WorksheetsTopic 5 - Invention & Innovation
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 27mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Act of insight (innovation strategies)
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
A change is made in both technology and organization.
c)
An idea from one context is used to stimulate ideas for solving a problem in another context.
d)
The process of discovering a principle. A technical advance in a particular field often resulting in a novel product.
2.
Adaptation (innovation strategies)
a)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
b)
A solution to a problem in one field is used to provide a new idea for a design problem in another.
c)
The wide acceptance (and sale) of a product.
d)
Five characteristics identified by Rogers that impact on consumer adoption of an innovation: Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Observability; Trial-ability.
3.
Analogy (innovation strategies)
a)
Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.
b)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
c)
A high risk innovation strategy that introduces a new idea, system or product that is very different from the existing paradigm.
d)
An idea from one context is used to stimulate ideas for solving a problem in another context.
4.
Architectural innovation
a)
A list of requirements, constraints and considerations that a yet-to- be-designed product must fulfil.
b)
The technology of the components stays the same, but the configuration of the components is changed to produce a new design.
c)
A high risk innovation strategy that introduces a new idea, system or product that is very different from the existing paradigm.
d)
Consumerism is concerned with protecting customers from all organisations where there is an exchange relationship. The roots of consumerism can be traces through: disillusionment with the system; the performance gap; the consumer information gap; antagonism toward advertising; impersonal and unresponsive marketing institutions; intrusions of privacy; declining living standards; special problems of the disadvantaged; different views of the marketplace.
5.
Chance (innovation strategies)
a)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
b)
An unexpected discovery leads to a new idea.
c)
A solution to a problem in one field is used to provide a new idea for a design problem in another.
d)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
6.
Competition
a)
Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.
b)
An influential individual, usually working within an organization, who develops an enthusiasm for a particular idea or invention and "champions" it within that organization.
c)
A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.
d)
A business practice in which a company releases a new group of products that have advanced features compared to an earlier group.
7.
Configurational innovation
a)
The technology of the components stays the same, but the configuration of the components is changed to produce a new design.
b)
A change is made in both technology and organization.
c)
The first product of its type to be released on the market.
d)
Technology that is shelved for various reasons. Sometimes shelved technologies will be rediscovered or taken off the shelf.
8.
Copyright ©
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
A legal right that grants the creator of an original work exclusive ownership for its use and distribution. Usually for a limited time and within geographical boundaries, copyright allows the creator to receive compensation for their intellectual effort.
c)
The second fastest category to adopt an innovation.
d)
The essential requirements that a product must satisfy in relation to the user.
9.
Design protection
a)
A product becomes outdated as a conscious act either to ensure a continuing market or to ensure that safety factors and new technologies can be incorporated into later versions of the product.
b)
When a new technology supersedes an existing technology, the existing technology quickly falls out of use and is no longer incorporated into new products. Consumers instead opt for the newer, more efficient technology in their products.
c)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
d)
A simple and cost-effective way to protect an innovative shape, appearance or ornamentation.
10.
Design specification
a)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
b)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
c)
A list of requirements, constraints and considerations that a yet-to- be-designed product must fulfil.
d)
The second fastest category to adopt an innovation.
11.
Diffusion (Markets)
a)
An agreement from a government office to give someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.
b)
The wide acceptance (and sale) of a product.
c)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
d)
A change is made in both technology and organization.
12.
Disruptive innovation
a)
These include personal motivation to express creativity/for personal interest, scientific or technical curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others.
b)
An unexpected discovery leads to a new idea.
c)
A process where a new idea or adoption of a product by the market is actively slowed.
d)
A product or type of technology that challenges existing companies to ignore or embrace technical change
13.
Drivers for invention
a)
These include personal motivation to express creativity/for personal interest, scientific or technical curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others.
b)
An agreement from a government office to give someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.
c)
When a new technology supersedes an existing technology, the existing technology quickly falls out of use and is no longer incorporated into new products. Consumers instead opt for the newer, more efficient technology in their products.
d)
The first product of its type to be released on the market.
14.
Early adopters
a)
The second fastest category to adopt an innovation.
b)
An improvement in the organization and/or method of manufacture that often leads to reduced costs or benefits to consumers.
c)
Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.
d)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
15.
