.
Individualism focused on...
Personal interests.
Institutional interests.
The Father of Humanism was...
Machiavelli.
Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar(1304-1374).
Erasmus.
Cosimo de' Medici
True or false: Petrarch was disgusted by the inelegant use of Latin by the Medieval people of Europe's Dark Ages.
True
False
What is one of Petrarch's most famous finds from his days of raiding(not literally) old libraries for classical manuscripts?
Lord of the Rings
Harry Potter
Letters to Atticus by Cicero, Roman orator and statesman.
The Fall of the House of Usher
True or False: Petrarch was one of the first scholars of his era to write in Italian.
True
False
For Humanists, Cicero acted as a...
secular model for writing in Latin.
secular model for civic life.
All of the above.
Philology is...
The study of books with a focus on contemporary societal norms.
The study of language with a focus on its history and development.
The study of physiological systems with a focus on the circulatory sysem.
The study of language with a focus on vernacular.
Philology was used by Lorenzo Valla(author of the Elegances of Latin Language and apostolic secretary of Rome during pope Nicholas V's reign), in 1440 to disprove which famous document?:
The Donation of Constantine
Letters to Atticus
In Praise of Folly
A Christmas Carol
Petrarch criticized medieval scholars for focusing on...
Ethics over logic.
Logic over ethics.
When did Europeans come into contact again with the lost classical texts held onto by Islamists in the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain?
When the Italian trade routes opened up again.
The 12th century crusades.
Missionary voyages.
They were recovered by the Knights Templar.
True or False: During the Renaissance, the Church's control over intellectual life was weakened.
True
False
True or False: Many humanists learned Greek to study classical texts in their original language.
True
False
The goal of the liberal arts(a.k.a the humanities) was...
to create someone with extensive knowledge of a specific field.
to produce a Renaissance Man.
Humanists believed that education...
was necessary to have value as a human being.
was essential to reach one's full potential and be an enraged croissant.
was not important.
was essential to reach one's full potential and be an engaged
citizen.
True or False: Humanists created secondary schools to teach the humanities to younger ages.
True
False
What caused the papacy to lose power?
Turning their eyes from their spiritual mission, thus losing popular support.
Becoming too focused on financial gain.
Becoming too concerned with political status.
Which of the following city-states was NOT in the top 5 contenders list?
The Kingdom of Naples
The Papal States
Genoa
Milan
Venice
Italy was...
the gateway between the East and West.
a unified country.
a collection of city-states with a lucrative trade industry.
located strategically.
What event in 1953 damaged Italy's trade empire and caused city-states to turn on each other?
The fall of the Vatican to the Turks.
The fall of Constantinople to the Turks.
The fall of Rome to the Spanish Imperialists.
The fall of the papacy from its spiritual mission.
Humanists sought to promote a(n) _____ ________ _______ that they observed in classical culture in their own place and time.
ancient educational form
new Platonic cosmology
civic humanist culture
Baldassare Castiglione, in his book The Book of the Courtier, states that the ideal courtier is...
similar to a medieval knight, but educated in the arts, classical civilization, and military and athletics.
rude and coarse, with little respect for the king or queen they are serving.
engaged in civic life by serving their ruler.
silent and foolish, and doting on/flattering their chosen lord or lady.
Niccolo Machiavelli was a diplomat for the republic of Florence, beginning in 1498 and ending after the exile of supporters of a republice. What did he observe about diplomacy in the Renaissance versus the Middle Ages?
Diplomats of the Middle Ages represented their own state, whereas diplomats of the Renaissance represented the whole of the Christian empire.
Diplomats of the Middle Ages represented the whole of the Christian empire, whereas diplomats of the Renaissance represented their own state.
Machiavelli's The Prince demonstrated...
a cynical view of human nature that stated leaders should be feared rather than loved.
an "ends justify the means" idealogy.
an idealistic view of human nature that stated leaders should be loved rather than feared.
a guide for future authoritarian regimes.
What caused Machiavelli to turn to political writing?
His exile from Florence left him jobless, and he wanted to become a painter.
His exile from Florence left him jobless, and he wanted to show how wise he was to get another leader to hire him.
His exile from Florence left him jobless, and he wanted to show how he would make a good ruler so he would be adopted by a powerful family.
His exile from Florence left him jobless, and he wanted to show how wise he was so people would elect him to run a republic.
What helped spread the Protestant Reformation?
The Printing Press.
Latin as an international language.
Luther's 95 theses.
In The Discourses by Machiavelli, he pointed to what state as a good example of government?
The miltant monarchy of Sparta.
The Roman Republic.
The democracy of Athens.
THIS IS SPARTA.
Who invented the printing press?
Desiderius Erasmus
Niccolo Machiavelli
Martin Luther
Johannes Gutenberg
When did the Renaissance start and end?
1300-1527
1300-1600
1527-1600
1600-1700
Why did the Renaissance end in 1527?
The pope said so.
Leonardo daVinci died.
People stopped being smart.
Rome was sacked by Spanish Imperialists.
When did the Renaissance spread to northern europe?
1527
1450
1300
1453
When was England's main renaissance?
13th-16th centuries.
16th-17th centuries.
15th-16th centuries.
14th-15th centuries.
True or False: Jacob Burckhardt said that the Renaissance showed clear distinction from the Middle Ages, and called it the "prototype for the modern world".
True
False
Which city-sate was led by a merchant oligarchy rather than a despotism?
Genoa
Florence
Venice
Milan
Which is NOT a reason that the Renaissance mostly impacted the upper class?
Merchants and working class didn't have time for the Renaissance, they had too much business to attend to.
