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Basic Biology final

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Basic solution have a pH below 7, while acidic solution have a pH above 7

a)

true

b)

false

2.

Which of the classes of RNA molecules is linked whith proteins in forming the large and small subunits of a cytoplasmic structure?

a)

ribosomal RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

messenger RNA

d)

primary mRNA transcript

3.

The pressure reqired to stop water from moving across the membrane by osmosis is called

a)

transport pressure

b)

crenation pressure

c)

atmospheric pressure

d)

osmotic pressure

4.

Which one of the following is considered a biological macromolecule?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

all of the above

5.

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

a)

water

b)

NADPH

c)

ATP

d)

oxygen

6.

Which enzyme catalyze the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' - 3' direction?

a)

primase

b)

DNA ligase

c)

DNA polymerase |||

d)

helicase

7.

Single base pair mutation often cause a minimal problems.

a)

true

b)

false

8.

If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration,

a)

fermentation will occure

b)

the Krebs cycle begins

c)

the electron transport chain works more efficiently

d)

glycolysis stops

9.

Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as --- is to ---.

a)

exergonic; spontaneous

b)

exergonic; endergonic

c)

free energy; entropy

d)

work; energy

10.

Codons are

a)

triplets coding for a single amino acid

b)

the alphabet of the genetic language

c)

redundant in their coding for various amino acids

d)

all of the previous

11.

Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements?

a)

primase, polymerase, ligase

b)

3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5'

c)

5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3'

d)

5' DNA to 3'

12.

Which of the following help(S) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

a)

primase

b)

ligase

c)

DNA polymerase

d)

single-strand binding proteins

13.

Which is the process by which a protein is constructed?

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

transposition

d)

transformation

14.

Water is an end product in

a)

photosynthesis

b)

glycolysis

c)

the Krebs cycle

d)

the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration

15.

There are 61 different codons that code for diggerent amino acids.

a)

true

b)

false

16.

Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following?

a)

Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not.

b)

Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.

c)

The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

d)

Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not.

17.

Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information as it is needed for the construction of a protein?

a)

ribsomal RNA

b)

transfer RNA

c)

messenger RNA

d)

primary mRNA transcript

18.

At the very beginning of translation, the first tRNA molecule

a)

binds to the mRNA s anticodon

b)

attaches directly to the DNA codon

c)

connects an amino acid to its antocodon

d)

binds to the mRNA s start codon

19.

If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequence?

a)

UUCGUU

b)

TTCGTT

c)

AAGCAA

d)

UTCGTU

20.

Facilitated diffusion is an active process that requires a cell to utilize a great deal of energy

a)

true

b)

false

21.

The synthesis of RNA transcript is always 5' to 3'

a)

true

b)

false

22.

What are the products of linear photophosphorylation?

a)

heat and fluorescence

b)

ATP and P700

c)

ATP and NADPH

d)

ADP and NADP

23.

Hydrogen bonds are individually weak but collectively can be a significant stabilizing force in macromolecules

a)

true

b)

false

24.

We normally have about --- amino acid

a)

10

b)

20

c)

30

d)

40

25.

What divides during cytokinesis

a)

the centrioles

b)

the cytoplasm

c)

the nucleus

d)

the DNA

26.

Which component is not directly involved in translation

a)

mRNA

b)

DNA

c)

tRNA

d)

ribosomes

27.

In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

a)

the two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter

b)

several transcription (regulatory) factors have bound to the promoter

c)

the 5' caps removed from the mRNA

d)

the DNA exons are removed from the template

28.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

a)

cytokinesis, mitosis, G1 , S , G2

b)

S , G1 , G2 , mitosis, cytokinesis

c)

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis

d)

mitosis, G1, S, G2, cytokinesis

29.

Are the parts of the mRNA that are NOT translated into proteins

a)

exons

b)

introns

c)

cyclotrons

d)

electrons

30.

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

a)

reducing NADPH+

b)

splitting water molecules

c)

chemiosmosis

d)

the electron transfer system of photosystem |

31.

On an eukaryotic ribosome, the following sites are normally present upon translation

a)

P, A and E

b)

B, A and E

c)

P, A and F

d)

E, B and F

32.

