WorksheetsUnit 2: Tectonic Processes
Total questions: 25
Worksheet time: 15mins
2.1.1
What is the difference between continental crust and oceanic crust?
Continental is relatively thick, older, and made of granite
Oceanic is relatively thick, young, and made of granite
Continental is relatively thin, young, and made of basaltic rock
Oceanic is relatively thin, young, and made of basaltic rock
2.1.2
What is the theory of plate tectonics?
One supercontinent Pangea and floats on the denser lithosphere
Earth's crust is broken into plates, convection currents in the mantle, and causes plates to diverge
One supercontinent Pangea and floats on the denser asthenosphere
Earth's crust is broken into plates, convection currents in the core, and causes plates to converge
2.1.2
What is the evidence that suggests there was once one single continent/plates have moved over time?
Same rock strata on separate continents, same fossil species on separate continents, paleomagnetic stripes on seafloor, and jigsaw fit of the continents' edges
Same rock strata on the same continents, different fossil species on separate continents, paleomagnetic stripes on seafloor, and jigsaw fit of the continents' edges
Different rock strata on separate continents, same fossil species on separate continents, paleomagnetic stripes on seafloor, and jigsaw fit of the continents' edges
Different rock strata on the same continents, different fossil species on separate continents, paleomagnetic stripes on seafloor, and jigsaw fit of the continents' edges
2.1.3
Identify and describe the three types of plate boundary.
Divergent: plates move towards each other, convergent: plates slide past each other, and transform: plates separate
Divergent: plates slide past each other, convergent: plates separate, and transform: plates move towards each other
Divergent: plates move towards each other, convergent: plates separate, and transform: plates slide past each other
Divergent: plates separate, convergent: plates move towards each other, and transform: plates slide past each other
2.1.4
Which tectonic process produces trenches, volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis?
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
2.1.5
What is true about hydrothermal vents?
Water from hydrothermal vents is under pressure, there are hot and rich dissolved nutrients, and it forms vent plumes
Water from hydrothermal vents is under pressure, there are cold and dissolved nutrients, and it forms chimneys
Water from hydrothermal vents is under pressure, there are hot and rich dissolved nutrients, and it forms chimneys
Water from hydrothermal vents is under pressure, there are cold and rich dissolved nutrients, and it forms vent plumes
2.1.6
Which minerals precipitate out of the solution to create hydrothermal vent plume?
Phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon
Copper, sulfides, zinc, and iron
Aluminum, lithium, and cesium
Nickel, cobalt, and potassium
2.1.7
How do chimneys form at hydrothermal vents?
Minerals form solids near fissure
Minerals form liquids near fissure
They pile on top of each other due to lack of solubility in cold water
They pile on top of each other due to solubility in hot water
2.2.1
What is weathering and erosion?
Weathering: break down of rocks/sediment
Erosion: carried away/removal of sediment
Weathering: carried away/ removal of sediment
Erosion: break down of rocks/sediment
2.2.2
What are the three main types of weathering?
Chemical weathering
Physical weathering
Mechanical weathering
Organic weathering
2.2.2
Describe the three main types of weathering.
Chemical weathering: the movement of water and suspended sediment, Physical weathering: more acidic water will break down rocks, and Organic weathering: biological weathering
Chemical weathering: biological weathering, Physical weathering: the movement of water and suspended sediment, and Organic weathering: more acidic water will break down rocks
Chemical weathering: biological weathering, Physical weathering: more acidic water will break down rocks, and Organic weathering: the movement of water and suspended sediment
Chemical weathering: more acidic water will break down rocks, Physical weathering: the movement of water and suspended sediment, and Organic weathering: biological weathering
2.2.3
What are the four main types of erosion?
By ice
By water
By wind
By fire
By gravity
2.2.3
Describe erosion by ice, water, and wind.
Glaciers move, weather, and deposit sediment in new locations as the glacier moves
Rivers, waves, currents and tides deposit sediment elsewhere
Can carry sediment great distances
Particles will be dragged down through the depths
2.2.4
What is sedimentation?
Deposition of sediment particles in a new location, build-up, and accumulation of sediment
Third part of the journey through water erosion
Third part of the journey through wind erosion
Deposition of sediment particles in an old location and dissipation of sediment
2.2.5
How does the speed of water flow and particle size affect the removal, transport, and deposition of particles?
The faster the movement of water, the more energy there is to move the particles/sediment
Smaller particle sizes take more energy to erode
The slower the movement of water, the more energy there is to move the particles/sediment
Larger particle sizes take less energy to erode
2.2.6
Define the littoral zone.
Littoral zones are categorized according to the size of the shore, wave action and erosion, the substrate that makes up the shore, and the organisms that live there
Littoral zones are categorized according to the shape of the shore, wave action and weathering, the substrate that makes up the shore, and the organisms that live there
Littoral zones are categorized according to the size of the shore, wave action and weathering, the substrate that makes up the shore, and the organisms that live there
Littoral zones are categorized according to the shape of the shore, wave action and erosion, the substrate that makes up the shore, and the organisms that live there
2.2.7
What are all the examples of littoral zones?