The peasantry was mostly illiterate, and didn't have the time for the Renaissance.
The peasantry was so hungry that they ate the classical literature.
The nobles were the only ones who had the time and luxury to learn about the classics and patron the arts.
True or False: The Gutenberg Bible was the first book produced entirely by movable type.
True
False
Which of the following was NOT emerging in the Renaissance and discovery?
Slavery.
Peace between powerful Italian families.
A growing sense of nationalism and country-building that contrasted the fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages.
More peasant readers due to the printing press making vernacular literature more available.
New discoveries in art and science.
True or False: Northern Renaissance painters had more religious focus, more focus on accurate details, and more portable art.
True
False
Which Renaissance region was more well known for skill?
Northern Renaissance
Southern(Italian) Renaissance
Which Renaissance region was more well known for frescoes?
Northern Renaissance
Southern(Italian) Renaissance
True or False: Renaissance painters focused more on human beings than symbolism, while Middle Ages painters were the opposite.
True
False
Which of the following was NOT a Renaissance art element or style?
Naturalism
Geometric Perspective
Idealism
Baroque
Mannerism
Define Commenda:
A contract between a merchant and a merchant-adventurer who agreed to take goods to distant lands and return with the proceeds(in exhcange for 1/3 of the profits)
An honorary position granted to someone by the monarchy in return for good deeds, similar to Medieval knighthood.
A promisary note given out by a bank, usually to rich Italian familes like the Medicis.
True or False: Italy's trade network made it very urban.
True
False
Florence, the unofficial center of the Southern Renaissance, was controlled by which powerful Italian family?
The Burgundians.
The Pazzi.
The Borgias.
The Medicis.
Which is NOT true about the church of San Lorenzo?
It's rebuilding was commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici.
It's rebuilding was overseen by the architect Filippo Bruneschelli.
The church's columns and arches reflect Roman-style architecture, as well as it's dome, the largest since ancient Rome.
It's rebuilding was overseen by the architect Michaelangelo.
The church was built to a far more human scale than the Gothic churches of the era.
Sandro Botticelli's famous Primavera painting featured all but which mythological figure?
Mercury
Flora
Dionysus
Cupid
Venus
When did the High Renaissance last?
1480-1520
1450-1527
1300-1600
1420-1500
Why was it called the High Renaissance?
Everybody was smoking the reefer and tripping on acid, dudes.
It produced the best art and architecture of the Renaissance, and featured famous artists such as Michaelangelo, Leonardo daVinci, and Raphael.
Which did Leonardo NOT do.
Paint the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Conduct scientific experiments and observe nature.
Kill Shredder.
Draw designs for machines far ahead of his time.
Invent pizza.
Which did Michaelangelo NOT do?
Painting, sculpting, architecture, and poetry.
Work on St. Peter's Basilica
Paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Sculpt David.
Shoot a man in Reno just to watch him die.
Which of the following were elements of Mannerism rather than traditional, classical-style Renaissance art?
Harmony
Balance
Distortion
Order
Illusion
Rpahael's most famous painting in the Vatican frescoes he made was...
The School of Athens(featuring famous philosophers and intellectuals of classical life, such as Chidi Anagonye)
The School of Athens(featuring famous philosophers and intellectuals of classical life, such as Aristotle and Plato)
The War of Sparta(featuring the battle of the Spartans and the Persians, lots of blood)
What were the main objects of Northern Renaissance art?
Everyday objects and people in exquisite detail.
Religious figures.
The glory of the human form.
Realistic settings.
Albrecht Durer did NOT...
Make a painting of himself as Jesus.
Make a depressed painting after his mother died.
Make a painting of a slave named Katherina.
Make the Mona Lisa.
Who were Pope Alexander VI's children?
Lorenzo Borgia.
Lucrezia Borgia.
Cosimo Borgia.
Cesare Borgia.
True or False: Lorenzo the Magnificent was Cosimo de' Medici's grandson.
True
False
What nickname did Pope Julius II get for bringing the papacy to peak military prowess and driving out the French?
"Murderous Pope"
"Corrupt Pope"
"Warrior Pope"
"Peace Pope"
How many of the Habsburg-Valois(Spanish-French) wars over Italy did the French win?
All of them.
Half of them.
None.
True or False: Mafias began in Italy during the Renaissance.
True
False
Who was Machiavelli's book The Prince most likely directed at in asking for a strong leader to unite Italy?
Cosimo de' Medici, banker and statesman, ruler of Florence.
Lorenzo the Magnificent's grandson, Lorenzo de' Medici, duke of Urbino.
Cesare Borgia, duke of Romagna and son of Pope Alexander VI.
Cicero, orator and statesmen famous for many manuscripts on society and politics.
What did Machiavelli NOT admire?
Roman culture and civilization.
Virtu`: The ability to act heroically and decisively for the good of one's country.
Horrible, evil people.
Which of the following is NOT something that strengthened the French kingdom.
The death of Charles the Bold of Burgundy(1477)
Louis XI doubles the territory he inherited.
The Spanish Inquisition.
Collapse of English Empire in France(1453)
The enterprise of a merchant banker named Jacques Couer.
What is NOT true about the Spanish Inquisition?
Spain's economy faltered after it exiled or killed all of the Jewish and Muslim artisans in the country.
Ferdinand and Isabella started it.
It welcomed the Protestant Reformation with open arms.
Nobody expects it.
It ended years of relatively peaceful religious toleration in Spain.
What was the leading art center for the Northern Renaissance?
Florence
Flanders
Paris
Berlin
What caused the decline of religious artworks?
