Advisory Circulars are informational documents produced by the Federal Aviation Administration to inform and guide institutions and individuals within the aviation industry, as well as the general public. Advisory Circulars are intended to be informative in nature and not regulatory; however, many times they describe actions or advice that the FAA expects to be implemented or followed.

The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) is the FAA's official guide to basic flight information and Air traffic control (ATC) procedures. The AIM contains the basic aeronautical knowledge information required to fly in the United States National Airspace System.

This is a supplementary book issued during the FAA Knowledge Exams at the computer testing centers. These "figures books" are released by the FAA, with all charts in full color.

The Airport/Facility Directory (abbreviated A/FD), now identified as Chart Supplement in the U.S., is a pilot’s manual that provides comprehensive information on airports, large and small, and other aviation facilities and procedures.

Advisory Circulars are informational documents produced by the Federal Aviation Administration to inform and guide institutions and individuals within the aviation industry, as well as the general public. Advisory Circulars are intended to be informative in nature and not regulatory; however, many times they describe actions or advice that the FAA expects to be implemented or followed.

The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) is the FAA's official guide to basic flight information and Air traffic control (ATC) procedures. The AIM contains the basic aeronautical knowledge information required to fly in the United States National Airspace System.

This is a supplementary book issued during the FAA Knowledge Exams at the computer testing centers. These "figures books" are released by the FAA, with all charts in full color.

The Airport/Facility Directory (abbreviated A/FD), now identified as Chart Supplement in the U.S., is a pilot’s manual that provides comprehensive information on airports, large and small, and other aviation facilities and procedures.

Advisory Circulars are informational documents produced by the Federal Aviation Administration to inform and guide institutions and individuals within the aviation industry, as well as the general public. Advisory Circulars are intended to be informative in nature and not regulatory; however, many times they describe actions or advice that the FAA expects to be implemented or followed.

The Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) is the FAA's official guide to basic flight information and Air traffic control (ATC) procedures. The AIM contains the basic aeronautical knowledge information required to fly in the United States National Airspace System.

This is a supplementary book issued during the FAA Knowledge Exams at the computer testing centers. These "figures books" are released by the FAA, with all charts in full color.

The Airport/Facility Directory (abbreviated A/FD), now identified as Chart Supplement in the U.S., is a pilot’s manual that provides comprehensive information on airports, large and small, and other aviation facilities and procedures.

In aviation, AGL is a height above ground level and is measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation above mean sea level (MSL).

An alert area is a type of airspace designation simply alerts you of something commonly happening. Assuming it doesn’t fall into any other controlled airspace, you can fly into an Alert Area.

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide

information and other support for pilots.

In aviation, AGL is a height above ground level and is measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation above mean sea level (MSL).

An alert area is a type of airspace designation simply alerts you of something commonly happening. Assuming it doesn’t fall into any other controlled airspace, you can fly into an Alert Area.

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide

information and other support for pilots.

In aviation, AGL is a height above ground level and is measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation above mean sea level (MSL).

An alert area is a type of airspace designation simply alerts you of something commonly happening. Assuming it doesn’t fall into any other controlled airspace, you can fly into an Alert Area.

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide

information and other support for pilots.

In aviation, AGL is a height above ground level and is measured with respect to the underlying ground surface. This is as opposed to altitude/elevation above mean sea level (MSL).

An alert area is a type of airspace designation simply alerts you of something commonly happening. Assuming it doesn’t fall into any other controlled airspace, you can fly into an Alert Area.

An altimeter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.

Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide

information and other support for pilots.

The Chart Supplement U.S. is a Civil Flight Information Publication updated every eight weeks by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, and Aeronautical Information Services. Formerly called the Airport/Facility Directory, it contains all public–use airports, seaplane bases and heliports, military facilities, and selected private use facilities specifically requested by the Department of Defense (DoD). Additionally, this publication contains communications data, navigational facilities and certain special notices and procedures.

Class A (or Class “Alpha”) airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all operation in Class A airspace is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Class B (or Class “Bravo”) is generally airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passengerenplanements. ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within the airspace.

Class C (or Class “Charlie”) airspace is generally airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) operations or passenger enplanements.

The Chart Supplement U.S. is a Civil Flight Information Publication updated every eight weeks by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, and Aeronautical Information Services. Formerly called the Airport/Facility Directory, it contains all public–use airports, seaplane bases and heliports, military facilities, and selected private use facilities specifically requested by the Department of Defense (DoD). Additionally, this publication contains communications data, navigational facilities and certain special notices and procedures.