Early majority
a)
The first product of its type to be released on the market.
b)
A legal term for intangible property such as "creations of the mind" such as inventions and designs that are used in a commercial setting. Intellectual property is protected by law.
c)
Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems, for example, laser technology.
d)
The third fastest group to adopt an innovation, tends to take more time to consider adopting new innovations and is inclined to draw from feedback from early adopters before taking the risk of purchasing new products/systems.
16.
Entrepreneur
a)
A process where a new idea or adoption of a product by the market is actively slowed.
b)
The fourth fastest group to adopt an innovation. They do so after it has been established in the marketplace and are seldom willing to take risks with new innovation.
c)
An influential individual who can take an invention to market, often by financing the development, production and diffusion of a product into the marketplace.
d)
A simple and cost-effective way to protect an innovative shape, appearance or ornamentation.
17.
First to market
a)
The fourth fastest group to adopt an innovation. They do so after it has been established in the marketplace and are seldom willing to take risks with new innovation.
b)
The first product of its type to be released on the market.
c)
A product becomes outdated as a conscious act either to ensure a continuing market or to ensure that safety factors and new technologies can be incorporated into later versions of the product.
d)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
18.
Functional obsolescence
a)
These include personal motivation to express creativity/for personal interest, scientific or technical curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others.
b)
A thorough analysis of competing designs is required to establish the market need. Methods include user research, user trial, literature search, expert appraisal, performance test.
c)
The process of discovering a principle. A technical advance in a particular field often resulting in a novel product.
d)
Over time, products wear out and break down. If parts are no longer available, the product can no longer work in the way it originally did. Also, if a service vital to its functioning is no longer available, it can become obsolete.
19.
Innovation
a)
Consumerism is concerned with protecting customers from all organisations where there is an exchange relationship. The roots of consumerism can be traces through: disillusionment with the system; the performance gap; the consumer information gap; antagonism toward advertising; impersonal and unresponsive marketing institutions; intrusions of privacy; declining living standards; special problems of the disadvantaged; different views of the marketplace.
b)
A change is made in both technology and organization.
c)
The business of putting an invention in the marketplace and making it a success.
d)
A list of requirements, constraints and considerations that a yet-to- be-designed product must fulfil.
20.
Innovators
a)
The first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks.
b)
A tool for mapping out the four stages of a product's commercial life: Launch; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
c)
A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.
d)
A trademark is a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.
21.
Intellectual Property (IP)
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
A legal term for intangible property such as "creations of the mind" such as inventions and designs that are used in a commercial setting. Intellectual property is protected by law.
c)
A tool for mapping out the four stages of a product's commercial life: Launch; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
d)
A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.
22.
Invention
a)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
b)
The business of putting an invention in the marketplace and making it a success.
c)
The process of discovering a principle. A technical advance in a particular field often resulting in a novel product.
d)
A tool for mapping out the four stages of a product's commercial life: Launch; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
23.
Laggards
a)
A product or type of technology that challenges existing companies to ignore or embrace technical change
b)
A business practice in which a company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.
c)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
d)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
24.
Late majority
a)
The fourth fastest group to adopt an innovation. They do so after it has been established in the marketplace and are seldom willing to take risks with new innovation.
b)
A legal right that grants the creator of an original work exclusive ownership for its use and distribution. Usually for a limited time and within geographical boundaries, copyright allows the creator to receive compensation for their intellectual effort.
c)
An influential individual, usually working within an organization, who develops an enthusiasm for a particular idea or invention and "champions" it within that organization.
d)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
25.
Lone inventor
a)
Five characteristics identified by Rogers that impact on consumer adoption of an innovation: Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Observability; Trial-ability.
b)
A solution to a problem in one field is used to provide a new idea for a design problem in another.
c)
An individual working outside or inside an organization who is committed to the invention of a novel product and often becomes isolated because he or she is engrossed with ideas that imply change and are resisted by others.
d)
The essential requirements that a product must satisfy in relation to the user.
26.
Market analysis
a)
A business practice in which a company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.
b)
These include personal motivation to express creativity/for personal interest, scientific or technical curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others.
c)
The wide acceptance (and sale) of a product.
d)
An appraisal of economic viability of the proposed design from a market perspective, taking into account fixed and variable costs and pricing. It is typically a summary about potential users and the market.
27.