Protestanism associated it with idolatry.
Humanism was anti-Christian.
People just lost interest in painting religious subjects.
What was the main reason that patrons such as the pope and the Medicis supported the arts?
They loved art.
They wanted new ideas to flourish.
They cared about the development of culture in Italy.
They were friends of Michaelangelo.
✨*:・。. ⛥Prestige*:・。. ⛥✨
One Northern Renaissance artist that exemplified the focus on individuals and every day life is...
Sandro Botticelli
Jan Van Eyck
El Greco
Lulu Von Glȕkenstein
'Mannerism' was original an insult to the art style it named, saying that mannerist artists painted in the same 'manner' as Leonardo and the other greats, but lacked the same...
themes.
skill.
substance.
je ne sais quoi.
Mannerism reflected...
the contemporary view of the supernatural.
the religious and political turmoil following the Reformation.
the spiritual battle between light and darkness.
the corrupt state of Italy at the time.
El Greco is considered by many to be the highest example of Mannerist artwork. Which of the following is NOT true about him?
He was born in Crete.
He studied in France.
He settled in Spain as a church painter.
His name is not Greco, it is Domenikos.
He painted with eerie colors and elongated figures to incite intense emotion in the viewer.
In 1570, Mannerism was replaced with Baroque. What is NOT true about Baroque?
Like mannerism, it began in Italy.
The courts Madrid, Vienna, Prague, and Brussels, and the papacy patronized Baroque to evoke awe in viewers and display their power.
Baroque had intensely detailed and intricate design.
Baroque was often dramatic, dynamic, and emotional.
Trick question, they're all true.
Which of the following Baroque artists completed the work on St. Peter's Basilica?
Peter Paul Rubens
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Neither, Michaelangelo did all of the work.
What new artistic elements of the Renaissance helped spark the Scientific Revolution?
The form of experimentation used by people like Leonardo daVinci.
The close study of the natural world applied in artistic naturalism(the imitation of nature in art).
The application of mathematics, such as in geometric perspective(a technique using math and geometry to make Renaissance paintings look more 3D, as compared to the relatively flat ones of the Dark Ages).
All of the above.
True or False: Astronomy and Astrology used to mean the same thing.
True
False
What was NOT an element of the cosmology(the branch of astronomy that deals with the origin and structure of the universe)of the Middle Ages in Europe?
God and the souls of the saved existed beyond the edge of the solar system.
Earth was not the only planet comprised of solid material.
The solar system was geocentric(everything orbited around Earth).
The planets were bodies of light.
It was based off of Aristotle and Ptolemy's teachings.
What was a natural philosopher?
A philosopher that focused on the morality of exploiting nature.
A scientist that studied the physical world.
What did Nicolaus Copernicus(Polish mathematician and natural philospher) do? Check all that apply.
Found references to ancient Greeks that questioned the geocentric universe.
Used advanced mathematics to prove that the solar system was heliocentric(everything orbited around the sun).
Only published his work, On the Revolution of Heavenyl Spheres, shortly before he was to die.
Failed to explain that Earth spinning on its axis and its orbit around the sun was what caused the percieved motion of the sun.
All of the above.
What religious belief did German asronomer Johannes Kepler disprove when he found that the planets' orbit was elliptical instead of circular?
God and the souls of the saved existed on the outer edge of the solar system.
The circle was the perfect shape and reflected the divine order.
What did Italian mathematician Galileo Galilei do?
Talk with Johannes Kepler about Kepler's work.
Discover Jupiter's moons and the craters on Earth's moons.
Become the first European to use a telescope for astronomy.
Show that planets were not ethereal, but rather similar to Earth in what they were made of.
Publish The Starry Messenger, which supported the heliocentric system and brought attention to other new, controversial views.
True or False: Galileo's works continued to circulate, even when he was under house arrest from the Catholic Church.
True
False
Isaac Newton unified the ideas of...
Copernicus
Kepler
Galilei
daVinci
Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation, the proofs for which were published in Principia in 1687, stated that...
gravity applied to objects on Earth and in space.
gravity was the force that held the planets in orbit.
Both.
True or False: Isaac Newton's discoveries were accepted quickly in the rest of Europe, but it took almost a century for England to accept them.
True
False. The opposite is true.
Which of the following was NOT one of the four humors that made up the human body, according to Galen?
Saliva
Phlegm
Yellow Bile
Blood
Black Bile
Which of the following is NOT a quality that affected the four humors, according to Galen?
Cold
Wetness
Dryness
Heat
Amount
Define physiology:
The study of where all the systems are in the body.
The study of how the different body systems work.
The study of the human mind.
The study of athleticism.
What did Galen think caused disease?
An imbalance in the humors.
A contaminant in the blood.
Evil spirits.
Punsihment from the Greek gods.
What is true about Galen?
He thought humans had two circulatory symptoms.
He came up with humoral theory.
He dissected animal corpses, not human corpses.
He theorized that the heart was the controller of thoughts and hormones rather than the brain.
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT a physician that challenged Galen.
William Harvey: Stated that there is one integrated circulatory system in the human body, with the heart as a starting point. Modern physiology is based off of his ideas.
Paracelsus: Used experiments to develop a theory of disease claiming that illness was cuased by chemical imbalances in certain organs, and could be treated with chemical remedies in careful dosages.
Duncan Ariston: Dissected dead bodies to determine that the body is not comprised of a mere four humors, but various types of flesh and bone tissue.
Andreas Vesalius: Emphasized anatomical research, especially of human corpses.
Francis Bacon wanted...
