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WorksheetsSemester Exam 2023
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
The Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government, dissolved the assembly, and took control, renaming themselves the ___________.
Communist Party
Soviet Party
Mensheviks
Duma
The Russian revolutionaries angered the Allies by ___________.
signing a peace treaty with the Central Powers.
spreading Bolshevik ideals to Europe.
the Bolshevik victory in the elections of the Duma
attacking Germany at Tannenberg.
By 1916, conflict on the western front
had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench.
had resulted in victory for the British and French troops who pushed the exhausted enemy to the borders of Germany.
had resulted in the surrender of France and the establishment of the Vichy government.
had become a shifting game of rapid maneuver with few major battles.
What brought an end to the fighting on the Eastern Front in 1917?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Zimmerman telegram
Paris Peace Conference
Fourteen Points
Czar Nicholas II _____ the Duma when it demanded government reforms.
elected
dissolved
kidnapped
applauded
The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to give rights to ______.
the Congress
the federal government
individuals
the states
The provisional government angered the soviets because it decided to ____ the war.
continue
negotiate
send more supplies and men
end
The U.S. Constitution called for
a balance of power between the branches of government.
a powerful legislative branch.
a powerful executive branch.
.
powerful state governments.
What was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand?
the Serbian People’s Front
the Bosnian Militia
the Black Hand
the Red Band
A war of attrition is one fought
with constant diplomatic contact.
with stealth.
with new technology.
by trying to outlast each other.
How did Prussia dominate the new government of Germany?
They controlled all the people of Germany.
The kaiser was from Prussia.
the chancellor appointed the kaiser.
the Reichstag was based on appointment.
People centered in one place working for a certain number of hours per day for fixed pay is called the
cottage system
putting out system.
mechanization system
factory system.
The Hundred Days refers to
the return to democracy.
the Russian occupation of Paris.
the return of Napoleon
the English occupation of Paris
Why did discontent grow in France in the mid-1700s?
The King was an absolute monarch.
The bourgeoisie was given extra freedoms and rights over the rest of the Third Estate.
The economy of France was booming.
Everyone had the same rights in France.
The Congress of Vienna met in 1815
to settle religious disputes in Europe.
to elect a new Holy Roman Emperor.
to punish Napoleon for his wars.
to settle issues about the future of Europe.
When accidents happened in factories, owners usually
offered nothing
gave workers time off
made safer machines
paid for medical bills
The United States was persuaded to join the war because of its trade connections with the Allies and
nationalist feeling.
aim for European expansion.
belief in democracy.
dislike of the kaiser.
Socialism meant that
individuals should restrict businesses
individuals owned the means of production.
governments should monitor corporations.
government owned the means of production.
As manufacturing became more important than agriculture, the middle class became
less influential
smaller but richer
more influential
bigger but poorer
The Triple Entente was sparked by France’s fear of _____.
Austria-Hungary
Russia
the Ottoman Empire
Germany
“Revolution will occur more and more frequently in the industrialized nations as the proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of the capitalist system.”
This quotation reflects the ideas of
David Ricardo
Karl Marx
Thomas Malthus
Robert Owen
Which below was not a cause of WWI?
communism
Serbia wanting more land for its nation
Germany and Britain creating better navies than the other
imperialism
“The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite!”
This statement was made in response to which event?
Reign of Terror
Industrial Revolution
WWI
Communist Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because it had a favorable combination of all of the following EXCEPT
land
a labor force
absolute rule
capital
The use of steam-powered machinery meant that workers no longer required
supervision
years of training.
a set workplace
set hours.
The Battle of the Marne in 1914 and 1918 was important because
it kept France from entering Germany.
it kept German forces from entering Paris.
it was the longest battle of the war.
it was the shortest battle of the war.
Nicholas II abdicated his throne in 1917. What happened because of this event?
Kaiser William II allowed the Soviet Union to join the Central Powers.
Nicholas II and Lenin joined forces and created the Soviet Union.
Lenin was “kicked” out of Germany and sent back to Russia.
US joined the Allied forces and prepared to fight on the Western Front
The Western Front was characterized by
innovative strategy and tactics that fully utilized the new technologies available to both armies.
the slow but steady advance of the German army.
trench warfare that kept both sides in virtually the same positions for four years.
decisive victories by the French army, quickly driving back the German forces.
Why were the Articles of Confederation for the new formed United States ineffective?
Britain did not ratify the new government
they were defeated by the Southern states
the government was not able to handle problems
gave too much power to the federal government
A company that is the only, or almost the only, producer of a product has a ________.
monopoly
cartel
mass production
division of labor
Mechanization led to all of the following except ....
Europeans look for reasons to assimilate to other cultures.
European middle class gained political power.
Many Europeans migrated to the cities in search of jobs.
Europeans sought new markets for their goods.
The Schlieffen Plan
led to Lenin to winning Russian Revolution
caused France to ally with Russia
caused Britain to enter WWI
led to the terrorist attack of the Black Hand
Factories usually hired women and children because they were easily trained and
worked harder
worked for less money
quieter
faster
The U.S.S.R. stands for
Union of Seven Socialists Republics
Unity of Soviet Socialist of Russia
United Socialist Service of Russia
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
The Triple Entente was formed in reaction to
France’s military buildup.
