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IB Economics Y12 Microeconomics review

Total questions: 103

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Describe your demand for a product if you buy the same amount of it or just a small amount less after a large price increase.

a)

elastic

b)

unitary elastic

c)

inelastic

d)

hyperelastic

2.

Which of the following is an example of inelastic demand?

a)

Jason wants the most expensive cellphone. He decides to get a cheaper model.

b)

Priya wants to go to the season-opening game. Tickets to another game cost less, but she still buys tickets for the opener.

c)

Tianna wants to try out a new, expensive restaurant. She goes to another restaurant whose food is excellent and costs less.

d)

Shawn wants to buy a house in one neighborhood. But after searching, he decides to buy a house elsewhere instead.

3.

How does elasticity affect potential revenue for a firm?

a)

If demand for a good is inelastic, lowering the price could raise revenue.

b)

If demand for a good is inelastic, raising the price could reduce revenue.

c)

If demand for a good is elastic, raising the price must increase revenue.

d)

If demand for a good is elastic, raising the price could reduce revenue.

4.

Which of the following two goods is more likely to be inelastically demanded?

a)

Demand for tangerines

b)

Demand for fruit

5.

Which of the following two goods is more likely to be inelastically demanded?

a)

Demand for insulin

b)

Demand for vitamins

6.

The price elasticity of demand for the vertical demand curve is

a)

unitary elastic

b)

perfectly elastic

c)

inelastic

d)

perfectly inelastic

7.

Price elasticity of supply for goods is the ratio between

a)

change in percentage of supply quantity with changes in the percentage of goods price

b)

change in price and changes in percentage in supply quantity

c)

change in price and changes in supply quantity

d)

change in quantity supply and changes in price

8.

A mother who buys her son two sets of school uniforms every year regardless of changes in their prices has a perfectly inelastic demand for school uniforms

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

9.

The demand for Cheerios cereal is more price-elastic than the demand for cereals as a whole. This is best explained by the fact that:

a)

Cheerios are a luxury

b)

there are more substitutes for Cheerios than for cereals as a whole

c)

cereals are a necessity

d)

consumption of cereals as a whole is greater than consumption of Cheerios

10.

If a 3 percent decrease in the price of BMW cars results in a 5 percent increase in the number of BMW cars sold, the demand for BMW cars is unit elastic

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

11.

The price elasticity of demand for a textbook is estimated to be 1 no matter what the price or quantity demanded. In this case,

a)

a 10 percent increase in price will result in a 10 percent increase in the quantity demanded

b)

an increase in price will decrease the total revenue of sellers

c)

a decrease in price will increase the total revenue of sellers

d)

a 10 percent increase in price will result in a 10 percent decrease in the quantity demanded

12.

If the price elasticity of demand for a good is zero, this means that the goods

a)

will still be in demand when there is an increase in price

b)

will be purchased in the same quantity at any price level

c)

will not be in demand when there is an increase in price

d)

will be purchased in smaller quantities when there is an increase in price

13.

The price of goods A increases from RM200 to RM300, the quantity supplied increases from 100 units to 180 units. Compute the price elasticity of supply for goods A

a)

1.6

b)

0.42

c)

0.89

d)

1.2

14.

Calculate the co-efficient if the price of good A increased by 10% and the demand for good B fell by 5%

a)

2

b)

-2

c)

0.5

d)

-0.5

15.

What does income elasticity measure?

a)

Measures responsiveness of changes in quantity demanded to changes in price.

b)

Measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of

a good or service to a change in income.

c)

Measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of one good to changes in price of another good.

16.

What are substitutes?

a)

Lower quality goods that we consume when we are on lower incomes

b)

Higher quality versions of goods that we consume more of as our incomes rise

c)

Our basic needs. Things we need to survive e.g. housing clothing, food, power, transport

d)

Goods that can be used in place of each other

e)

Goods that we consume/use together

17.

What are complements?

a)

Lower quality goods that we consume when we are on lower incomes

b)

Higher quality versions of goods that we consume more of as our incomes rise

c)

Our basic needs. Things we need to survive e.g. housing clothing, food, power, transport

d)

Goods that can be used in place of each other

e)

Goods that we consume/use together

18.