A. scientists of the time to use inductive reasoning.
B. England to form a science institute for scholars of various fields to contribute to several research projects.
C. an international group of natural philosophers to form, gather, and discuss their field: natural science.
A. & C.
A. & B.
True or False: Inductive reasoning goes from specific to general, while deductive reasoning goes from general to specific. The unification of these two processes makes up the scientific method.
True
False. The opposite is true for the reasoning. The scientific method unites quantitative and qualitative data.
Rene Descartes advocated for deductive reasoning, and wanted scientists of the time to think like...
Puzzle solvers. Find little bits of information and piece them togetehr to form general rules.
Renaissance scholars. Look at the past and follow precedents.
Geometry students. Start with general rules, and then apply logic for specific cases.
The goal of the scientific method was to...
Prove theological inquiries.
Form the natural laws.
Define epistemology:
A philosophy with the goal of returning to a better, simpler way of life. Returning to where you "stem" from.
A philosophy of knowledge, a way to understand what we know and how we know it.
The study of epidemics, like the Black Plague.
The study of language, with focus on its history and development.
True or False: Science and religion always clashed in the minds of intellectuals.
True
False
What two traditional non-scientific beliefs persisted through the Scientific Revolution.
Astrology: Concerned with the celestial bodies and their influence over human activity.
Astronomy: The study of the universe and how it came to be.
Alchemy: Saw the world as full of divinity. Focused on transformation, specifically that of common metals into gold.
Anatomy: The study of where the different organs and body systems are within humans.
Which of the following occasions of the persistence of traditional views is FAKE?
Isaac Newton did experiments in alchemy, trying to turn common metals into gold.
Galileo Galilei continued to think of the planets as ethereal instead of physical.
Johannes Kepler believed in a sacred geometry in the universe.
Paracelsus' view of humans as a small reflection of a bigger universe was similar to astrology.
What weakened Italy to French Invasion in the 1490s?
Italy became too focused on art and culutre and let its military prowess slip.
French spies within Italy.
The Medicis invited the French into the country to destroy rival families.
Warring and rivalry between city-states.
Define Vernacular:
The local language or dialect.
The study of language, with focus on history and development.
Which of the following is NOT a difference between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
Education was changed in the Renaissance. It had some similarities, but a different emphasis.
Nation-building and the breakdown of Feudalism occured during the Renaissance.
The life of the peasantry changed significantly.
Books became available in the local vernacular as well as Latin during the Renaissance.
Which of the following cities was NOT considered one of the "bankers of Europe"?
Pisa
Flanders
Genoa
Venice
The warfare between the pope and the emperor...
caused destruction throughout Italy.
left Italian city-states free to expand unchecked while they weakened each other.
directly triggered the Reformation.
In the war between the pope and the emperor, there were two main factions: Guelf and Ghibelline. Select which of the following is accurate about them.
The Ghibelline supported the pope.
The Guelf supported the pope.
The Ghibelline supported the emperor.
The Guelf supported the emperor.
Which of the following city-state titles is inaccurate?
The Kingdom of Naples
The Republics of Florence and Venice
The Duchy of Milan
The Kingdom of Genoa
The Papal States
The Venetian government, the merchant oligarchy of Venice, controlled all but which of the following?
A senate of three hundred members.
A ruthless judicial branch called the Council of Ten.
A house of representatives of one hundred members.
The Signoria, a council of six and later eight members.
Which of the following is NOT one of Florence's social classes.
The grandi, the old rich, merchants and noblemen who were well established in and ruled the city.
The popolo grosso(the "fat people"), the new rich, the bankers and merchants that challenged the old rich for political power.
The clergymen, the wealthy, influential church members who supported the old rich in the old vs new rich conflict.
The middle class, the guild masters, shop owners, and small business workers who supported the new rich in the old vs new rich conflict.
The popolo minuto(the "little people"), the lowest class, the penniless.
True or False: In 1457, 1/3 of Florence's population, around 30,000 people, were officially listed as paupers, people with no wealth at all.
True
False
What is NOT a reason for the Ciompi Revolt of Florence?
Religious policies introduced by the Medici family when one of their sons became pope.
The fall of the banking houses Bardi and Peruzzi, which left the poor more vulnerable than ever.
The chaos caused when the Black Plague cut the city's population in half.
The feuding between the old rich and the new rich.
The Ciompi Revolt was a peasant revolt in Florence. What were its results? Check all that apply.
The lower Florentine classes got to rule for four years.
Real stability didn't return to Florence until Cosimo de' Medici, famed Florentine banker and statesmen, ascended to power.
Florence was a hot mess for a long time.
Conditions for the poor drastically improved in Florence.
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT true about the Signoria?
Members had to be men of the long established family lines of the old rich.
It was a group of six and later eight members that governed Florence.
It was very suceptible to corruption, and when Cosimo de' Medici was around, he had many members of the Signoria loyal to him.
Members were men chosen from powerful guilds such as bankers, judges, doctors, and representatives of important industries.
Which of the following is NOT true about Lorenzo the Magnificent?
He ruled Florence in an almost totalitarian way, and was a cautious and determined ruler.
He was the grandson of Cosimo de' Medici.
His brother was assassinated by the Pazzi family, who had long plotted against the Medicis with the pope.
He was a member of the Borgia family that later went on to become pope.
Which of the following is NOT true about despots?
In Italy, they were hired strongmen with almost absolute authority that were called podesta`.
Because they couldn't rely on the divided populace, despots hire mercenary armies through condottieri, military brokers.
Despots never rose above their station, but were well-paid by the families that employed them.
