people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history and who desire political autonomy

e.g. Japanese, German, French, Hmong

(a)  

a state within a single nation (very few exist)

e.g. Japan, Iceland, Armenia, Lesotho

(a)  

a nation who do not have their own independent state

e.g. Palestinians, Basque, Kurds, Hmong

(a)  

a state with 2 or more nations (includes most states)

e.g. Germany, France, Russia, Mexico, U.S.

(a)  

a nation living across states

e.g. Koreans, Kurds, Basque, Russians

(a)  

an area which governs itself, but is not an independent country

e.g. Greenland, The Azores, Hong Kong, Catalonia and Basque region (Spain)

(a)  

an area which can govern itself in certain areas, but does not have complete power to govern

e.g. Nunavut (Canada), Native American reservations (U.S.)

(a)  

final authority over a territory and the right to defend territorial integrity against incursion.

e.g. who is in charge? 1 person? a few? is it a democracy?

(a)  

ruled by an autonomous power over a subordinate people and place that creates unequal cultural and economic relations

(a)  

the drive toward creation and expansion of an empire and then once established, its perpetuation

e.g. Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, Japan, China, Russia

(a)  

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

(a)  

an area that believes that it should be its own country

e.g. colonized people against their colonizers

(a)  

expressed geographically as control over people, land, and resources

(a)  

political system with governing authority

(a)  

government with a strong central power, no constitutional accountability, no individual freedoms

e.g. absolute monarchy (Saudi Arabia), dictatorship (North Korea), fascism(Germany)

(a)  

government where power resides with the majority (Ancient Greece)

(a)  

government where power resides in a body of citizens entitles to vote and is exercised by elected representatives responsible to them and governing according to law (U.S., Germany, France)

(a)  

the process of moving from a non-democracy (authoritarian rule, colonial rule) to a democratic system

(a)  

form of indirect control through the use of economic/political pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former colonies in which the continue to be exploited

(a)  

region endangered by local conflicts within the state or between countries in an area, as well as the involvement of opposing great powers outside the region.

e.g. Eastern Europe, Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia)

(a)  

geographical feature (sea or land) that has significant strategic importance

e.g. Straits of Gibraltar, English Channel, Panama Canal, Suez Canal

(a)  

the connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land creating a desire for ownership over a defined space.

(a)  

line that determines the limit of state jurisdiction that is a vertical plane that cuts through the subsoil and extends into the airspace above and often coincides with cultural, national, or economic divisions

(a)  

phase in which the boundary is negotiated and legally described

(a)  

phase in which the boundary is drawn on the map

(a)  

phase in which markers are placed on the ground (signs, walls, fences)

(a)  

phase in which boundary is maintained

(a)  

disagreement over the location of a boundary/movement across the boundary (migration/smuggling) and can cause conflict

(a)  

when a state wants to annex territory whose population is ethnically similar

(a)  

boundary in the natural landscape that existed before the cultural landscapes emerged and stayed in place as people moved in

e.g. Lakes between U.S. and Canada

(a)  

boundary that coincides with cultural groups (religion, language)

i.e. europe

(a)  

boundary that evolves as the cultural landscape of an area takes shape and changes as cultural landscape changes

i.e. Pakistan and India

(a)  

boundary that is drawn by powerful outsiders (e.g. colonizers) and ignores existing cultural groups

i.e. Africa

(a)  

boundary that no longer exists as an international border, but remnants of its existence remain

i.e. Berlin Wall

(a)  

boundary that follows a straight line or arc

i.e. U.S. & Canada, western U.S.