What are necessities?

a)

Lower quality goods that we consume when we are on lower incomes

b)

Higher quality versions of goods that we consume more of as our incomes rise

c)

Our basic needs. Things we need to survive e.g. housing clothing, food, power, transport

d)

Goods that can be used in place of each other

e)

Goods that we consume/use together

19.

when consumers have an urgent need for a product

a)

the demand curve is inelastic

b)

the demand curve is elastic

c)

the demand curve is complementary

d)

the demand curve is unit demand

20.

The Price elasticity of milk is 1.4, therefore we can say that milk is...

a)

Elastic

b)

Inelastic

c)

Unit elastic

21.

The Price elasticity of Bread is 1, therefore we can say that bread is...

a)

Elastic

b)

Inelastic

c)

Unit elastic

22.

Petrol is inelastic on the short and the long run because...

a)

It is very expensive.

b)

We depend on oil to make it.

c)

There are very few subtitutes to petrol.

23.
Suppose that elasticity of demand of socks is 0.7.  If the price of socks is reduced by 10%, how will sales be effected?
a)
sales will grow by more than 10%
b)
Sales will grow by 10%
c)
Sales will grow by less than 10%
d)
Sales will decrease by 10%
24.

Water has seen an increase in demand 8% this summer, while the price has decreased 12%

a)

1.5 inelastic

b)

1.5 elastic

c)

.67 inelastic

d)

.67 elastic

25.

Wheat has seen a decrease in demand of 5%, while the price has increased 7%

a)

1.4 inelastic

b)

1.4 elastic

c)

.71 inelastic

d)

.71 elastic

26.

The graph of a demand curve that is perfectly elastic is:

a)

positively sloped.

b)

horizontal.

c)

vertical

d)

negatively sloped.

27.

For luxury goods, Income Elasticity of Demand will typically be.....

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

28.

What type of good would have an Y Elasticity of -4

a)

Luxury

b)

Necessity

c)

Inferior

d)

Most things in Aldi

29.

What type of good would have an Y Elasticity of 0.5

a)

Luxury

b)

Necessity

c)

Inferior

30.

A person's income rises by 10%, their demand for Big Macs drops by 5%. Calculate Income elasticity of Demand.

a)

0.5

b)

-0.5

c)

2

d)

-2

31.

During a recession, firms can expect...

a)

A. An increase in demand for normal goods

b)

B. An increase in demand for inferior goods

c)

C. A decrease in demand for normal goods

d)

D. Both B and C

32.
Demand is unit elastic if it is less than 1.0
a)
True
b)
False
33.
Demand is almost always more elastic at higher prices and less elastic at lower prices.
a)
True
b)
False
34.
Suppose that elasticity of demand of socks is 0.7.  If the price of socks is reduced by 10%, how will sales be effected?
a)
sales will grow by more than 10%
b)
Sales will grow by 10%
c)
Sales will grow by less than 10%
d)
Sales will decrease by 10%
35.
The elasticity of demand for tissues is 0.66. This means the demand for tissues is
a)
elastic
b)
unit elastic
c)
inelastic
d)
really expensive
36.

Which of these best describes the law of demand?

a)

if prices go up, quantity demanded will fall and if prices go down, quantity demanded will go up

b)

if prices go up, quantity demanded will also go up and if prices go down, quantity demanded will also go down

c)

there is no law of demand, each situation is unique and demand and prices cannot be predicted

d)

prices will go up for certain goods when quantity demanded goes up and vice versa

37.