Despots were frequently the subject of assassinations.
In Milan, which two families rose to unrestrained political power through being despots?
The Medicis(1457).
The Visconti(1278).
The Pazzi(1475).
The Sforza(1450).
Out of all their warfare, the Italian city-states managed to learn some diplomacy. Which of the following was NOT a purpose for Italian diplomats?
Gaining an advantage over enemies without actually going to war.
Forging alliances with foreign powers.
Acting as spies within other courts.
Representing their city-state in ceremonies and negotiations.
Select all that accurately apply to Leonardo Bruni.
He was the first to dub the liberal arts supported by humanists as the "humanities".
He was called by many the "Prince of Humanists".
He was a student of Manual Chrysoloras, a Byzantine scholar who introduced Italian humanists to Greek scholarship when he taught in Florence from 1397-1403.
Which of the following is NOT a way that the first humanists were employed?
Orators and poets who authored both Latin and vernacular works.
Secretaries, speech writers, and diplomats for royalty.
Teachers of rhetoric at universities.
Spying ambassadors for their city-state.
Which of the following is NOT true about Francesco Petrarch, the "Father of Humanism"?
He spent most of his life in and around Avignon.
He was involved in a popular revolt in Rome.
He was one of the first of his era to write in the French vernacular.
He served the Visconti family in Milan.
He abandoned the study of law to pursue letters and poetry.
Which of the following did Petrarch NOT write, but was instead written by his student and friend Giovanni Boccaccio?
Decameron, one hundred typically bawdy tales of seven women and three men in a safe country retreat from the Black Plague that analyzed human nature and behavior.
Lives of Illustrious Men, a series of biographies about famous Roman men.
Africa, a Latin epic poem dedicated to the Roman general Scipio Africanus.
Letters to the Ancient Dead, where he imagined conversations with Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace.
A collection of love sonnets to a married woman named Laura who he admired from afar.
Which of the following is NOT true about Petrarch?
He was elitist.
He hated the scholastics.
He defended the personal immortality of the soul against the Aristotelians.
He wrote imagined conversations with St. Augustine.
Petrarch was more religious than his near-contemporary, Dante Alighieri.
Which of the following did Dante NOT write?
The Divine Comedy
Vita Nuova
Julius Excluded From Heaven
Humanists did NOT collect information on...
sound advice for rulers.
Trick question. They collected all of these.
the history of the past.
potent remedies for contemporaries.
classical civilization.
As portrayed in Pietro Paolo Vergerio's The Morals That Befit a Free Man, humanists believed that...
"It is better to will the good than know the truth,"
-Petrarch
learning always ennobles people.
education helps people reach their full potential.
a well-rounded Renaissance man was better than a scholar.
All of the above.
Roman orator Quintilian's book Education of the Orator was the classical guide of the humanist education curriculum. Which of the following people exemplified its ideals by teaching having his students excercise as well as read ancient classical texts?
Giovanni Boccaccio(developed an encyclopedia on Greek and Roman mythology).
Desiderius Erasmus("Prince of Humanists").
Vittorino da Feltre(taught the works of Pliny, Plautus, Plutarch, Ptolemy, Terence, and Livy).
Which of the following is NOT true of The Book of the Courtier?
It was written by Baldassare Castiglione.
It was a guide for the nobility of the duchy of Urbino.
It embodies the highest ideals of Italian humanism.
It said a courtier must have knowledge in both intellectual, artistic, and athletic fields while maintaining a high moral character.
It was a guide for the nobility of the duchy of Milan.
Which of the following is true about the Florentine "Academy"?
It was patronized by Cosimo de' Medici and supervised by Marsilio Ficino and Pico della Mirandola.
The reuniting of the Eastern and Western churches contributed to its formation by allowing Greek scholars and works to flow into the West.
The fleeing of Greeks from fallen Constantinople to Florence helped contribute to the revival of classical Greek works in the West.
It wasn't a real Academy, it was actually an informal gathering of Florentine scholars.
The "Academy" focused primarily on Platonism, the work of Plato and the Neoplatonists Plotinus, Proclus, Porphyry, and Dionysius the Areopagite.
What was the appeal of Platonism?
It said the human life was predestined and secured, and that one could see and alter one's destiny by observing the universe around them.
It had a flattering view of human beings as creatures with the ability to bring themselves to rise with angels or wallow with pigs.
Which of the following was NOT a humanist Florentine chancellor who rallied the people against their aggressors?
Leonardo Bruni
Marcos Pollio Vitruvi
Poggio Bracciolini
Coluccio Salutati
What are the two sides of humanism seen towards the end of the Renaissance?
(Note: The opposite of the wrong answers is what actually was happening at the time.)
Practical transparent politics.
Deep historical scholarships
Focus on the revival of civic and social life.
A non-elitist, anti-snob dedication to humility
True or False: During the Renaissance, the education and power of the common people grew immensely.
True
False
Renaissance art did NOT...
have great proportionality that reflected a belief in balance and harmony in the universe,
embrace the natural world and human emotion over the typical symbolism of Medieval paintings.
continue to have mostly if not only religious subjects and themes.
introduce several new styles and techniques to the world of art.
Which of the following was NOT a Renaissance style of painting?
Chiaroscuro, the use of shading to enhance realisticness.
Trick question, they both are Renaissance styles.
Linear perspective, the adjustment of the size of objects in a painting to make them look more 3D.
Who was the father of Renaissance painting?
Masaccio
Saint Francis of Assisi
Giotto
Leonard daVinci
True or False: Leonardo daVinci advised Italian princes and the king of France, Francis I, on military engineering.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT true of Leonardo daVinci?
