The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard, Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

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The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components that run the computer

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The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.

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(internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space that holds data, instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary storage is a collection of RAM chips.

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It s non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF.

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It is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost

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It is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.

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It is also called interface cards that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware.

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- Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.

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Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains the operating system and applications

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An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

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Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate

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Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system.

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Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

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The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard

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A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

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An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen

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The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs.

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A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and industrial controls. T

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A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen to the desired point on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.

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A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the user contacts the surface of the device with a wired or wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is officially the "tablet cursor."

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- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use

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Its also known as speech or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

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It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the information is called the screen or video display terminal.

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It was the only type of displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to 16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

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This technology has been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.

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A display and lighting technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.

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utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

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A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar to a touch screen.

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A device that prints text or illustrations on paper

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Sprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics. Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printe

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Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics.

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Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum.

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Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce low-quality print.

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An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

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- Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

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External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.

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External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.

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Intended for serial type mouse and older camera

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Also called as printer port. This is only for old model printer. It has 25 pins. It is a female port

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Used to connect monitors. It has 15 pins and it is a female port.

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High speed serial interface that is used with almost all devices. It is used to connect latest model printers, pen drives, cell phones etc. it has 4 pins.

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Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial connections commonly dedicated to a keyboard and mouse.

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Intended for power cord.

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S-Video connections are available on certain source components and video display devices, and offer a higher level of video performance over composite video signals.

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A physical interface often used for terminating twisted pair type cables used to connect computers onto a local-area networks (LAN), especially Ethernet RJ-45 connectors

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A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.

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is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into two main types:

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Any software required to support the production or execution of application programs, but which is not specific to any particular application. Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.

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Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related tasks. Examples of application software are as follows:

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Refers to people involved in the data processing operations such as the system administrator, office workers, students and others.

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It is used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment

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Used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static electricity from building up.

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s a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only hands. Hand tools can be used manually or electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools are as follows:

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Used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.

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Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.

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Used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws.

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Sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a screwdriver tightens screws.

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Used to hold small parts

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Used to strip and cut wires.

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Used to manipulate small parts

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– Used to retrieve parts from location that is too small for your hand to fit.

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Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

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Used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris.

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Used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching the components

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Used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.

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Used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts and prevents them from getting mixed together.

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Used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer components.

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Used to test the functionality of computer ports

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