Elasticity refers to

a)

how producers of goods and services react to price changes

b)

how consumers of goods and services react to price changes

c)

how far a supply of scarce goods can be stretched

d)

how often the price of a good or service changes when quantity demanded changes

38.
A complement example would be all except
a)
butter and margarine 
b)
peanut-butter and jelly
c)
flashlight and batteries 
d)
cameras and film 
39.
When replacing a certain item with with a less costly item is an example of
a)
the substitution effect 
b)
the income effect 
c)
demand elasticity 
d)
complements 
40.
Buying one ice-cream instead of two at lunch describes what concept 
a)
marginal utility 
b)
diminishing marginal utility
c)
demand
d)
consumerism 
41.
An increase in the number of consumers can cause 
a)
the demand curve to shift left
b)
the demand curve to shift right 
c)
the demand curve to shift up
d)
diminishing returns 
42.
Area of economics that deals with behaviors and decision making of units 
a)
Microeconomics 
b)
demand curve 
c)
demand 
d)
marginal utility 
43.
The extra usefulness of satisfaction a person gets from acquiring of using one or more unit of a product 
a)
elasticity 
b)
marginal utility 
c)
substitutes 
d)
income effect 
44.
The amount that consumers spend on a product at a particular price
a)
marginal utility 
b)
demand 
c)
total expenditures 
45.
Change in quantity demanded due to a change in price that alters a consumers real income 
a)
elasticity 
b)
inelastic 
c)
income effect 
d)
total expenditures 
46.
An increase in demand will shift the demand curve...
a)
Right 
b)
Left 
c)
no movement 
d)
no change
47.

Ford Trucks have seen a increase in demand of 27%, while the price has decreased 15%

a)

.56 inelastic

b)

.56 elastic

c)

1.8 inelastic

d)

1.8 elastic

48.
which of the following is not a determinant of demand elasticity?
a)
availability of substitutes
b)
share of consumer's budget spend on good
c)
duration of adjustment period
d)
government spending
49.
If the price on a product goes up the quantity demanded will go down. This follows the economic theory of:
a)
Law of Demand
b)
elasticity
c)
Ceteris Paribus
d)
Both A and C
50.

What does it mean?

Ed = 1

a)

Perfectly inelastic demand

b)

Inelastic demand

c)

Unitarily elastic demand

d)

Elastic demand

e)

Perfectly elastic demand

51.

What does it mean?

Ed = ∞

a)

Perfectly inelastic demand

b)

Inelastic demand

c)

Unitarily elastic demand

d)

Elastic demand

e)

Perfectly elastic demand

52.

Which of the following has more elastic demand?

a)
b)
c)
d)
53.

Which of the following has more elastic demand?

a)
b)
c)
d)
54.

Which of the following has more elastic demand?

a)
b)
c)
d)
55.

Which of the following has more inelastic demand?

a)
b)
c)
d)
56.

What area represents producer surplus in the graph shown here if this market is in equilibrium?

a)

P2MP0

b)

P4MP2

c)

LMN

d)

P4PLN

e)

P0MP4

57.

Consumer surplus is the buyer's willingness to pay minus the seller's cost.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Consumer surplus decreases when the price in that market increases.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

Consumer surplus is the area

a)

below the demand curve and above the price.

b)

above the supply curve and below the price.

c)

above the demand curve and below the price.

d)

above the demand curve and below the price.

60.

A buyer's willingness to pay is that buyer's

a)

minimum amount they are willing to pay for a good.

b)

producer surplus.

c)

consumer surplus.

d)

maximum amount they are willing to pay for a good.

61.
You are the manager of Fun World, a small amusement park that only charges per ride. The diagram shows the demand curve for a typical customer. At $5 per ride, how much consumer surplus does each customer get?
a)
$5
b)
$15
c)
$25
d)
$50
62.

Producer Surplus is the area

a)

Below the price and above the supply curve

b)

Under the supply curve

c)

Between the supply and demand curves

d)

Under the demand curve, and above the price

63.

Other things being equal, if the price of a good falls, the consumer surplus

a)

May increase, decrease, or remain unchanged

b)

Increases

c)

Is unchanged

d)

Decreases

64.

If a buyer's willingness to pay for a new Honda is €20,000 and she is able to actually buy it for €18,000, her consumer surplus is

a)

€18,000

b)

€20,000

c)

€2,000

d)

€38,000

65.
When the demand for a product or service is higher than the supply this causes what?
a)
shortage
b)
consumer
c)
surplus
d)
equilibrium
66.
When the supply of a product or service goes up and the demand stays the same the Price will typically do what? 
a)
rise
b)
fall
c)
stay the same
d)
Consumer
67.

