The visible and invisible elements which make up a culture

A series of interconnected traits

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of a culture from their hearths to wide areas

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

Refers to three cultural designations; Pass down long-held beliefs, values, and practices

The beliefs and practices of small, homogeneous groups of people, often living in rural areas that are relatively isolated and slow to change

Members of an ethnic group who reside in their ancestral lands and typically possess cultural traits

The increased integration of the world economy since the 1970s

Cultural traits that spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups

Cultural traits which have been adopted worldwide

The modification of the environment by a group

Physical objects created by a culture

Tangible things, or those that can be experienced by the senses

The beliefs, knowledge, and values of a culture

Intangible concepts, or those not having any physical presence

The ways people organize their society and relate to one another

A phenomenon in which many modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity

The physical artifacts that humans have created and that form part of the landscape

Architectural style that reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment

Movement away from boxy, mostly concrete or brick structures toward high rise structures made from large amounts of steel and glass sliding

Architectural style which advances to create buildings that rotate, curve, and stretch the limits of height and size

The membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history

Clusters of people of the same culture

Regions based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity

Similar to cultural regions but rather include several regions

Specific places and natural features that have religious significance

Something which occurs when one group of people are dispersed to various locations

The first group to establish cultural and religious customs in a space

Ethnic concentrations in rural areas

A process in which ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape

The process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place

Related sets of cultural traits and complexes that create similar behaviors across space

A person’s connection to a particular country

Forces that unify a group of people or a region

Forces that divide a group of people or a region

The legal framework of a country derived from Islamic edicts taken from their holy book

Laws that restrict certain activities

An attempt to follow a literal interpretation of a religious faith

A form of government in which religious leaders run the government through religious laws

The belief that one’s own culture is more important or superior to other cultures

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other’s group’s culture

The action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

The spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration

A type of diffusion which occurs when a cultural trait spreads through continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence.

A trait which diffuses from a group of lower status to a group of higher status

A type of diffusion which occurs when an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modify or reject one trait