Market pull (innovation strategies)
a)
A new idea is needed as a result of demand from the marketplace.
b)
When a new technology supersedes an existing technology, the existing technology quickly falls out of use and is no longer incorporated into new products. Consumers instead opt for the newer, more efficient technology in their products.
c)
Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.
d)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
28.
Modular innovation
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
The basic configuration stays the same, but one or more key components are changed.
c)
An unexpected discovery leads to a new idea.
d)
A process where a new idea or adoption of a product by the market is actively slowed.
29.
Multi-disciplinary approach
a)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
b)
An influential individual, usually working within an organization, who develops an enthusiasm for a particular idea or invention and "champions" it within that organization.
c)
A trademark used to identify a service rather than a product.
d)
On occasion, the inventor is also the product champion and/or entrepreneur. This requires specific skill sets and actions to fulfil these roles and the reason inventors often take on multiple roles. Effective design draws from multiple areas of expertise, and this can be utilised at different stages of product development.
30.
Patent
a)
The third fastest group to adopt an innovation, tends to take more time to consider adopting new innovations and is inclined to draw from feedback from early adopters before taking the risk of purchasing new products/systems.
b)
The business of putting an invention in the marketplace and making it a success.
c)
An agreement from a government office to give someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.
d)
Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems, for example, laser technology.
31.
Patent pending
a)
An improvement in the organization and/or method of manufacture that often leads to reduced costs or benefits to consumers.
b)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
c)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
d)
A trademark used to identify a service rather than a product.
32.
Planned obsolescence
a)
The fourth fastest group to adopt an innovation. They do so after it has been established in the marketplace and are seldom willing to take risks with new innovation.
b)
A product becomes outdated as a conscious act either to ensure a continuing market or to ensure that safety factors and new technologies can be incorporated into later versions of the product.
c)
A new or improved product that meets the needs of consumers and sustains manufacturers
d)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
33.
Process innovation
a)
Late majority The last to adopt an innovation. They tend to prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks.
b)
Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.
c)
Five characteristics identified by Rogers that impact on consumer adoption of an innovation: Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Observability; Trial-ability.
d)
An improvement in the organization and/or method of manufacture that often leads to reduced costs or benefits to consumers.
34.
Product champion
a)
A simple and cost-effective way to protect an innovative shape, appearance or ornamentation.
b)
An influential individual, usually working within an organization, who develops an enthusiasm for a particular idea or invention and "champions" it within that organization.
c)
These include personal motivation to express creativity/for personal interest, scientific or technical curiosity, constructive discontent, desire to make money, desire to help others.
d)
The technology of the components stays the same, but the configuration of the components is changed to produce a new design.
35.
Product generations
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
An influential individual who can take an invention to market, often by financing the development, production and diffusion of a product into the marketplace.
c)
A business practice in which a company releases a new group of products that have advanced features compared to an earlier group.
d)
A trademark is a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.
36.
Product life cycle
a)
Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems, for example, laser technology.
b)
An individual working outside or inside an organization who is committed to the invention of a novel product and often becomes isolated because he or she is engrossed with ideas that imply change and are resisted by others.
c)
When a new technology supersedes an existing technology, the existing technology quickly falls out of use and is no longer incorporated into new products. Consumers instead opt for the newer, more efficient technology in their products.
d)
A tool for mapping out the four stages of a product's commercial life: Launch; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
37.
Product versioning
a)
The first product of its type to be released on the market.
b)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
c)
A business practice in which a company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.
d)
A high risk innovation strategy that introduces a new idea, system or product that is very different from the existing paradigm.
38.
Radical innovation
a)
A new idea is needed as a result of demand from the marketplace.
b)
An individual working outside or inside an organization who is committed to the invention of a novel product and often becomes isolated because he or she is engrossed with ideas that imply change and are resisted by others.
c)
When determining the target market, market sectors and segments need to be identified.
d)
A high risk innovation strategy that introduces a new idea, system or product that is very different from the existing paradigm.
39.
Research methods
a)
A business practice in which a company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.
b)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
c)
A thorough analysis of competing designs is required to establish the market need. Methods include user research, user trial, literature search, expert appraisal, performance test.
d)
The business of putting an invention in the marketplace and making it a success.
40.
Rogers' characteristics of innovation and consumers
a)
Technology that is shelved for various reasons. Sometimes shelved technologies will be rediscovered or taken off the shelf.
b)
Five characteristics identified by Rogers that impact on consumer adoption of an innovation: Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Observability; Trial-ability.
c)
The third fastest group to adopt an innovation, tends to take more time to consider adopting new innovations and is inclined to draw from feedback from early adopters before taking the risk of purchasing new products/systems.
d)
Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems, for example, laser technology.
