attraction between water molecules and other molecules

the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element

calculated mean of the mass number for an element's isotopes

total number of protons in an atom

statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the tubes' sides

interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in forming molecules

process leading to rearranging atoms in molecules

the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements

type of strong bond formed between two atoms of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance

negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of -1 unit

movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creating ionic bonds

ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms

one of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons

steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system

change from liquid to gaseous state at a body of water's surface, plant leaves, or an organism's skin

group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton

high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor

molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

pH paper), filter paper treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes in order to use it as a pH indicator

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

two or more atoms chemically bonded together

uncharged particle that resides in an atom's nucleus; has a mass of one amu

type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells

any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

organizational chart of elements indicating each element's atomic number and atomic mass; provides key information about the elements' properties

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the hydrogen ions' concentration in a solution

type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal electron sharing, resulting in creating slightly positive and negative charged molecule regions

molecule that is result of chemical reaction

positively charged particle that resides in the atom's nucleus; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1

isotope that emits radiation comprised of subatomic particles to form more stable elements

molecule that takes part in a chemical reaction

substance capable of dissolving another substance

the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius

when a polar water molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the liquid's molecules

outermost shell of an atom

very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together