Russia’s military buildup.
Germany’s military buildup.
Britain’s military buildup.
Britain’s launch of the Dreadnought was an example of
expansionism.
mobilization.
protectionism.
militarism
Germany’s late industrialization was a benefit because
the industry could use the advanced machinery developed elsewhere.
England’s power was on the decline, so it was easier to industrialize.
machines were cheaper than twenty years prior
laws that benefited industry were in place.
Approximately how many people died as a result of the carnage of World War I?
ten million
five million
one million
two million
Capitalism means that businesses are owned by _______.
monopolies
individuals or corporations
governments
cartels
Leader of the Republic of France
Brought about the Reign of Terror
Head of the Committee of Public Safety
His death brought an end to Reign of Terror
All these events are about
Danton
Lenin
Marat
Robespierre
Why did the French Revolution take place in the 1780s?
economic success of mercantilism
failure of the Congress of Vienna
Continental System in Europe
inequalities in the tax structure
What happened on 11 November 1918?
Central Powers invaded Belgium.
armistice to stop fighting
Bolsheviks renamed Russia
Battle of the Marne ended
Who came up with a plan to create a “just world” after World War I?
Woodrow Wilson
Lloyd George
Vittorio Orlando
Georges Clemenceau
At the Congress of Vienna (1815), the governments of Europe reacted to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon by attempting to
encourage nationalist movements
promote the European free-trade zone.
spread the idea of democracy
restore old regimes to power.
In World War I propaganda was used to
build patriotism
poison soldiers
protect women and children
build trenches.
What quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch?
“The government that governs best, governs least.”
“It is the punishment that must make the laws.”
“I Am The State.”
“The government must be based on a sound constitution.”
Great Britain, France, and Russia were known as the
Allied Powers.
Central Powers.
Triple Alliance.
Three Emperors League.
What single event set in motion the start of World War I?
the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
the Russian defensive military alliance with France
The Lusitania sinking
the rise of a dangerous European arms race
Which of the following would support the government staying out of business affairs?
John Stuart Mill
Karl Marx
Jeremy Bentham
Adam Smith
The true beginning of the French Revolution was
the First and Second Estates’ accepting taxes.
rioting against the Republic.
the Third Estate’s declaring the Tennis Court Oath.
Louis XVI’s dismissal of the Estates General.
Britain felt compelled to declare war on Germany after it ignored _____.
Japan’s declaration of neutrality.
Belgium’s declaration of neutrality.
Japan’s declaration of neutrality.
Italy’s declaration of neutrality.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated by
Communist nationalists
French nationalists.
Serbian nationalists.
German nationalists
The disaster at Gallipoli was sparked by the Allies’ attempt to
capture Troy.
gain control of access to the Black Sea and a sea route to Russia.
gain access to China
gain access to the Balkans
The Declaration of Independence gave
rights of governing to the people
more rights to colonists under British rule
rights to approval of taxes by the colonists
rights to stay with existing government
Wilson’s Fourteen Points were partially meant to
weaken the Balkans.
weaken Germany.
prevent future world wars.
destroy communism
In 1917 the czar was unable to put down demonstrations or strikes because he did not have the support of the __________.
Allies
Duma
peasants.
army
Division of labor in a factory means that each worker performs _____ of the process.
mass production
more
supervision
one step
Russia’s army, roads, and weapons were _______ for war.
inadequate
sold
adequate
responsible
Which factors helped cause the defeat of Napoleon during his invasion of Russia?
the coalition between the Russian czar and the democratic leaders.
the severe winters and large size of Russia.
the many rivers and mountains of Russia.
the well-trained and well-supplied Russian army.
The Central Powers were able to affect Allied shipping through the use of
better sea mapping.
U-boats
machine guns
control of Middle Eastern ports.
In a capitalist system,
navies are essential.
the government is responsible for increasing the wealth of the nations
governments control the means of production.
individuals control the factors of production.
World War I was the first war in which
airplanes were used.
photography was important.
spies were important.
nuclear weapons were used.
Wilson worried that punishing any nation too harshly would lead to ________.
unstable governments.
anger in the United States.
economic chaos.
future war.
The German chancellor - Bismark - formed the Triple Alliance in an effort to ____________.
increase German trade.
protect Austro-Hungarians in the Balkans.
isolate Russia economically.
isolate France diplomatically.
Division between the Whites, who supported the return of the Romanov monarchy, and the ________, who did not, dragged on for three years.
Duma
Allies
gulags
Red Army
World War I differed from other wars because it was
vast in scope.
fought on the ocean.
industrialized.
a guerrilla war.
After studying planetary movements for many years, this astronomer reasoned that the stars and planets revolved around the sun, an idea that became known as the heliocentric theory. Fearing ridicule or persecution, he didn’t publish his findings until 1543, the year of his death.
Nicolaus Copernicus
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Anders Celsius
Among his many scientific discoveries are the law of pendulum and the fact that falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates. Despite his genius, he lived the last years of his life under house arrest because his scientific findings did not go along with the Church authorities’ interpretation of the Bible.