He was a self-taught botanist.
He dissected corpses.
His variety of interests could shorten his attention span.
Leonardo was good at painting complex emotions and facial expressions.
Trick question, they're all true.
Of the four popes that commissioned Michaelangelo for various projects, which pope asked Mike to work on the Sistine Chapel and his own tomb?
Pope Francis II
Pope Alexander VI
Pope Julius II
Pope Clement IV
How long did it take Michaelangelo to complete the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
4 years.
7 years.
10 years.
12 years.
Which of the following is NOT an example of mannerist art/artists?
Tintoretto
El Greco
Later works of Michaelangelo.
Later works of Donatello.
Which of the following is NOT true of Renaissance slavery?
Most people of the era considered it a mercy, because captors would've otherwise killed the captives.
The demand for slaves skyrocketed after the Black Plague cut the work force in half.
Slaves were everywhere in Tuscany, and used in place of currency in some cases.
Most slaves were criminals trying to work off the debt of their crimes or violations against powerful Italian families, such as the Medicis.
While still subjected to bad treatment from time to time and entirely dependent upon the mercy of their masters, slaves in Renaissance households were more accepted as integrated members of the family, and were kept happy, healthy, and safe(usually).
What two traditional enemies did the Italian Treaty of Lodi bring together with Florence?
Venice
Naples
Milan
The Papal States
True or False: To balance power in Italy, Venice often joined with the Papal States against the Treaty of Lodi, and despite these internal conflicts, Italy could still unite all five to fight off foreign powers.
True
False
(In no particular order,)What happened after the despot Ludovico il Moro rose to power in Milan?
The peace of the Treaty of Lodi broke up.
Naples threatened Milan.
Florence attacked Milan in response to Ludovico inviting the French into Italy.
Ludovico invited the French in as allies against Naples(which France had ruled for quite some time before being driven out by Duke Alfonso of Sicily).
Ludovico forgot that the French had dynastic claims in Milan too.
When Charles VIII invaded Italy, what did NOT happen in Florence?
Florentine ruler Piero de' Medici offered Florentine possessions and territories such as Pisa in an attempt to appease the French.
A Dominican preacher named Girolamo Savonarola had Piero exiled by the Florentines.
Girolamo convinced the Florentines that the French invasion was a long overdue penance for their sins and immorality.
The Medici family hired a despot to assassinate Girolamo for ousting one of their members from his throne.
How did Florence escape destruction by the French?
The city went on lockdown and held out in siege war.
Girolamo Savonarola flattered and bribed the French.
The Medicis and other influential families hired mercenary armies to guard the city.
Florence forged an alliance with the French army and provided additional resources and soldiers.
How did Girolamo Savonarola's reign over Florence end?
He ruled for four years and then died of old age.
He ruled for four years, but when Italy finally kicked out France the Italians executed him for his
antipapal policies.
He ruled for four years and then was assassinated by a despot from the Medici family.
He ruled for four years, but when Italy finally kicked out France the Italians executed him for supporting the Protestants.
Fearing a France-controlled Italy and hoping to advance his own agenda within the country from his base in Sicily, Ferdinand of Aragon created the League of Venice, which included all but ______ in the alliance.
Ferdinand of Aragon.
Venice
The Kingdom of Naples
The Papal States
Emperor Maximilian I
True or False: Ludovico il Moro, the guy who had foolishly invited the French into the country in the first place, joined the League of Venice against Charles VIII and his armies.
True
False
Who allied with King Louis XII when the French returned to conquer Italy?
Pope Clement VII
Pope Alexander VI of the Borgia family.
Pope Julius II.
Piero de' Medici.
Which of the following did Pope Alexander VI NOT do?
Use his powers as pope to gain a political base in Romagna in northern Italy.
Annull the marriage between Louis XII and Charles VIII's sister so that Louis could marry Charles' widow, Anne of Brittany, in order to keep Brittany under French control.
Act as spy within the League of Venice and sabotage them by giving information to Louis XII's armies.
Make the archbishop of Rouen, Louis XII's favorite cleric, a cardinal within the church.
Withdraw from the League of Venice, making the League too weak to fend off the French.
Which of the following is true?
Ludovico il Moro, the man who invited the French into Italy initially, died sorrowfully in a French prison.
Pope Alexander VI and his son Cesare Borgia conquered Romagna easily, and Cesare was crowned "Duke of Romagna".
Louis XII and Ferdinand of Aragon split the Kingdom of Naples after the French invasion.
All of the above.
Which of the following is NOT true about Pope Julius II?
His original title was Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere.
He still managed to maintain spiritual-mindedness within the church even while opposing the French.
He hated the Borgia family.
He put the Borgias' newly conquered lands of Romagna under the power of the church.
Which of the following did Erasmus NOT write?
Education of a Christian Prince
Praise of Folly
Oration on the Dignity of Man
Julius Excluded From Heaven
The Prince
Pico della Mirandola's Oration on the Dignity of Man stated what about human beings?
Human beings' lives are predestined and entirely dependent upon the will of God or Satan, and cannot be altered by our own deeds.
We may forge ourselves into whatever we please, and may be of high moral standard, or wallow with pigs(figuratively) in vulgar temper.
After driving out the Venetians from Romagna and claiming it for the Papal States, Julius II sought to get rid of the French, and formed the Second Holy League to do it. Who were his allies?
Ferdinand of Aragon
The Swiss
Emperor Maximilian I
Milan
Venice
Outcomes of the Third French Invasion:
The French massacre the Swiss at Marignano(as vengeance to the Swiss annihilating the French at Novara a few years earlier).
