South America was colonized by which countries?

Canada was colonized by which countries?

Economically and Socially, they are the most advance nation of the continent.

Phase in US Architecture: (1720 - 1780) Colonial buildings constructed in America by English immigrants.

Phase in US Architecture: (1760 - 1840) Strong associational values of religion and nature.

An example of Gothic Revival Architecture in America

Who is the Architect of this building?

What year was this construction started?

Phase in US Architecture: (1780 - 1850) Inspired architecture of classical Greece and the architecture of the Italian Architect Andrea Palladio

What is not considered a characteristic of a Neoclassical Style?

1. Clean, Elegant Style

2. Uncultured appearance

3. Free standing columns

4. Massive Buildings

Who is the Architect for this Building?

It is the office of the U.S President in English Palladian Style.

Who designed the Portico for this building?

It is a U.S. national memorial built to honor the 16th president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln.

Who is the Architect for this Building?

Who is the Architect for this Building?

The style of this building was chosen to reflect democratic ideals. Also referred as the Marble Palace.

Who is not one of the Architects for this building?

Who designed the dome for this building?

A neoclassical styled building, 1st planned on Palladian lines with central rotunda.

Phase in US Architecture: (1780 - 1830) - Also known as Adam Style

· Elliptical and round spaces

· 2 - 3 stories high

· Simple exterior box was often modified by projecting wings

· Lightness and restrained delicacy to architectural components

It was originally a part of George Washington's historic plantation estate (Virginia), it was subdivided in the 19th century by abolitionists to demonstrate the viability of a free labor system.

When was this building built?

When was this building built?

Originally the home of Martha Washington's granddaughter, it is a Federal Style mansion in Washington, D.C.

Phase in US Architecture: (1790 - 1830) Inspired by Roman Classical Revival style by Thomas Jefferson.

1st truly neoclassic monument in US based on Roman temple prototype (Maison Carrie, Nimes).

It is the primary plantation of Thomas Jefferson, the plan echoes Palladio's Villa Rotunda.

Located in the original grounds of the University of Virginia. Thomas Jefferson designed it to represent the "authority of nature and power of reason" and modeled it after the Pantheon in Rome.

Phase in US Architecture: (1801-1814 & 1870) Linked to the emperor Napoleon and is French-inspired and Neoclassical style.

- Simple and severe with little adornments

- Superb bronze sculptures

Phase in US Architecture: (1820-1860)

- Revived Greek style and developed a specifically American characteristic.

- Gothic and Egyptian styles became popular.

- Balloon-frame (timber frame)

Phase in US Architecture:

- Revolutionized timber construction

- Light timber sections were used and nailed together

- Floor and ceiling joists forming tiles

- Whole stiffened by external timber Sheathing (Developments in the use of cast-iron)

- Owes its strength to the walls roof etc. acting as diaphragms.

Phase in US Architecture: (1860-1930)

- Achieved international significance

- Romanesque revival to Gothic revival

Who was the initiator of the Romanesque revival in US. Also pioneer figure in the development of an indigenous modern American style.

Father of "Skyscrapers" and Father of "Modernism".

Pioneered "Organic Architecture" and designed structures that were in harmony and its environment.

The first official World's Fair in the United States.

Iconic centerpiece of the fair, the large water pool, represented the way Columbus took to the New World (Chicago 1893)

America's greatest single contribution to architectural development.

What is not considered a Structural experiments and achievements?

A. Design of steel I-Sections with proofing provisions

B. Metal frame construction

C. Lift or Elevator

D. Use of spread foundation carrying load bearing wall construction

E. Skyscraper

F. Steel and Glass Façade

Pioneered the steel frame skyscraper in commercial Architecture.

Popularized by Henry Cort. It is obtained by oxidizing white-hot cast Iron, puddled from an excess of carbon and impurities. It is ductile, and malleable and can be pulle out into wire or rolled into beams.

- Edward Darby

- Direct result of smelting iron ore in a blast furnace with coke

- Liquid ore solidifies on cooling and can be given the desired shape by being poured into mould

- Brittle and reacts to bending stress

- Used primarily for vertical columns

- Henry Bessemer

- Made from Cast Iron - The carbon being burnt out by a blast of air through the molten metal in a converter.

- Has equal strength and compression.

What is not a contribution of America?

1. Development of the elevator and the skyscraper

2. Application of Organic Architecture in Planning

3. PUD - Planned Unit Development as zoning technique

4. Sustainable Architecture

An example of Empire Style Architecture in America built in 1865.

(1888) Formerly known as the Old Executive Office Building (OEOB).

Built of brick, white marble, and limestone, It is The world's largest free-standing masonry building and was the world's tallest habitable building upon its completion in 1894

What is not considered a new invention?

1. Elevators

2. Escalators

3. Air Conditioning System

4. Lighting