The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is

a)

initiation, termination, elongation

b)

elongation, termination, initiation

c)

termination, elongation, initiation

d)

initiation, elongation, termination

33.

Carboxyl terminus is last amino acid of any polypeptide

a)

true

b)

fase

34.

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

a)

8%

b)

16%

c)

31%

d)

42%

35.

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

a)

thylakoid membrane only

b)

plasma membrane only

c)

inner mitochondrial membrane only

d)

thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane

36.

Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?

a)

energy cannot be created or destroyed

b)

the entropy of the universe is decreasing

c)

the entropy of the universe is constant

d)

kinetic energy is stored that results from the specific arrangement of matter

37.

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

4

b)

15

c)

30-32

d)

60-64

38.

AUG ------?

a)

is a start codon

b)

correspond to methionine

c)

both (a) and (b)

d)

none of the above

39.

Which of the following os not true of RNA processing?

a)

Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus

b)

Nucleotides may be added at both ends of the RNA

c)

Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing

d)

RNA splicing can be catalyzed by spliceosomes

40.

The 5' end capping increases the stability and lifespan in of m RNA int he cytosol

a)

true

b)

false

41.

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

a)

CO2 and H2O

b)

CO2 and pyruvate

c)

NADH and pyruvate

d)

CO@ and NADH

42.

Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

a)

mitochondrial matrix

b)

mitochondrial outer membrane

c)

mitochondrial inner membrane

d)

cytosol

43.

The ability of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase to recognize appropriate t RNA has been called ----

a)

genetic code

b)

second genetic code

c)

third genetic code

d)

second messenger

44.

Organisms that possess a defined nucleus are called

a)

bacteria

b)

prokaryote

c)

eukaryotes

d)

none of the above

45.

Transcription factors are

a)

enhancers

b)

regulatory proteins

c)

promoters

d)

reformer enzymes

46.

The non-coding portions of DNA that are transcribed but not translated, and are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during transcription are called

a)

transposons

b)

introns

c)

exons

d)

exposons

47.

Which cell organelle contains its own DNA?

a)

the Golgi apparatus

b)

the plasma membrane

c)

the mitochondria

d)

the ER

48.

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

a)

substrate-level phosphorylation

b)

electron transport

c)

photophosphorylation

d)

chemiosmosis

49.

The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction

a)

gains electrons and gains potential energy

b)

loses electrons and loses potential energy

c)

gains electrons and loses potential energy

d)

loses electrons and gains potential energy

50.

The nucleic acid is cloverleaf structure

a)

DNA

b)

tRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

rRNA

51.

There are five types of nucleotides in our cells

a)

true

b)

false

52.

Due to the lack of the pigment precursor molecules, Drosophilia fails to develop the red color and stays white-eyed

a)

true

b)

false

53.

The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during replication

a)

is accomplished by DNA polymerase

b)

is accomplished only in the presence of tRNA

c)

prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA

d)

is the responsibility of the proofreading enzymes

54.

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

a)

stroma of the chloroplast

b)

thylakoid membrane

c)

cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast

d)

outer membrane of the chloroplast

55.

Which term most precisely describes the cellular precess of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

a)

catalysis

b)

metabolism

c)

anabolism

d)

catabolism

56.

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiments showed that transformation of bacteria from the R to the S type

a)

is prevented by protein-destroying enzymes (proteases)

b)

is prevented by DNA-destroying enzymes (DNAases)

c)

is prevented by RNA-destroying enzymes (RNAases)

d)

is caused by a protein

57.

In the second stage of aerobic respiration, what happens to the electrons that have been depleted of their energy during ATP production?

a)

They combine with Oxygen and Hydrogen ions to form water

b)

They combine with Oxygen to form carbon dioxide

c)

They built up inside the mitochondria and diffuse back to a thylakoid

d)

They are excited by light energy

58.

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

a)

CO2 and glucose

b)

H2O and O2

c)

ADP and NADP+

d)

ATP and NADPH

59.

Oil is an example of ---------

a)

saturated fatty acids

b)

solid fat

c)

healthy fat

d)

all of the above

60.

N-terminus is the amino acid that corresponds to 2' end of a mRNA

a)

true

b)

false

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