When the price is P1, consumer surplus is

a)

A

b)

A + B

c)

A + B + C

d)

A + B + D

68.

Another kind of resources are useful materials that

come from the earth. Many kinds of these resources are needed to make goods. Examples are water, soil, and wood.

a)

human

b)

natural

c)

capital

69.

What are the resources called that are needed to produce goods and services? Examples are computers, tools, and money.

a)

human

b)

natural

c)

capital

70.

Choose right answer. What is consumer surplus?

a)

Consumer surplus=Value to buyers +Amount paid by buyers

b)

Consumer surplus = Amount received by sellers - Cost to sellers

c)

Consumer surplus =Amount received by sellers +Cost to sellers

d)

Consumer surplus=Value to buyers - Amount paid by buyers

71.

Jen values her time at $60 an hour. She spends 2 hours giving Colleen a math class. Colleen was willing to pay as much at $300 for the math class, but they negotiate a price of $200. In this transaction,

a)

consumer surplus is $20 larger than producer surplus.

b)

consumer surplus is $40 larger than producer surplus

c)

producer surplus is $20 larger than consumer surplus

d)

producer surplus is $40 larger than consumer surplus

72.

The demand curve for cookies is downward-sloping. When the price of cookies is $2, the quantity demanded is 100. If the price rises to $3, what happens to consumer surplus?

a)

It falls by more than $100

b)

It rises by less than $100

c)

It falls by less than $100

d)

It rises by more than $100

73.

What is the producer surplus?

a)

Producer surplus = Amount received by sellers - Cost to sellers

b)

Producer surplus = Amount received by sellers +Cost to sellers

c)

Consumer surplus =Amount received by sellers + Cost to sellers

d)

Producer surplus = Amount received by sellers - Amount paid by buyers

74.

Find the consumer surplus triangle from the graph.

a)

BDC

b)

ABCD

c)

ACD

d)

ABD

75.

Find the producer surplus triangle from the graph.

a)

ABD

b)

BCD

c)

ACD

d)

ABCD

76.

An efficient allocation of resources maximizes............

a)

consumer surplus

b)

producer surplus

c)

consumer surplus plus producer surplus

d)

consumer surplus minus producer surplus

77.

When a market is in equilibrium, the buyers are those with the ________ willingness to pay and the sellers are those with the ________ costs.

a)

highest, highest

b)

highest, lowest

c)

lowest, highest

d)

lowest, lowest

78.

John has been working as a tutor for $300 a semester. When the university raises the price it pays tutors to $400, Jasmine enters the market and begins tutoring as well. How much does producer surplus rise as a result of this price increase?

a)

by less than $100

b)

between $200 and $300

c)

between $100 and $200

d)

by more than $300

79.

Producing the goods that society wants at the lower possible cost is the concept of ________

a)

Efficiency

b)

Consumer surplus

c)

Producer surplus

d)

PPF

80.

Consumer surplus is ________

a)

The difference between what a producer is prepared to sell at and what they actually sell at

b)

Total benefits - total costs

c)

The difference between what a consumer is prepared to pay and what they actually pay

d)

Total costs - total benefits

81.

The diagram shows the demand for pizza. What is the consumer surplus on the first pizza?

a)

$5

b)

$12

c)

$3

d)

$4

82.

The diagram shows the demand for pizza. What is the consumer surplus on the last pizza?

a)

$0

b)

$12

c)

$3

d)

$4

83.

When market price falls, what happens?

a)

Consumer surplus decreases

b)

Consumer surplus increases

c)

Demand shifts right

d)

Demand shifts left

84.

Economic efficiency occurs when ___________

a)

Consumer surplus is greater than producer surplus

b)

Producer surplus is greater than Consumer surplus

c)

Total surplus is maximised

d)

The government levies a tax on the good

85.

