WorksheetsCell Signaling
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 21mins
Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)
autocrine signaling
juxtracrine signaling
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.
relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.
amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.
It is formed from
ATP by a cyclization reaction that removes two phosphate groups from ATP
cATP
cGTP
cGPCR
cAMP
Adrenaline is released from your adrenal glands to affect various systems in the body. This is an example of ____ signaling.
juxtacrine (direct cell to cell contact)
endocrine (long distance)
paracrine (short distance)
autocrine (self-signaling)
Which are two widely used second messengers in many signal transduction pathways? (choose both)
cAMP
G-protein
Ca2+
adrenaline/epinephrine
What type of signaling is shown here?
autocrine (self-signaling)
juxtacrine (direct cell-to-cell contact)
endocrine (long-distance)
paracrine (short distance)
Protein kinases can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it. What is the benefit of pathways containing phosphorylation cascades with many kinases?
they increase signal reception
they create 2nd messengers
they increase amplification of the response
they terminate the signal transduction pathway
Many cancer cells signal themselves to grow and divide. This is an example of ______ signaling.
endocrine (long distance)
autocrine (self-signaling)
paracrine (short distance)
hormone (long distance)
After a cellular response is achieved, how is it terminated?
the ligand and receptor separate
block the transduction pathway
the cell will keep responding
send out a different signal
Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?
Reception
Transduction
Response
All of these
Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline or adrenalin) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. The model for the action of Epinephrine is shown below.
Which of the following would likely NOT be observed in a person injected with epinephrine?
Decreased production of cAMP in liver cells
Inactivation of glycogen synthase
Increased glucose mobilization
Activation of G proteins
Investigations into the causes behind symptoms in Alzheimer’s patients have led to the hypothesis that the disease may be caused by excessive activity of IP3 second messengers in brain cells. When comparing cell samples of Alzheimer’s patients to those taken from the control group, which of the following pieces of evidence would support this hypothesis?
According to the diagram, if the levels of thyroxine increases, then
the level of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) will also increase
the Temperature will continue to increase
the level of TSH will decrease
the amount of thyroxine will increase
