Learners learn best by repeating and memorizing a long list of imitated words, phrases, and sentences

When learners are allowed to talk freely with each other in group or pair activities they copy each other’s errors.

Older adults are not as successful at language learning as younger adults.

The greatest challenge for older adult language learners is the doubt - in the minds of learner and teacher.

Fast-paced drills and competitive exercises and activities are effective for all learners.

Teachers must be able to reduce anxiety and build self-confidence in all learners.

Teachers should always teach simple grammar structures before complex ones.

Rephrasing and recasting are ways to give feedback on students' errors.

Learners need to be prepared for language use outside the classroom by developing strategies for dealing with non-classroom texts that may contain vocabulary or structures that they haven’t studied.

Communicative Language teaching believes that the purpose of language learning is to communicate effectively rather than to speak or write without making mistakes.

Grammar should be learned through memorizing grammar rules and repeating sentences with the same grammar pattern rather than using it in meaningful contexts.

Making mistakes is a natural part of the language learning process.

The goal of pronunciation teaching is for the learner to speak like a native speaker.

New grammar and vocabulary should be presented in the context of a meaningful situation.

Language learning is an individual process. Learners often work alone or one-on-one with the teacher.

Language learning is a cooperative process. Learners often do activities in pairs or small groups.

Translation is effective to use by the teacher.

Learners can use writing to remember or practice new grammar, vocabulary, or expressions.

To avoid confusions, English is used to give instructions and to facilitate activities.