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Science Olympiad Astronomy

Total questions: 25

Worksheet time: 14mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Identify the part of the spectral classification that indicates the Sun’s approximate temperature.

a)

M3

b)

G2

c)

B1

d)

F2

2.

Identify the approximate temperature range for a G2 star

a)

3250-5065 K

b)

10,000 - 20,000 K

c)

25,000 K

d)

5700-5900 K

3.

The remaining portion of the spectral type identifies the Yerkes luminosity class. Based on the remaining portion, name what kind of luminosity class the Sun is.

a)

White Dwarf

b)

Main Sequence

c)

Red Giant

d)

Blue Super Giant

4.

Most white dwarf stars have what two elements in them? Select two answers.

a)

Carbon

b)

Oxygen

c)

Helium

d)

Magnesium

5.

White dwarves uphold themselves due to electron degeneracy pressure. Electrons are forced to go to higher energy levels when lower energy levels fill up because of what quantum principle?

a)

Reissner-Nordstrom Principle

b)

Hawking radiation Principle

c)

Chandrasekhar Limit Principle

d)

Pauli Exclusion Principle

6.

Since white dwarves usually blow up at the specific threshold of 1.44 solar masses every time, this makes a particular type of explosion useful in calculating distance. What’s the name of this upper mass limit for white dwarves?

a)

Kerr-Newman

b)

Schwarzschild Limit

c)

Chandrasekhar Limit

d)

Pauli Exclusion Limit

7.

Since white dwarves usually blow up at the specific threshold of 1.44 solar masses every time, this makes a particular type of explosion useful in calculating distance. What type of explosion can be used as a standard candle?

a)

Pair-instability supernova

b)

Hypernova

c)

Type II Supernova

d)

Type Ia Supernova

8.

Usually, what initial mass in solar masses must a Main Sequence star have to guarantee the inevitable formation of a black hole?

a)

40

b)

30

c)

20

d)

8

9.

It’s theorized that black holes can evaporate. Arbitrary particles can slowly start to escape the event horizon of a black hole if they summon right at the horizon. It is then emitted as what kind of radiation?

a)

Chandrasekhar radiation

b)

Hawking radiation

c)

Pauli Exclusion radiation

d)

Reissner-Nordstrom radiation

10.

There are two other properties that we can measure in a black hole: Electric charge and angular momentum. If you have both angular momentum and charge on a given black hole, then what type of black hole do you have?

a)

Kerr

b)

Reissner-Nordstrom

c)

Schwarzschild

d)

Kerr-Newman

11.

.Near which letter would a helium flash roughly occur at?

a)

B

b)

A

c)

D

d)

C

12.

Assuming each letter represents a star in that exact location, rank the four stars by increasing size.

a)

B, C, D, A

b)

C, B, A, D

c)

D, A, B, C

d)

A, C, B, D

13.

Assuming each letter represents different stages of a 1 solar mass star’s life, which letter represents the stage before a planetary nebula?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

14.

Under certain conditions, magnetic energy can be produced to create a magnetar. Which types of energy will be converted into magnetic energy in these conditions? Select all that apply.

a)

Heat

b)

Light

c)

Rotational

d)

Electric

e)

Nuclear

15.

Neutron stars and black holes can be one component of a type of binary system that revolves around a specific form of electromagnetic radiation. What is the name of this type of binary?

a)

Astronomic Binary

b)

Eclipsing Binary

c)

Spectroscopic Binary

d)

X-Ray Binary

16.

Star Eren has a B-V color index of 0.56 and Star Jaeger has a B-V color index of 0.03. Which star is hotter?

a)

Star Eren

b)

Star Jaeger

17.

What two factors can influence a star’s luminosity?

a)

Chemical Composition

b)

Temperature

c)

Size

d)

Color

18.

Stars can emit various types of electromagnetic radiation. Speaking of electromagnetic radiation, list all seven types of electromagnetic radiation, from smallest wavelength to largest wavelength.

a)

Gamma ray, X-Ray, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio

b)

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma

c)

Microwave, Gamma, Infrared, X-Ray, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, Radio

d)

Gamma, X-Ray, Visible Light, Infrared, Ultraviolet, Microwave, Radio

19.

Gravitational waves are disturbances in spacetime curvature. Which of the following would not create gravitational waves?

a)

Supermassive Black Hole

b)

Asymmetric Pulsars

c)

Cosmological Inflation

d)

Supernova

20.

In dense cores of molecular clouds, there are two types of pressure that keep the core from collapsing due to gravity until too much mass accrues. What types of pressure are they?

a)

Absolute pressure

b)

Gas pressure

c)

Thermal Pressure

d)

Magnetic pressure

21.

Yellow hypergiants are some of the most luminous stars, with absolute magnitudes going up to -9. Many of these stars are thought to be the next stage after the largest kind of what star?

a)

White Dwarfs

b)

Red Supergiants

c)

Red Giants

d)

Hot Blue Stars

22.

This is an example of what kind of object?

a)

Supernova Remnant

b)

Magnetic Cataclysmic Variable Eruption

c)

Protostar

d)

Herbig-Haro Object

23.

If a protostar fails to fuse hydrogen, it will end up becoming what?

a)

A Brown Dwarf

b)

A White Dwarf

c)

A Red Giant

d)

A Medium Sized Dwarf

24.

The spectra of the Cat’s Eye Nebula, a planetary nebula, had a wavelength that didn’t seem to correspond to any element. It turns out that there was an element associated with it (Nitrogen and Oxygen ions), but quantum selection rules indicate that these spectra should not be generated under the given conditions. What is the term for these impossible spectra?

a)

von Neumann projection Lines

b)

Wave Function Lines

c)

Normalized Vector Lines

d)

Forbidden Lines

25.

In which of the following stars may you find a higher quantity of Lithium than most stars? Select all that apply.

a)

Mira Variable

b)

T Tauri Variables

c)

RR Lyrae Variables

d)

Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables