other ways to structureiterative loops. Where the if statement executed a statement once if a condition was met, and the for loop cycles through a specified number of times

is like a modified while statement in that it executes a line or lines of code and then tests for a condition at the end of the loop rather than the beginning before deciding to loop to the beginning again or not.

is like a really nifty version of the if statement in that it can execute one or more blocks of code, depending on a range of conditions.

can be used inside other control statements to immediately end the loop or statement.

does not exit or quit an iterative loop like break does, but rather it skips over any remaining statements inside the loop and goes on to the next repetition of the loop.

the simplest of the control structures and is among the most prominent method for Arduino decision making.

variable qualifier makes the value of a variable a read-only constant that cannot be changed once the value has been assigned.

Arduino’s primary variable data type for storing numbers/ it can be used to store numerical values between -32,768 and 32,767.

Numeric data types a can express numbers with a negative value.