Aristotle
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Rene Descartes
This philosophe strongly disagreed with other philosophes on a number of matters. For instance, although most philosophes believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, he argued that civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness.
John Locke
Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
This aristocratic philosophe devoted himself to the study of political liberty. In his famous book, On the Spirit of the Laws, he proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government.
Voltaire
John Locke
Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
This philosophe’s masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
Montesquieu
John Locke
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If government fails to protect these natural rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it.
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
John Locke
Montesquieu
Isaac Newton explained the
function of blood vessels
law of universal gravitation
anatomy of the human body
chemical composition of matter
In general, the philosophes believed in which of the following?
progress for society
expanding women’s rights
all Church decrees
authoritarian rule
The Declaration of Independence was written by
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
John Adams
John Hancock
The Bill of Rights was influenced by
Voltaire
John Locke
Jean Jacques Rousseau
all of these
How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?
It said that people have the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
It protected the rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment.
It set up a system of checks and balances for the U.S. government.
It stated all titles of nobility should be abolished.
At first, in an attempt to be a constitutionally chosen leader, Napoleon held a vote of the people, or _____.
concordant
coup d’etat
plebiscite
emigres
This describes the the most conservative members of the Legislative Assembly of France.
centrists
right-wing
royalists
left-wing
The person most responsible for the accomplishments of the Congress of Vienna was
Emperor Francis I of Austria
King Frederick
William of Prussia
Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria
Czar Alexander I of Russia
Which goal was NOT stated in the slogan of the French Revolution?
equality
justice
liberty
fraternity
What strategy did Czar Alexander I use to defeat Napoleon in Russia?
endless negotiations
guns and cannons
frontal attack
scorched-earth policy
Why is it important that the scientific method is a structured step-by-step process?
It makes it possible for the hypothesis to always be proven correct.
It makes it harder to duplicate the final result.
It ensures that observations and discoveries are the result of steps that can be repeated.
It ensures that all scientists start with a hypothesis.
Why did Bismarck try to limit the influence of the Catholic Church and socialists?
He felt they had too many religious ideas.
He worried they would join forces.
He felt they drew people’s allegiance away from the German state.
He felt they had the financial means to support an uprising.
Who led the struggle for South American independence from Spain?
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Miguel Hidalgo
Simon Bolívar
Jose Morelos
Which event did Toussaint L’Ouverture influence?
Manifest Destiny in the US
Gran Colombia splitting into three countries
Haiti becoming an independent republic
Mexico rebelling against Spain
What were the main concerns in the writings of both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?
fundamental religious beliefs and reformation of the Church
inequality, injustice, and corruption
human nature and the purpose and proper role of the government
economics such as free markets and laissez faire policies
Allowing business to operate with little or no government interference.
baroque
popular sovereignty
laissez faire
natural laws
Nationalism contributed to the decline of the Hapsburg empire because
the empire became paralyzed by nationalist unrest.
many new countries were created out of lost Hapsburg territory.
the Ottomans took advantage of the power vacuum created by the Hapsburg decline.
the empire had to pay reparations to the Kingdom of Hungary.
What led to the establishment of Haiti as a republic?
a slave revolt
a liberal revolution
a war with Spain
a new constitution
___ is a Russian word which, when directly translated, means “to wreak havoc.” ___ typically describe violence by Russian authorities against Jewish people.
zemstov
dissent
Russification
pogroms
Industrialization contributed to revolution in Russia by
forcing peasants to work long hours for low pay to feed industrial workers.
subjecting workers to miserable conditions that bred discontent.
increasing the wealth and power of the country’s nobility.
creating technology that helped revolutionaries to communicate.
What happened on 14 July 1789?
Robespierre was executed by guillotine.
Louis XVIII was captured at Varennes.
A mob stormed a prison looking for gunpowder.
French women marched all the way to Versailles.
Napoleon’s most enduring achievement was
the establishment of revolutionary democracies throughout Europe.
the Continental System.
the Napoleonic code of laws.
the unification of the German states.
After the Battle of Trafalgar, ____ was THE dominant maritime power in the world.
France
Great Britain
Russia
United States
How did Metternich and the Concert of Europe ensure absolute rule?
by abolishing feudalism
by requiring countries to use the Napoleonic Code
by suppressing freedom of speech and the press
by encouraging nationalism
The phrase was first used in a political context in 1790 to describe townsmen who wore pantaloons (long trousers) instead of the knee-length britches favored by the nobility and wealthy bourgeoisie. It was first used in royalist newspapers, to ridicule working-class members of the Jacobin club.
baroque
dandy
emigre
sans-culottes
Who was the president of the US during WWI?
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Herbert Hoover
In practice, which economic system led to the highest degree of government control over economic decisions?
capitalism
utilitarianism
utopian socialism
Marxism
Why did big business emerge during the Industrial Revolution?
Competition between businesses became unnecessary.
Labor unions demanded and won higher wages.
New technologies required the investment of more capital.
Governments passed laws regulating monopolies.