Sandy shore, muddy shore, and delta
Sandy shore, delta, and estuary
Rocky shore, sandy shore, muddy shore, estuary, and delta
Rocky shore, muddy shore, and estuary
2.2.8
What are the characteristics of a rocky shore?
Rocky substrate, where a river ends at the sea, and deposit sediment on the continental shelf
Rocky substrate, slope varies from vertical cliffs to flat expanses of rocks, and exist in a gradient
Rocky substrate, little to no water movement, and very little weathering and erosion
Rocky substrate, formed by erosion of sandstone and sedimentation of sand particles
2.3.1
What is the difference between tidal range and tidal surge?
Tidal range: distance on the coast between high and low tides, Tidal surge: coastal flooding of abnormally high seawater level with low pressure weather systems
Tidal range: coastal flooding of abnormally high seawater level with low pressure weather systems, Tidal surge: distance on the coast between high and low tides
Tidal range: vertical movement of water on the coast due to the gravitational pull of the Earth, Sun, and Moon, Tidal surge: coastal flooding of abnormally high seawater level with low pressure weather systems
Tidal range: distance on the coast between high and low tides, Tidal surge: vertical movement of water on the coast due to the gravitational pull of the Earth, Sun, and Moon
2.3.2
How often do spring and neap tides occur? What do the tidal ranges look like?
Spring tide: occurs once a month and smallest tidal range, Neap tide: occurs twice a month and largest tidal range
Spring tide: occurs twice a month and smallest tidal range, Neap tide: occurs once a month and largest tidal range
Spring tide: occurs once a month and largest tidal range, Neap tide: occurs once a month and smallest tidal range
Spring tide: occurs twice a month and largest tidal range, Neap tide: occurs twice a month and smallest tidal range
2.3.2
When do spring and neap tides form?
Spring tide: when Earth, Moon, and Sun are in a straight line, Neap tide: when Earth, Moon, and Sun are at right angles
Spring tide: New and full moon, Neap tide: 1st and 3rd quarter Moon
Spring tide: when Earth, Moon, and Sun are at right angles, Neap tide: when Earth, Moon, and Sun are in a straight line
Spring tide: 1st and 3rd quarter Moon, Neap tide: New and full moon
2.3.3
What is the difference between diurnal and semidiurnal tides?
Diurnal: two high tides and two low tides, Semidiurnal: one high tide and one low tide
Diurnal: one high tide and one low tide, Semidiurnal: two high tides and two low tides
2.3.4
What is the Coriolis Effect? What is upwelling?
Coriolis Effect: phenomenon that causes surface currents to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere & to the left in the S hemisphere, Upwelling: the movement (current) of cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep/bottom of the sea to the surface
Coriolis Effect: phenomenon that causes deep currents to be deflected to the left in the N hemisphere & to the right in the S hemisphere, Upwelling: the movement (current) of warm, nutrient-rich water from the surface of the sea to the bottom
Coriolis Effect: phenomenon that causes surface currents to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere & to the left in the S hemisphere, Upwelling: the movement (current) of warm, nutrient-rich water from the surface of the sea to the bottom
Coriolis Effect: phenomenon that causes deep currents to be deflected to the left in the N hemisphere & to the right in the S hemisphere, Upwelling: the movement (current) of cold, nutrient-rich water from the deep/bottom of the sea to the surface
2.3.5
How is the global ocean conveyor belt formed?
Caused by winds forcing cold deep water away from the coastline and creating a high pressure zone that brings warmer water to the surface OR by topography of seabed (ex. Mid-ocean ridge, sea mount)
Caused by winds forcing warm surface water away from the coastline and creating a low pressure zone that brings colder water to the surface OR by topography of seabed (ex. Mid-ocean ridge, sea mount)
Fertilizes deep waters to decrease productivity = increases biomass of consumers = healthy ecosystems
Fertilizes surface waters to increase productivity = increases biomass of consumers = healthy ecosystems
2.3.6
Compare normal conditions to El Niño.
Normal: Wind E to W, surface currents E to W, good upwelling (large number of fish, seabirds, and marine consumers), and creates massive storm clouds and lots of rain to Australia/Asia
Normal: Wind W to E, surface currents W to E, good upwelling (large number of fish, seabirds, and marine consumers), and little to no storm clouds and drought like conditions in Australia/Asia
El Niño: Wind speed reduces and reverses W to E, surface currents W to E, upwelling slows/stops, drought like conditions in Australia/Indonesia, and occurs every 3-5 years, sometimes 7 years
El Niño: Wind speed increases and reverses E to W, surface currents E to W, upwelling increases, lots of rain in Australia/Indonesia, and occurs every 2-6 years, sometimes 8 years