The Concordat of Bologna, which said that the French had power over the French clergy, so long as the French recognized the pope's superiority and right to collect annates from the French people.
The presence of the French in Italy triggered the Habsburg-Valois wars between Spain and France, none of which France won.
Why was Machiavelli such a cynic?
He saw the Italian people as too selfish and divided to face off against the French, Spanish, and German armies wreaking havoc on the country.
He believed that Italy's people were not up to the task of driving out foreign enemies.
His family was one of despots in the service of the Medicis, and he had seen firsthand the cruelty of the Italian rich.
His romanticized views of ancient Roman culture contrasted starkly with the failure of contemporary Italian society, making it seem all the worse.
Which of the following is NOT a European representative group from a feudal monarchy?
The Spanish Cortes.
The French Estates General.
The English Parliament.
The German Reggae.
What led to nation-building and centralization in Europe?
The partnership between a king and the townspeople.
The rise in power of regional princes.
The weakening of the nobility and the clergy.
Which of the following did NOT express their belief in the sovereign rights of monarchs?
Desiderius Erasmus
Marsilius of Padua
Jean Bodin
Niccolo Machiavelli
What is true of the centralization and nation-building of Europe?
Everything went from a national scale to a regional scale.
Everything went from a regional scale to a national scale.
Which of the following is true of royal armies after the breakdown of Feudalism?
Infantry and artillery became more important than the noble cavalry.
Hired mercenaries became more frequently used than armies supplied by the nobility.
Monarchs who failed to pay mercenaries in their army faced the dangers of mutiny from foreign troops.
True or False: Old European monarchies legit just taxed the middle and lower classes, not the nobles.
True
False
Who did French king Louis XI split the Burgundian lands with?
Who got the better end of the deal?
The Habsburgs emperor Maximilian I.
The Habsburgs.
The Habsburgs emperor Maximilian I.
The French.
The Italian Papal States.
The Papal States.
The Italian Papal States.
The French.
The marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon caused...
The original power couple.
The two poorly ruled and divided kingdoms being united under their rule as a European power house.
The Habsburg-Valois wars with the French, who despised the union.
The Spanish Inquisition that ended years of relatively peaceful religious tolerance in Spain between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity.
The kingdom of Castile...
Had a lucrative sheep-farming industry.
Was richer and more populated than Aragon.
Was dynastically united with Aragon when Isabella and Ferdinand married, but remained, as did Aragon, seperate in every other way, with different governments, laws, armies, and cultures.
What did Ferdinand and Isabella accomplish together?
Securing their borders, such as Ferdinand conquering the northern kingdom of Navarre.
Christianizing all of Spain.
Win the allegiance of the Hermandad, a group of powerful cities and towns that served them over the nobility.
Claim Naples in 1504.
Venturing abroad militarily.
Which of the following is NOT true of Ferdinand and Isabella's family and government?
They had made pro-French marriage alliances that had a big impact on Europe and its history.
One of their daughters was Catherine of Aragon, who wed Arthur(son of Henry VII), and married his brother Henry VIII after he died. The failure of the second marriage contributed to the English reformation.
They sponsored Christopher Columbus and other overseas ventures.
One of their daughters was Joanna "the Mad" wife to Archduke Philip(son of Habsburg Emperor Maximilian I), and mother to Charles I.
Their grandson, Charles I, would be the first to rule over a united Spain.
What is true of the Wars of the Roses?
Lancaster=Red Rose
York=White Rose
Lancaster=White Rose
York=Red Rose
What is NOT true of the Wars of the Roses?
It was caused by a disagreement as to who would inherit the throne from Richard II.
Edward IV of the house of York ousted the Lancastrian monarch Henry IV and ruled for over twenty years and increased the power and finances of the monarchy.
Henry VI was killed immediately after Edward IV took his throne. He was beheaded by public execution in the southern towns that had supported Edward's takeover.
Richard III usurped the throne from Edward IV's son. He was then portrayed as a villainous character who also murdered Edward's son. This led people to support the Lancastrian Henry Tudor, who killed Richard III on Bosworth Field in 1485 and took the throne.
What did Henry Tudor(A.K.A Henry VII) NOT do?
Become dependent upon Parliament to provide royal funding because the nobility was too uncooperative.
Marry Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, to unite the family lines.
Form the Court of the Star Chamber(CSC) to keep the nobility in line.
Make a less corrupt court system through the CSC by implementing judges not swayed by bribery or intimidation.
Which of the following countries bitterly resented and resisted centralization and nation-building?
England
France
Italy
Spain
Germany
About how many smaller kingdoms was Germany divided into?
150
200
300
500
The emperor of Germany's numerous kingdoms and the regional princes that ruled them did work together to provide some universal law and order throughout the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles IV and some major rulers came to a decision called the Golden Bull in 1356. What did the Golden Bull do?
It created a seven-member council of major rulers that would elect the emperor.
It created a seven-member council of major rulers that would advise the emperor.
It created a seven-member council of major rulers that replaced the emperor in exchange for gving him his own rich kingdom within the empire.
It created a seven-member council of major rulers that cooperated with the emperor to make rules regarding the kingdoms.
What kept the balance of power between the one and the many in the Holy Roman Empire?
The emperor's authority and reach were renegotiated every imperial election.
The emperor acted as a figurehead for one ruler in law over the empire, while regional princes still had significantly more influence in their own territory.
Both.
The Reichstag, an imperial organization meant to end constant warfare between kingdoms within the Holy Roman Empire, was formed of all BUT...
The seven electors.