Class A (or Class “Alpha”) airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all operation in Class A airspace is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Class B (or Class “Bravo”) is generally airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passengerenplanements. ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within the airspace.

Class C (or Class “Charlie”) airspace is generally airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) operations or passenger enplanements.

The Chart Supplement U.S. is a Civil Flight Information Publication updated every eight weeks by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, and Aeronautical Information Services. Formerly called the Airport/Facility Directory, it contains all public–use airports, seaplane bases and heliports, military facilities, and selected private use facilities specifically requested by the Department of Defense (DoD). Additionally, this publication contains communications data, navigational facilities and certain special notices and procedures.

Class A (or Class “Alpha”) airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all operation in Class A airspace is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Class B (or Class “Bravo”) is generally airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passengerenplanements. ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within the airspace.

Class C (or Class “Charlie”) airspace is generally airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) operations or passenger enplanements.

The Chart Supplement U.S. is a Civil Flight Information Publication updated every eight weeks by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, and Aeronautical Information Services. Formerly called the Airport/Facility Directory, it contains all public–use airports, seaplane bases and heliports, military facilities, and selected private use facilities specifically requested by the Department of Defense (DoD). Additionally, this publication contains communications data, navigational facilities and certain special notices and procedures.

Class A (or Class “Alpha”) airspace is generally the airspace from 18,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) up to and including flight level (FL) 600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles (NM) of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all operation in Class A airspace is conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Class B (or Class “Bravo”) is generally airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passengerenplanements. ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within the airspace.

Class C (or Class “Charlie”) airspace is generally airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and have a certain number of IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) operations or passenger enplanements.

Class D (or Class “Delta”) airspace is the space that surrounds airports that have an operating air traffic control tower, but don't have radar services (or at least the airport is not required to have radar). The airspace surrounding a Class D airport is only classified as a Class D airport when the air traffic control tower is in operation. When not in operation, the airport reverts to a Class E airport, or a combination of a Class E and Class G airport.

Class E (or Class “Echo”) airspace is the controlled airspace not classified as Class A, B, C, or D airspace. In many other areas, the Class E airspace base is 1,200 feet AGL (shown as a thicker blue gradient) or 700 feet AGL (shown as a thicker magenta gradient).

Class G (or Class “Gulf”) is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Most of our airspace is Class G.

Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which ATC services are provided. The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.

Class D (or Class “Delta”) airspace is the space that surrounds airports that have an operating air traffic control tower, but don't have radar services (or at least the airport is not required to have radar). The airspace surrounding a Class D airport is only classified as a Class D airport when the air traffic control tower is in operation. When not in operation, the airport reverts to a Class E airport, or a combination of a Class E and Class G airport.

Class E (or Class “Echo”) airspace is the controlled airspace not classified as Class A, B, C, or D airspace. In many other areas, the Class E airspace base is 1,200 feet AGL (shown as a thicker blue gradient) or 700 feet AGL (shown as a thicker magenta gradient).

Class G (or Class “Gulf”) is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Most of our airspace is Class G.

Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which ATC services are provided. The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.

Class D (or Class “Delta”) airspace is the space that surrounds airports that have an operating air traffic control tower, but don't have radar services (or at least the airport is not required to have radar). The airspace surrounding a Class D airport is only classified as a Class D airport when the air traffic control tower is in operation. When not in operation, the airport reverts to a Class E airport, or a combination of a Class E and Class G airport.

Class E (or Class “Echo”) airspace is the controlled airspace not classified as Class A, B, C, or D airspace. In many other areas, the Class E airspace base is 1,200 feet AGL (shown as a thicker blue gradient) or 700 feet AGL (shown as a thicker magenta gradient).

Class G (or Class “Gulf”) is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Most of our airspace is Class G.

Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which ATC services are provided. The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.

Class D (or Class “Delta”) airspace is the space that surrounds airports that have an operating air traffic control tower, but don't have radar services (or at least the airport is not required to have radar). The airspace surrounding a Class D airport is only classified as a Class D airport when the air traffic control tower is in operation. When not in operation, the airport reverts to a Class E airport, or a combination of a Class E and Class G airport.

Class E (or Class “Echo”) airspace is the controlled airspace not classified as Class A, B, C, or D airspace. In many other areas, the Class E airspace base is 1,200 feet AGL (shown as a thicker blue gradient) or 700 feet AGL (shown as a thicker magenta gradient).

Class G (or Class “Gulf”) is the portion of the airspace that has not been designated as Class A, B, C, D, or E. It is therefore designated uncontrolled airspace. Class G airspace extends from the surface to the base of the overlying Class E airspace. Most of our airspace is Class G.

Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which ATC services are provided. The level of control varies with different classes of airspace. Controlled airspace usually imposes higher weather minimums than are applicable in uncontrolled airspace. It is the opposite of uncontrolled airspace.

An encoding altimeter transmits the aircraft altitude to the radar of the attached radar beacon system. It essentially consists of an encoding disc which rotates as per altimeter reading. This rotation of the disc is sensed by photo cells. These digital signals are amplified and transmitted. The transponder receives these as pressure altitude. The computer converts these signals on the basis of local altimeter setting. This ensures that there is uniform information in respect of all aircraft in the region.

FDC NOTAMS (Flight Data Center NOTAMS) are NOTAMs that are regulatory in nature such as changes to an instrument approach procedure or airway.

A flight service station (FSS) is an air traffic facility that provides information and services to aircraft pilots before, during, and after flights, but unlike air traffic control (ATC), is not responsible for giving instructions or clearances or providing separation.

Instrument flight rules (IFR) is defined as "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals."

An encoding altimeter transmits the aircraft altitude to the radar of the attached radar beacon system. It essentially consists of an encoding disc which rotates as per altimeter reading. This rotation of the disc is sensed by photo cells. These digital signals are amplified and transmitted. The transponder receives these as pressure altitude. The computer converts these signals on the basis of local altimeter setting. This ensures that there is uniform information in respect of all aircraft in the region.

FDC NOTAMS (Flight Data Center NOTAMS) are NOTAMs that are regulatory in nature such as changes to an instrument approach procedure or airway.

A flight service station (FSS) is an air traffic facility that provides information and services to aircraft pilots before, during, and after flights, but unlike air traffic control (ATC), is not responsible for giving instructions or clearances or providing separation.

Instrument flight rules (IFR) is defined as "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals."

An encoding altimeter transmits the aircraft altitude to the radar of the attached radar beacon system. It essentially consists of an encoding disc which rotates as per altimeter reading. This rotation of the disc is sensed by photo cells. These digital signals are amplified and transmitted. The transponder receives these as pressure altitude. The computer converts these signals on the basis of local altimeter setting. This ensures that there is uniform information in respect of all aircraft in the region.

FDC NOTAMS (Flight Data Center NOTAMS) are NOTAMs that are regulatory in nature such as changes to an instrument approach procedure or airway.

A flight service station (FSS) is an air traffic facility that provides information and services to aircraft pilots before, during, and after flights, but unlike air traffic control (ATC), is not responsible for giving instructions or clearances or providing separation.

Instrument flight rules (IFR) is defined as "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals."

An encoding altimeter transmits the aircraft altitude to the radar of the attached radar beacon system. It essentially consists of an encoding disc which rotates as per altimeter reading. This rotation of the disc is sensed by photo cells. These digital signals are amplified and transmitted. The transponder receives these as pressure altitude. The computer converts these signals on the basis of local altimeter setting. This ensures that there is uniform information in respect of all aircraft in the region.

FDC NOTAMS (Flight Data Center NOTAMS) are NOTAMs that are regulatory in nature such as changes to an instrument approach procedure or airway.

A flight service station (FSS) is an air traffic facility that provides information and services to aircraft pilots before, during, and after flights, but unlike air traffic control (ATC), is not responsible for giving instructions or clearances or providing separation.

Instrument flight rules (IFR) is defined as "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to govern flight under conditions in which flight by outside visual reference is not safe. IFR flight depends upon flying by reference to instruments in the flight deck, and navigation is accomplished by reference to electronic signals."

An instrument approach, or instrument approach procedure (IAP), is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.

One of the requirements for legally flying drones commercially. The Federal Aviation Administration announced that drone operators will have to pass a UAS Aeronautical Knowledge Test.

Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees. Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude.

An instrument approach, or instrument approach procedure (IAP), is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.

One of the requirements for legally flying drones commercially. The Federal Aviation Administration announced that drone operators will have to pass a UAS Aeronautical Knowledge Test.

Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees. Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude.

An instrument approach, or instrument approach procedure (IAP), is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.

One of the requirements for legally flying drones commercially. The Federal Aviation Administration announced that drone operators will have to pass a UAS Aeronautical Knowledge Test.

Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.

Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees. Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude.

is a series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.

One of the requirements for legally flying drones commercially. The Federal Aviation Administration announced that drone operators will have to pass a UAS Aeronautical Knowledge Test.

is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles.

is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees. Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude.