WorksheetsUnit 8 Test Review
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 19mins
Why was it difficult for large civilizations in Mesoamerica and South America to hold together?
variations in environment and geography that made travel and communication difficult
weak military
difficulty in growing food
religious differences that caused disputes within the civilizations
What are two environmental obstacles that the Chavin had to overcome?
earthquakes and geographical instability
landslides and heavy rainfall
altitude and temperature extremes
extreme dryness and fires
What do the key features listed indicate about Chavin, Olmec, and Zapotec belief systems?
* Cosmo-magical belief system
* Worship of mythical creatures
* Artifacts with human, avion, and feline features
The use of avion features indicates that the civilizations valued travel and trade.
The use of feline imagery indicates the fear and distrust people had for the animals that lived in the surrounding environment.
The references to food and crops indicate that people valued agricultural resources more than religion within their civilizations.
The use of animals and humans indicates that people valued their environment and connected it with the cosmos.
Which of the following accurately summarizes how the Olmec Empire ruled and interacted with its environment?
The jungle provided an abundant amount of food without needing to cultivate the land.
The riverways allowed irrigation for fields and travel to other regions to obtain resources.
The volcanic regions provided rubber and stone to build structures and temples.
The Olmec Empire used indigenous animals to travel far distances and trade.
True or False. The kings held the most power in the Mayan political structure.
True
False
How did power become centralized across independent Mayan city-states?
As the empire expanded, those with political and religious power became leaders and ruled with other city-states.
As the empire expanded, city-states fell due to increasing government expenses.
Mayan people became discontented with the king and created their own central government.
As city-states fell, centralized Spanish authority took over.
What impact did trade networks have on Mayan city-states?
Trade networks connected Mayan city-states with the transatlantic trade network.
Trade networks led to the decline of Mayan city-states.
Trade networks led city-states to serve as centers of trade and gain great wealth.
Trade networks brought Europeans to Mayan city-states.
How did the Maya use their environment to build architectural structures?
They developed a calendar to better understand the local climate.
They used step terraces to build different structures.
They studied the stars to better understand how to construct buildings.
They mined limestone, sandstone, and volcanic tuff as building materials.
Why did the Mexica spend two centuries migrating before they settled at Lake Texcoco?
The Mexica were constantly running from their enemies who did not want them settling in their regions.
The Mexica were trying to find their way back to their original home at the caves at Aztlan.
The Mexica believed that the god Huitzilopochtli was leading them to a promised land.
The Mexica were unable to build villages where their people could live safely for any amount of time.
True or False: The Aztecs forced conquering peoples to sacrifice all of their luxury goods that had high trade value.
True
False
Which of the following best explains the role of human sacrifice in the Aztec Empire?
The Aztecs routinely sacrificed their enemies in order to show how powerful they were.
The Aztecs slowly stopped doing human sacrifices because they worried it was not a good practice.
It was a highly structured ritual practice where individuals chosen as sacrifices were honored.
It only was practiced occasionally because the Aztecs did not think it was an important act.
Which of the following best describes the mitma policy used by the Inca?
public service required of able-bodied people for a period of time each year
records that the Inca kept about rulers, taxation, and measurements of time
donation of all lands conquered by the Inca to the Sapa Inca as his property
forced resettlement of a conquered ethnic group across the empire to dilute their political power
Why did the Inca engage in continuous expansion?
Land could not be inherited by new rulers, so they had to expand the empire to gain more wealth and power.
The Inca lacked resources for their pastoral lifestyle, so they conquered grazing lands owned by other groups.
The need for laborers after the failure of the mit’a made it necessary to conquer new lands.
The Inca's conflicts with the Wari and Tikawanu civilizations forced them to grow the empire for more power.
How did geography affect the Inca Empire?
The Inca Empire expanded from North America into South America, making it difficult to govern over long distances.
The Inca Empire was geographically small in size, but the height of the Andes Mountains made it difficult to govern.
The Inca Empire had to govern not just north and south across a large empire, but also vertically along the Andes Mountains.
The Inca Empire's expansion into the Amazon River basin gave them a diverse set of climates to govern.
True or False: The quipu, a census of the Inca popultation, is an example of the type of information recorded for the Inca Empire.
True
False
How did the Inca prevent revolts by local rulers who gained too much power or from newly conquered ethnic groups?
The Inca supported local autonomy and ethnic diversity through the use of ayllu.
The Inca only constructed roads in areas loyal to the empire and maintained them with mit’a labor.
The Inca forcibly resettled people to different parts of the empire to dilute potential opposition.
The Inca constructed large storehouses to control food supplies and prevent access to disloyal communities.
Explain the cultural reason why the Aztec engaged in warfare.
to test the power of the Triple Alliance
to spread their language Quechua to conquered people
to ensure they would be feared by local leaders
to ensure a steady supply of people for sacrifice
Explain how the Aztec and Inca were similar in their political interactions.
They both kept local rulers in charge but demanded tribute.
They both built roads to trade goods within their empires.
They both used the pochteca to maintain control.
They both imposed worship of the sun god.
Analyze the similar environmental and cultural impacts of the Aztec and Inca.
They both worshipped the sun god and grew coco leaves to make chocolate.
They both used dikes and grew corn.
They both used ashlar stone construction and built roads.
The both altered their environment for farming and introduced language.
True or False: Scholars say the Wari were the original developers of terrace farming because their sites included canals, water tunnels, and irrigation canals for crops.
True
False
Investigate how the Chimu influenced the Inca.
The Chimu worshipped the creator god Viracocha.
The Chimu built roads and created a messenger system using runners.
The Chimu created the quipu to record information.
The Chimu created posts called tampus to deliver objects.
How did Spanish monks Bartolomé de Las Casas and Gerónimo de Mendieta respond to the devastation caused by Eurasian diseases in the Americas?
They praised God for conquering their greatest enemy.
They made records of the devastation and believed God was punishing the Spanish for their behavior.
They successfully nursed communities back to health.
They used the devastation as evidence to stop the advancement of Spanish armies.
What was the Europeans’ immediate reaction to the riches coming from the Spanish silver and gold mines?
Adventurers began their own conquests.
There was increased interest in preserving Indigenous culture.
There was an immediate dependence on the gold.
They began funneling all riches to the Catholic Church.
Why did Cortés enlist the Tlaxcalans and the Totonac to help defeat the Aztec?
The Tlaxcalans and the Totonac were eager to get out from under the self-imposed rule of the Aztec.
Cortés used the Tlaxcalans and the Totonac to help him fight the Aztec because he wanted them to run his New World territories after he left.
The Tlaxcalans and the Totonac could help lure Aztec forces into a false sense of security by offering tribute.
Cortés needed their help because he knew that his military technology was not strong enough to defeat the Aztec.
True or False: The Inca and Aztec Empires eventually fell under Spanish control because the Spanish had superior weapons.
True
False