(a)  

a meeting (1884-1885) between European nations to divide Africa among them for colonization with the intent of preventing conflict over the process

(a)  

from the 17th to 19th century, large parts of Africa were divided according to which pieces of land belonged to which European colonizer and not by the existing patterns of different tribal people/ethnicities living on the land

(a)  

the superimposed boundaries of Africa remained in place after independence, which has led to much of the current conflict and lack of ability to establish effective leadership

(a)  

a buffer zone created by treaties/agreements between two or more military powers that falls on either side of the actual boundary

i.e. DMZ between north and south korea

(a)  

establishment of formal commitments between countries on world related issues that can either encourage interactions ( trade) or discourage dispites (resources)

e.g. trade, environments, economic developments, refugees, boundaries/borders

(a)  

policies or actions designed to induce states to change their behavior

e.g. freeze on Iranian assets

(a)  

established rights and responsibilities of states concerning onership/use of ocean/seas and their resources as developed by the united nations convention on the Law of the sea

(a)  

zone of the water adjacent to a state's coast(12 miles) in which a state as sovereignty

(a)  

zone of water adjacent to Territorial Sea (24 miles) in which state can enforce customs, immigration, and sanitation laws

(a)  

zone of water adjacent to contiguous zone (200 miles) in which a stae has the right to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage resources

(a)  

ocean beyond the EEZ, in which all states have equal access

(a)  

method used to divide the waters between states that do not have 400 miles between them

(a)  

subdivision for electing member to a legislative body

(a)  

when coting districts are redrawn due to changes in population

(a)  

redistricting that is unfair and gives an advantage to a particular party by concentrating voting strength

(a)  

state that is governed as a single unit with a central top down form of form of governance where local territories only have power that is granted by the central government.

e.g. U.K., France, Spain, China, Italy

(a)  

state where there is a division in power between a central government and local territories/provinces/States/oblasts

e.g. Canada, U.S., Russia

(a)  

regions that is given greater autonomy from the central government

(a)  

an area which governs itself, but is not an independent country

e.g. Greenland, The Azores, Hong Kong, Catalonia and Basque region (Spain)

(a)  

an area which can govern itself in certain areas, but does not have complete power to govern

e.g. Nunavut (Canada), Native American Reservations (U.S.)

(a)  

the transfer of decision-making power from a central government to a lower level

(a)  

ethnic separatism, economic and social issues, irredentism, physical geography, centrifugal forces, terrorism, ethnic cleaning

(a)  

states fragment into subnational political territorial units

e.g. Spain: Nasque/Catalonia

(a)  

states disintegrate

(a)  

political and/or economic alliance of 3 or more states that is formed for mutual benefit to promote shared goals and resolve disputes, but can limit the economic or political actions of member states creating challenge to state sovereignty

(a)  

union formed to promote international world peace and security after WW11, comprised of 6 principal organs that meet to decide on common issues and policies.

(a)  

economic alliance to gradually eliminate tariffs and trade barriers between U.S., Mexico, and Canada

(a)  

political, economic, and social alliance aimed at promoting greater unity, cohesion, and efficiency of African states and reducing the strains of their colonial roots

(a)  

military alliance formed after WWII between the U.S., Canada, and 26 European states to ensure mutual assistance in times of aggression

(a)  

economic alliance aimed at improving development in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, and Brunei

(a)  

alliance aimed at promoting cooperation, coordination, and interaction among Arctic states, Arctic indigenous communities, and other Arctic inhabitants on issues of sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic

members: U.S., Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia

(a)  

alliance between 2 or more states who agree on mutual protection and support in case of a crisis

e.g. NATO formed to defend against threats by communist countries after WWII

(a)  

treaty between two or more states who agree on trade, tariffs, taxes, and often includes investment guarantees.

e.g. NAFTA formed to eliminate tariffs on trade between Canada, Mexico, and the U.S.

(a)  

cost advantages gained by an increased level of production

(a)  

establishment of protocols dealing with greenhouse gas emissions by the UN

(a)  

advances in communication technology have facilitated devolution, supranationalism, and democratization

(a)  

forces within a state that promote unity and national stability (nationalism)

(a)  

forces within a state that destabilize or weaken it

(a)  

economic alliance between European countries (1992) that established free trade and open border and a common currency (Eurozone)

(a)