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Hackbarth Benchmark Review

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
BB
b)
Bb
c)
bb
d)
Blue eyes
2.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
3.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
4.
having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred).
a)
homozygous
b)
hetrozygous
c)
protein
d)
chromosome
5.
having two different genes for a trait (sometimes called hybrid).
a)
protein
b)
homozygous
c)
heterozygous
d)
genotype
6.
An allele whose trait only shows up when no dominant allele is present.
a)
hidden allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
recessive allele
d)
present allele
7.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
T
8.
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
a)
recessive allele
b)
dominant allele
c)
hidden allele
d)
present allele
9.
father of genetics
a)
Gregor Mendel
b)
James Watson
c)
Dr. Robbins
d)
Francis Crick
10.

Which is heterozygous ?

a)

Tt

b)

TT

11.
Which is homozygous ?
a)
Zz
b)
SS
12.
Which is the correct phenotype for this organism?
a)
BB
b)
blue
c)
green
d)
bb
13.

A red flower (Rr) is crossed with a white flower (rr). What is the genotypic ratio?

a)

0 RR; 0 Rr: 4 rr

b)

2 RR; 0 Rr: 2 rr

c)

4 RR; 0 Rr: 0 rr

d)

0 RR; 2 Rr: 2 rr

14.

In sheep, the allele for belly fur (A) is dominant to the allele for no belly fur (a): Two sheep with no belly fur mate and produce offspring. What is the percent chance that the offspring will have belly fur?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

e)

100%

15.
How many phenotypes are there in ABO blood types?
a)
3
b)
4
c)
6
d)
12
16.
How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?
a)
There is no difference
b)
The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype
c)
There is no heterozygous genotype
d)
There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.
17.
If you cross a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon, only pink snapdragons will be produced.  What type of inheritance pattern does this follow?
a)
Complete Dominance
b)
Incomplete Dominance
c)
Co-Dominance
d)
Sex-linked
18.

If you cross a black chicken with a white chicken, black-white checkered chickens are produced. What kind of inheritance pattern does this follow?

a)

incomplete Dominance

b)

Co-Dominance

c)

Sex-linked Inheritance

d)

Multiple alleles

19.

This is an example of ___________?

a)

Incomplete dominance

b)

Co-Dominance

c)

Sex-linked inheritance

d)

Autosomal recessive inheritance

20.

this image is an example of

a)

codominance

b)

dominance

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

polygenic dominance

21.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
22.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
23.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
24.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
25.
RNA contains the sugar
a)
ribose
b)
deoxyribose
c)
glucose
d)
lactose
26.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of bases?
a)
RNA contains uracil in place of thymine
b)
RNA contains uracil in place of adenine
c)
RNA contains uracil in place of guanine
d)
RNA contains uracil in place of  cytosine
27.
I travel outside of the nucleus.
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
28.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

29.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
30.
How does RNA differ from DNA?
a)
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose
b)
RNA contains ribose and thymine
c)
RNA contains uracil and ribose
d)
RNA contains adenine and ribose
31.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
32.

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Transformation

33.

A chain of amino acids is called

a)

Polymer chain

b)

Polypeptide Chain

c)

RNA chain

d)

Protein Synthsis Chain

34.

Who discovered the structure of DNA

a)

Francis/Crick

b)

Crick/ Williams

c)

James/Watson

d)

Crick/Watson

35.

What determines the genetic code?

a)

the order of nitrogen bases along a gene

b)

the number of nitrogen bases in a DNA molecule

c)

the order of amino acids in a protein

d)

the number of guanine and cytosine bases in a chromosome

36.

What does messenger RNA do during protein synthesis?

a)

copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the cytoplasm

b)

copies the coded message from the DNA and carries it into the nucleus

c)

carries amino acids and adds them to the growing protein

d)

copies the coded message from the protein and carries it into the nucleus

37.

What is a mutation?

a)

any change that is harmful to an organism

b)

any change ( mistake) in a gene or chromosome

c)

any change that is helpful to an organism

d)

any change in the phenotype of a cell

38.

A mutation is harmful to an organism if it

a)

changes the DNA of the organism.

b)

changes the phenotype of the organism.

c)

reduces the organism’s chances for survival and reproduction

d)

makes the organism better able to avoid predators.

39.

What is the first step in protein synthesis?

a)

Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome

b)

The ribosome releases the completed protein chain

c)

DNA “unzips” to direct the production of a strand of messenger RNA

d)

Messenger RNA enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome

40.

Proteins are synthesized or made in the

a)

vacuoles

b)

ribosomes

c)

mitochondria

d)

lysosomes

41.

How many divisions take place in meiosis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

42.

How many divisions take place in mitosis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

43.

How many cells are created at the end of meiosis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

44.

How many chromosomes are in a human cell at the end of mitosis?

a)

23

b)

26

c)

43

d)

46

45.

A tomato plant cell has 24 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after the cell undergoes a mitotic division?

a)

6 chromosomes each

b)

12 chromosomes each

c)

24 chromosomes each

d)

48 chromosomes each

46.
The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:
a)
Left: meiosis
Right: meiosis
b)
Left: meiosis
Right: cloning
c)
Left: mitosis
Right: meiosis
d)
Left: mitosis
Right: mitosis
47.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart
48.

Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...

a)

16 chromosomes.

b)

46 chromosomes.

c)

8 chromosomes.

d)

4 chromosomes.

49.
Name the phase:
a)
Anaphase
b)
Telophase
c)
Metaphase
d)
Prophase
50.

Involves crossing over

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

51.

involves 1 division of nucleus

a)

Mitosis

b)

Meiosis

c)

Both

52.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
53.
In what phase does chromatin condense to form chromosomes?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
54.
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 
a)
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b)
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
55.

Why do cells undergo mitosis? Choose all that apply

a)

grow

b)

repair

c)

reproduce

d)

die

56.

What is another word for uncontrolled cell growth?

a)

mitosis

b)

Pneumonia

c)

cancer

d)

AIDS

57.
Humans have how may chromosomes ?
a)
112
b)
46
c)
8
d)
67
58.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
59.
Females have ____ and males have _____ chromosomes.
a)
XX, XY
b)
XY, XX
c)
XX, XX
d)
XY, XY
60.
What is one of the advantages, why is it better to reproduce sexually versus asexually?
a)
survival of the fittest
b)
overproduction
c)
genetic variation
d)
cloning

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