Representatives from the free cities.
The nonelectoral regional princes.
The emperor's children.
Which of the following did the Reichstag NOT get out of Emperor Maximilian I during a gathering at Worms in 1495?
The right of local rulers to collect and keep taxes from their people.
An imperial ban on private warfare.
A Supreme Court of Justice to enforce the peace.
A Council of Regency to coordinate local and national German policy.(This would give the regional princes a share in executive authority.)
True or False: The heavily fractured empire of Germany with its various internal sovereign states was the perfect place for the Protestant Reformation to break out because its disunity bred conflict and dissent in the church as well.
True
False
What was the Brothers of the Common Life?
A Netherlandian religious movement that was one of the first Protestant branches.
A Netherlandian religious movement that allowed men and women to live a shared religious life without having to make formal vows of poverty, chastity, or obedience.
A Netherlandian religious movement that preached self-mutilation and self-harm as a way to reduce the punishment of humankind through suffering, as the flagellants did.
Select all of the differences between Northern Humanists and Italian humanists as listed below.
Northern Humanists tended to live farther south than their counterparts.
Northern Humanists were more focused on religious reforms than their counterparts.
Northern Humanists tended to ignore the classical works, unlike their counterparts.
Northern humanists tended to have a more varied social background than their counterparts.
Northern humanists wrote to the peasantry as much as the intellectuals, unlike their counterparts.
Which of the following did NOT make books more available and useful to the public?
The discovery of a cheaper material than vellum(made of calf or sheep skins) in making books.
The invention of the printing press.
An increase in books written in local vernacular.
Increased literacy by the peasantry.
None of the above.
Where was the printing press invented?
Florence, Italy.
Mainz, Germany.
Berlin, Germany.
Venice, Italy.
True or False: There were how-to books in the Renaissance.
True
False
True or False: The new availability of books increased people's power and influence immensely.
True
False
True or False: Even loyal Catholics such as Erasmus wanted major reforms in the church long before the Reformation.
True
False
How did Erasmus make money when he had no patrons?
He taught at universities, and did his best to teach his students to speak and live well.
He tutored rich youth, and did his best to teach them to speak and live well.
Which of the following did Erasmus NOT write?
Adages, a collection of common proverbs such as "Where there is smoke, there is fire".
Colloquies, Latin dailogues intended to make a point about humanist views.
Oration on the Dignity of Man, a famous humanist book about man's ability to forge himself into whatever he pleases.
What did Erasmus NOT believe?
Uniting the classical ideals of humanity and civic virtue with the Christian ideals of love and piety was the best way to reform society on an individual and overall scale.
The multitude ceremonies and customs of the Catholic Church were necessary.
The multitude ceremonies and customs of the Catholic Church were overshadowing the true purpose of Christianity.
People needed to return to a simple, ethical Christian life.
Which of the following is true of Erasmus?
He rewrote the Bible in its original versions because he believed that people should get their religious info straight from the source.
At one point, all of his books were on the Index of Forbidden Books.
His belief in the freedom of human willpower made him criticized by Martin Luther.
There's a saying that "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched"(♫jingle bells, the pope smells, Erasmus laid an egg...♫).
All of the above.
Which of the following is the "Father of German Humanism"?
Conrad Celtis, the first German poet awarded for his creative and intellectual skills.
Rudolf Agricola, who spent ten years in Italy and introduced Germany to Italian learning.
Ulrich von Hutten, a knight who exemplified the combo of humanism, German nationalism, and Martin Luther's religious reform. He was a poet who admired Erasmus' work, attacked indulgences, and published Lorenzo Valla's reveal of the Donation of Constantine as fraudulent. Von Hutten died in a knights' revolt against German princes.
The "Reuchlin Affair"(A Jew-turned-Christian guy named Pfefferkorn attacked a Christian named Reuchlin for his studies in Hebrew and Jewish works as well as his interest in Jewish mysticism) had what effects?
German humanists rushed to Reuchlin's defense in the name of academic freedom.
A satire about Scholastics and monks called Letters of Obscure Men came about, contributed to by Ulrich von hutten.
The controversy led to the persecution of Jews in Germany during the time period, a habit that would come back to haunt the country in World War II.
German humanists saw the attacks on Martin Luther as similar to the Reuchlin Affair, and came to his defense after his 95 theses were posted.
What is NOT true about Thomas More, England's most famous humanist?
He wrote the book Utopia.
His work, Utopia, rivaled Shakespeare as the most-read work of the time.
He was one of King Henry VIII's most trusted diplomats, but went against the Act of Supremacy, which would have made the king in charge of the church, and did not recognize Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn. So he was executed in July of 1535.
None of the above.
Select all of the following who were influential humanists in France.
Guillaume Bude, an accomplished Greek scholar.
Jacques Lefevre dEtaples, a biblical authority.
Guillaume Briconnet, the bishop of Meaux.
Marguerite de Angouleme, sister of King Francis I, future Queen of Navarre, and successful spiritual writer.
Jimenez de Cisneros, Grand Inquisitor, founded the University of Alcala near Madrid in 1509.
Which of the following did Jiminez de Cisneros NOT do?
Act as confessor to Queen Isabella.
Translated religious tracts to reshape and control religious life in Spain.
Get executed for contesting Ferdinand and Isabella's extremist policies regarding Muslims and Jews.
Take fifteen years to make the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, a six-volume work that put Hebrew, Greek, and Latin translations of the Bible in parallel columns.
Who is your favorite ninja turtle?
Donatello
Leonardo
Michaelangelo
Raphael
I don't like the ninja turtles.