41.
Service Mark (SM)
a)
A trademark used to identify a service rather than a product.
b)
An agreement from a government office to give someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.
c)
A new or improved product that meets the needs of consumers and sustains manufacturers
d)
The wide acceptance (and sale) of a product.
42.
Shelved technology
a)
Often referred to as the "eureka moment", a sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, usually after a period of thinking about a problem.
b)
A trademark used to identify a service rather than a product.
c)
A tool for mapping out the four stages of a product's commercial life: Launch; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
d)
Technology that is shelved for various reasons. Sometimes shelved technologies will be rediscovered or taken off the shelf.
43.
Social roots of consumerism
a)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
b)
A business practice in which a company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.
c)
An idea from one context is used to stimulate ideas for solving a problem in another context.
d)
Consumerism is concerned with protecting customers from all organisations where there is an exchange relationship. The roots of consumerism can be traces through: disillusionment with the system; the performance gap; the consumer information gap; antagonism toward advertising; impersonal and unresponsive marketing institutions; intrusions of privacy; declining living standards; special problems of the disadvantaged; different views of the marketplace.
44.
Style (fashion) obsolescence
a)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
b)
The first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks.
c)
A trademark used to identify a service rather than a product.
d)
Technology that is shelved for various reasons. Sometimes shelved technologies will be rediscovered or taken off the shelf.
45.
Suppression (Markets)
a)
A new or improved product that meets the needs of consumers and sustains manufacturers
b)
A process where a new idea or adoption of a product by the market is actively slowed.
c)
A legal term for intangible property such as "creations of the mind" such as inventions and designs that are used in a commercial setting. Intellectual property is protected by law.
d)
A simple and cost-effective way to protect an innovative shape, appearance or ornamentation.
46.
Sustaining innovation
a)
A new or improved product that meets the needs of consumers and sustains manufacturers
b)
An improvement in the organization and/or method of manufacture that often leads to reduced costs or benefits to consumers.
c)
A business practice in which a company releases a new group of products that have advanced features compared to an earlier group.
d)
An agreement from a government office to give someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years.
47.
Target audience
a)
A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.
b)
The basic configuration stays the same, but one or more key components are changed.
c)
The wide acceptance (and sale) of a product.
d)
The first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks.
48.
Target market
a)
When determining the target market, market sectors and segments need to be identified.
b)
The second fastest category to adopt an innovation.
c)
An appraisal of economic viability of the proposed design from a market perspective, taking into account fixed and variable costs and pricing. It is typically a summary about potential users and the market.
d)
The technology of the components stays the same, but the configuration of the components is changed to produce a new design.
49.
Technological obsolescence
a)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
b)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
c)
When a new technology supersedes an existing technology, the existing technology quickly falls out of use and is no longer incorporated into new products. Consumers instead opt for the newer, more efficient technology in their products.
d)
An influential individual who can take an invention to market, often by financing the development, production and diffusion of a product into the marketplace.
50.
Technology push (innovation strategies)
a)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
b)
When determining the target market, market sectors and segments need to be identified.
c)
An unexpected discovery leads to a new idea.
d)
A product or type of technology that challenges existing companies to ignore or embrace technical change
51.
Technology transfer (innovation strategies)
a)
An indication that an application for a patent has been applied for but has not yet been processed. The marking serves to notify those copying the invention that they may be liable for damages (including back-dated royalties), once a patent is issued.
b)
Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems, for example, laser technology.
c)
Five characteristics identified by Rogers that impact on consumer adoption of an innovation: Relative advantage; Compatibility; Complexity; Observability; Trial-ability.
d)
Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.
52.
Trademark ® or TM
a)
Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable. However, as evidenced by the concept of retro styling and the cyclic nature of fashion, products can become desirable again.
b)
The second fastest category to adopt an innovation.
c)
The first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks.
d)
A trademark is a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.
53.
User need
a)
The first individuals to adopt an innovation. They are willing to take risks.
b)
A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.
c)
The essential requirements that a product must satisfy in relation to the user.
d)
The technology of the components stays the same, but the configuration of the components is changed to produce a new design.
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