The war in Ukraine leads to a decrease in supply of fuel. Which of the following would happen?

a)

Decrease in deadweight loss

b)

Increase in deadweight loss

c)

Increase in demand

d)

Decrease in supply

86.
After soccer practice, Phil is willing to pay $1 for a bottle of spring water. He stops at Sheetz which is selling bottles of spring water for $1.50, so declines to purchase it. His consumer surplus is:
a)
$0
b)
$0.50
c)
$1
d)
$1.50
87.
What is the equilibrium price of a book in this market?
a)
$75
b)
$80
c)
$85
d)
$90
88.

You are the manager of Fun World, a small amusement park that only charges per ride. The diagram shows the demand curve for a typical customer. At $5 per ride, how much consumer surplus does each customer get? (Hint = you need to calculate the area of a triangle)

a)

$5

b)

$15

c)

$25

d)

$50

89.

Now suppose you consider lowering the price per ride to $0. How much consumer surplus would each individual customer get? (Hint = you need to calculate the area of a triangle)

a)

$50

b)

$75

c)

$100

d)

$200

90.

Now that you have lowered the price per ride to $0, what is the maximum admission fee Fun World could charge to the typical customer? (Hint = consider the amount of consumer surplus!)

a)

$50

b)

$75

c)

$100

d)

$200

91.
Refer to the graph shown. When the market price rises from P1 to P2, consumer surplus:
a)
Increases by an amount equal to A
b)
Decreases by an amount equal to B + C
c)
Increases by an amount equal to B + C
d)
Decreases by an amount equal to C
92.
Paul goes to the clothing store to buy a new t-shirt, for which he is willing to pay $10. He finds the perfect t-shirt that costs $10. At the register he learns it is 50% off. Paul's consumer surplus is:
a)
$0
b)
$5
c)
$10
d)
$15
93.

A cap is introduced on the number of taxi licenses. What happens in the market? (more than one answer)

a)

Shortage of supply

b)

Supply surplus

c)

Decrease in price

d)

Increase in price

94.

A _________ is a legislated maximum price that sellers are allowed to charge in the market.

a)

Equilibrium price

b)

Price ceiling

c)

Price floor

d)

Deadweight loss

95.

What is a price ceiling design to do?

a)

Reduce deadweight loss

b)

Keeps the price below the market clearing price

c)

Maximise economic welfare

d)

Keeps the price above the market clearing price

96.

A price ceiling results in ________

a)

A surplus because Qs exceeds Qd

b)

A shortage because Qd exceeds Qs

c)

A shortage because Qs exceeds Qd

d)

A surplus because Qd exceeds Qs

97.

After the price ceiling is introduced, what is the effect?

a)

Producers sell less at a lower price

b)

Producers sell more at a lower price

c)

Decrease in economic welfare

d)

Increase in economic welfare

98.

A _______ is a legislated minimum price that sellers are allowed to charge in the market

a)

Price floor

b)

Price ceiling

c)

Equilibrium price

d)

Surplus

99.
Jennifer buys a piece of costume jewelry for $33 for which she was willing to pay $42.  The minimum acceptable price to the seller, Nathan, was $30.  Jennifer experiences...
a)
A consumer surplus of $12 and Nathan experiences a producer surplus of $3
b)
A producer surplus of $9 and Nathan experiences a consumer surplus of $3
c)
A consumer surplus of $9 and Nathan experiences a producer surplus of $3
d)
A producer surplus of $9 and Nathan experiences a consumer surplus of $12
100.
If the government imposes a price ceiling at P3, which area would represent consumer surplus?
a)
a,b,c
b)
a,b,c,d,e
c)
a,b,d
d)
f
101.
If the government imposed an effective price ceiling at P3, which would be matched correctly?
a)
d,e,f- producer surplus; e- deadweight loss
b)
f- producer surplus, abc- consumer surplus
c)
c,e- deadweight loss; f- producer surplus
d)
a,b,d- producer surplus; c,e- deadweight loss
102.
Efficiency loss is another term for...
a)
Deadweight loss
b)
Consumer surplus
c)
Producer surplus
d)
Elasticity
103.
A consumer's demand curve for a product is downsloping because...
a)
total utility falls below marginal utility as more of a product is consumed
b)
marginal utility diminishes as more of a product is consumed
c)
the income and substitution effects precisely offset eachother
d)
time becomes less valuable as more of a product is consumed